Myrmecophila

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Not to be confused with Myrmecophily or Myrmecophilus.

Myrmecophila
Schomburgkia tibicinis1.jpg
Myrmecophila brysiana
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Epidendreae
Subtribe: Laeliinae
Genus: Myrmecophila
Rolfe, 1917[1][2]
Type species
Myrmecophila tibicinis
Batem., 1841

Myrmecophila is a genus of plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae. It is native to southern Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and Venezuela.[3]

Species in this genus are either epiphytic or lithophytic in their growth habit. Their slightly scented flowers are produced on pole-like growths that extend upwards from 1 to 4 meters high and take up to 4 months to develop. Several of the Schomburgkia species were transferred into the genus Myrmecophila by Robert Allen Rolfe in 1917.[1][2]

The name Myrmecophila is a derivative of the word myrmecophile and refers to the symbiotic relationship with colonies of ants that are usually found living in the large, hollowed-out, banana-like pseudobulbs. An opening in the base of each pseudobulb serves as an entrance for the ants which harvest nectar from the peduncles and flowers and forage on other plants in the community. The ants associated with Myrmecophila tibicinis pack many of the pseudobulbs with debris that includes other dead ants, a variety of insects, pieces of plant material, seeds and sand. Myrmecophila tibicinis directly utilizes minerals of the organic debris ("garbage dumps") deposited by the ants inside the hollow pseudobulbs. Since the open-canopied trees of the tropics can often be nutrient poor habitats, a small input of nutrients from insects can have a significant effect on plant survival and growth rates. Myrmecophila tibicinis can grow quite well in the absence of ants, though it is quite rare to find an uninhabited plant. The species of ant responsible for forming colonies in Myrmecophila tibicinis are as follows: Brachymyrmex, Camponotus planatus, Camponotus abdominalis, , and Crematogaster brevispinosa, , Paratrechina longicornis, , and Ectatomma tuberculatum.

Species[]

Species accepted as of June 2014:[3]

Image Name Distribution Elevation (m)
Banana orchid botanical gardens.jpg ( ex Fawc.) Nir Grand Cayman Island
Myrmecophila Brysiana.jpg Myrmecophila brysiana (Lem.) G.C.Kenn. Yucatán, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica 0 - 200
Myrmecophila christinae.jpg & Gómez-Juárez Yucatán, Belize
(Kraenzl.) G.C. Kenn. Chiapas, Guatemala
(A.Rich.) Rolfe Chiapas 25 - 550
(Lindl.) & J.L.Tapia & I.Ramírez southern Mexico
Myrmecophila humboldtii (Rchb.f) Rolfe Central America - Venezuela, Netherlands Antilles
(Rchