Mudra (music)
A mudra (IAST: Mudrā; Sanskrit for sign or symbol) is a term woven into compositions in Indian classical music, particularly Carnatic music, that indicates the identity of the composer, a patron, the raga, tala, or style. A composer might use his own name or a pseudonym.[1] Not all composers have mudras, and they do not necessarily relate to the composer's name.[2][3]
Etymology[]
A mudra is a pen name, nom de plume, or pseudonym adopted by a musician to serve as their sign of authorship in a musical composition. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise their gender, to distance an author from some or all of their previous works, to protect the author from retribution for their writings, to combine more than one author into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge.
All most every time, the penname is inserted in the wordings of the composition or poem in a artistically meaningful way.
List of Mudras used by Musicians[]
Hindustani Musicians[]
Mudra (English) | Mudra (Devanagari) | Musician | Translation | Gharana | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adā-ranga | अदारंग | Firoz Khān of Delhi | "Colors of Grace." | Seniya | 18th-century dhrupadiya in Rangile's Court.[4] |
Abhī-raṅga | अभीरंग | Abhijith Shenoy Kerki | "Colors of fearlessness." | Gwalior, Agra, Atrauli | |
Ālama | आलम | Ālamara Begum Khāsmahal | |||
Ahmeda-piyā | अहमदपिया | Alladiya Khan | "Lover of Ahmed." | Jaipur-Atrauli | |
Akhtara-piyā | अख़्तरपिया | Wajid Ali Shah | |||
Amara, Amara-piyā | अमर, अमरपिया | Aman Ali Khan | Bhendi-Bazaar | ||
Amaradāsa, Amara-piyā | अमरदास, अमरपिया | Bhendi-Bazaar | |||
Ānanda | आनन्द | Pralhad Ganu | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Ananga-raṅga | अनंगरंग | Acharya Brihaspati | |||
Azīza-piyā | अज़ीजपिया | Mehboob Baksh Khan | Agra | ||
Bhāva-raṅga | भावरंग | Balwantrai Bhatt | Gwalior | ||
Bindā | बिन्दा | Lucknow | |||
Chakra-piyā | चक्रपिया | Chakradhar Singh | |||
Chānda-piyā | चान���दपिया | Delhi[5] | |||
Chatura, Chatura Pandit | चतुर, चतुरपण्डित | Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande | Rampur | ||
Chita-Ānanda | चित-आनन्द | "Elated consciousness." | Agra[6] | ||
Darasa-piyā | दरसपिया | Mehboob Khān of Agra | Agra[7] | ||
Darasa-piyā | दरसपिया | Shafi Ahmed Khān of Atrauli | Atrauli[8] | ||
Darpaṇa | दर्पण | "Mirror." | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Deva-raṅga | देवरंग | Daibashish Gangopadhyay | "Divine Colors." | Musician, Composer, Music director | |
Dhyāna-raṅga-piyā | ध्यानरंगपिया | Mani Prasad | Kirana | ||
Dila-raṅga | दिलरंग | "Colors of the Heart." | Khurja, Atrauli | ||
Dina-raṅga | दिनरंग | "Colors of the Day." | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Gauhara, Gauharapyari | गौहर, गौहरप्यारी | Gauhar Jaan | |||
Guṇa-piyā | गुणपिया | "Lover of Qualities." | |||
Guṇa-raṅga | गुणरंग[9] | "Colors of Qualities." | Kirana | ||
Guṇi-dāsa | गुणीदास | "Servant of Qualities." | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Guṇi-jāna | गुणीजान | Gwalior, Agra, Atrauli | |||
Guṇiye | गुणिये | Vasantrao Kulkarni | Gwalior, Agra, Atrauli | ||
Guru-raṅga | गुरुरंग[10] | Vrajotsavji Maharaj][11] | |||
Gyāna-raṅga | ज्ञानरंग | Aarshin Karande[12] | Mewati | ||
Govinda | गोविंद | Govindrao Dantale | Mewati | ||
Hara-raṅga | हररंग | Muhammad Ali Khan | |||
Hara-raṅga | हररंग | Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande | Rampur | Musicologist. | |
Hari-priyā | हरिप्रिया | Harishchandra Bali | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Hinga-raṅga | हिंगरंग | Hussain Ali Khan[13] | "Colors of Hinga." | Kirana | |
Ināyata, Ināyata-piyā | इनायत, इनायतपिया | Inayat Hussain Khan | "Lover of Inayat." | Rampur-Sahaswan | |
Ibrāhīm-piyā | इब्राहीमपिया | of Tonk | Rampur-Sahaswan | ||
Jasa | जस | Pandit Jasraj | "Glory." | Mewati | |
Jyōti-raṅga | ज्योतिरंग | ||||
Kharaharapriya-dāsa | खरहरप्रियादास[14] | Benares | |||
Khusha-raṅga | ख़ुशरंग | Hapur, Khurja | |||
Krishṇa-dāsa | कृष्णदास | Gwalior, Agra, Jaipur-Atrauli, Kirana | |||
Lalana-piyā | ललनपिया | ||||
Lāla-raṅga | लालरंग | ||||
Madhura-piyā | मधुरपिया | Gokulotsavji Maharaj | |||
Magana | मगन | Chinmoy Lahiri | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Magana-piyā | मगनपिया | Agra | |||
Manahara | मनहर | ||||
Manahara-piyā | मनहरपिया | Abdullah Khan | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Manahara-piyā | मनहरपिया | ||||
Mana-raṅga | मनरंग | Seniya | |||
Mana-raṅga | मनरंग | of Jaipur | |||
Manapiya | मनपिया | of Sri Lanka | |||
Mita-raṅga | मितरंग | Deviprasad Kharwandikar[15] | "Colors of Measure." | ||
Mohana-piyā | मोहनपिया | Agra | |||
Nāda-piyā | नादपिया | "Lover of naad." | Gwalior, Agra | ||
Nāda-raṅga | नादरंग | "Colors of naad." | Patiala, Agra, Atrauli | ||
Nāda-raṅga | नादरंग | Sandeep Ranade | "Colors of naad." | Mewati | |
Nātha-piyā | नाथपिया | Vilayat Khan | Etawah | Sitarist. Enayet Khan's Rajput name was "Nath Singh." | |
Niguṇa | निगुण | Neelkanth Abhyankar | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Prāṇa-piyā | प्राणपिया | Vilayat Hussain Khan | Agra, Atrauli[16] | ||
Pranava-raṅga | प्रणवरंग | Omkarnath Thakur | "Colors of Om." | Gwalior | |
Prema-piyā | प्रेमपिया | Faiyaz Khan | "Lover of Affect." | Agra | |
Prema-dāsa | प्रेमदास | "Servant of Affect." | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Prema-raṅga | प्रेमरंग | Sharafat Hussain Khan | "Colors of Affect." | Agra, Atrauli | |
Prema-raṅga | प्रेमरंग | "Colors of Affect." | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Qadara-piyā | क़दरपिया | of Rampur | Thumri composer.[17] | ||
Ratana-piyā | रतनपिया | Agra | |||
Rāma-dāsa | रामदास | Zahoor Khan | Khurja[18] | ||
Rāma-raṅga | रामरंग | ||||
Raṅgile | रंगीले | Ramzan Khan | Rangile[19] | ||
Rasa-dāsa | रसदास | Arun Kashalkar | Gwalior, Agra, Atrauli, Jaipur-Atrauli | ||
Rasa-dāsī | रसदासी | Agra, Atrauli | |||
Rasa-piyā | रसपिया | Babanrao Haldankar | Agra, Atrauli, Jaipur-Atrauli | ||
Rasa-raṅga | रसरंग | Bade Inayat Hussain Khan | Gwalior | ||
Rasa-raṅga | रसरंग | Agra, Atrauli | |||
Rasika-piyā | रसिकपिया | Dhruv Tara Joshi | |||
Rasika-raṅga | रसिकरंग | Ashok Ranade | Gwalior | Musicologist[20] | |
Rasika-raṅga | रसिकरंग | ||||
Razā-piyā | रज़ापिया | Raza Ali Khan | Patiala | Nawab.[21] | |
Saba-raṅga | सबरंग | Agra | |||
Saba-raṅga | सबरंग | Bade Ghulam Ali Khan | Patiala | ||
Saba-rasa | सबरस | Ghulam Maulvi Khan | Patiala | ||
Sadā-raṅga | सदारंग | Niyamat Khān of Delhi | Seniya | Descendant of Tansen, dhrupadiya in Rangile's Court.[22] | |
Saguṇa-piyā | सगुणपिया | Yashpal | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Sajana-piyā | सजनपिया | Khadim Hussain Khan | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Samajha-dila | समझदिल | Enayat Khan | Etawah, Agra | ||
Sanada-piyā | सनदपिया | Tawakkul Husain Khan of Rampur | Jaipur | Thumri composer.[23] | |
Sanehī-piyā | सनेहीपिया | Gulam Qadar Khan | Agra | ||
Sarasa-piyā | सरसपिया | Agra | |||
Sarasa-raṅga | सरसरंग | Agra | |||
Shakīla-piyā | शकीलपिया | Agra | |||
Shōk, Shōka-raṅga | शोक, शोकरंग | Kumar Gandharva | Gwalior | ||
Shōri, Shōri Miyān | शोरी, शोरी मियाँ | Lucknow | |||
Shubha-raṅga | शुभरंग | ||||
Shyāma-raṅga | श्यामरंग | Agra | |||
Shyāma-raṅga | श्यामरंग | Jitendra Abhisheki | Atrauli, Khurja | ||
Subha-raṅga | सुभरंग | ||||
Sughara-piyā | सुघरपिया | Gwalior | |||
Sujana-dāsa | सुजनदास | Agra, Atrauli | |||
Sujanasuta | सुजनसुत | K. G. Ginde | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Sujāna | सुजान | Agra | |||
Sujāna, Sujāna-piyā | सुजान, सुजानपिया | S. N. Ratanjankar | Agra, Atrauli | ||
Sura-raṅga | सुररंग | Amir Khan | Indore, Kirana, Bhendi-Bazaar | ||
Tana-raṅga | तनरंग | Vishwanath Rao Ringe | Gwalior | ||
Vyākul | व्याकुल | Vyakul of Ayodhya | Guru of Ramashreya Jha[24] | ||
Vedī | वेदी | "Colors of naad." | Patiala, Agra, Atrauli | ||
Vinōda-piyā | विनोदपिया | Tasadduq Hussain Khan | Agra | Son of Kallan Khan, Agra Gharana.[24] | |
Vraja-raṅga | व्रजरंग [25] | Vrajotsavji Maharaj[26] | |||
Yasha-raṅga | यशरंग | Gwalior, Agra, Atrauli |
Carnatic Musicians[]
Name | Mudra | Notes |
---|---|---|
Tallapaka Annamayya | Venkata | |
Vyasatirtha | Sri Krishna/ Siri Krishna/Krishna | |
Vadiraja Tirtha | Hayavadana | |
Sripadaraja | Ranga Vitthala | |
Jagannatha Dasa | Jagannatha Vitthala | |
Gopala Dasa | Gopala Vithala | |
Vijaya Dasa | Vijaya Vithala | |
Purandara Dasa | Purandara Vitthala | |
Kanaka Dasa | Adi Keshava | |
Tyagaraja | Tyagaraja | |
Shyama Shastri | Shyama Krishna[27] | |
Muthuswami Dikshitar | Guruguha[2] | Guha is one of the many names of Murugan, the deity at Tirutani, the site of his first composition.[28] |
Swati Tirunal |
|
|
Bhadrachala Ramadas | Ramadasu | |
Papanasam Sivan | Ramadasan | |
Gopalakrishna Bharathi | Gopalakrishnan | |
Harikesanallur Muthiah Bhagavatar | Harikesha | |
Narayana Teertha | Narayana Teertha | |
Patnam Subramania Iyer | Venkateshwara | |
Mysore Vasudevacharya | Vasudevā | |
Mysore V. Ramarathnam | Rāma | |
M. D. Ramanathan | Varada dasa | |
M. Balamuralikrishna |
|
|
Maharajapuram Santhanam | Maharajan | |
Koteeswara Iyer | Kavi Kunjara dasa | |
Kshetrayya | Muvva Gopala | |
Sadashiva Brahmendra swami | Paramahamsa | |
Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar | Sri Vidya[29] |
References[]
- ^ Wade, Bonnie C. (1984). Khyal: Creativity Within North India's Classical Music Tradition. Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
- ^ a b Mudrā, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780195650983. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ "Royal Carpet: Glossary of Carnatic Terms M". karnatik.com. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ "Artist - Niyamat Khan 'Sadarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None". www.swarganga.org.
- ^ "Raga Shree: Close Encounters".
- ^ "Short Takes: Malkauns".
- ^ Bhattacharya, Ramprapanna (31 August 2018). "My Music Diary: Pen names of Great Composers of Hindustani Music".
- ^ "Down Memory Lane – Dilrang Academy".
- ^ Dhar, Sheila (2005). Raga'n Josh: Stories from a Musical Life. Permanent Black. p. 236. ISBN 9788178241173.
- ^ "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji ||". sites.google.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji || - Acharya Dr. Vrajotsavji". sites.google.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Bandish in Raag Jaiwanti Todi by Aarshin Karande "Gyaanrang". YouTube.
- ^ "The Bandish divide - Times of India". The Times of India.
- ^ "HM Ragamalika! - rasikas.org".
- ^ Kharwandikar, Deviprasad (2013). Mitarang. Bookmark Publications.
- ^ "The Kanada Constellation (Part 3/3)".
- ^ Music, Classical (15 July 2012). "Classical Music: Thumri".
- ^ "Two Variants of Bihag and Thirakhwa's Tabla Solo".
- ^ "Artist - Ramzan Khan 'Rangile' (Vocal), Gharana - Agra". www.swarganga.org.
- ^ "Artist - Ashok Da Ranade (Vocal), Gharana - Gwalior". www.swarganga.org.
- ^ Akademi, Sangeet Natak (2006). Sangeet Natak (Volume 40 ed.). Sangeet Natak Akademi. p. 21.
- ^ "Artist - Firoz Khan 'Adarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None". www.swarganga.org.
- ^ Kumar, Kuldeep (31 October 2013). "A maestro and a master". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
- ^ a b "Bhimpalasi Inc".
- ^ "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji ||". sites.google.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji || - Acharya Dr. Vrajotsavji". sites.google.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ Śyāma Śāstri, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780195650983. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical dictionary of the Tamils. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 236. ISBN 9780810864450.
- ^ "Navarathri - Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Compositions - Dr. PPN". www.carnatica.net.
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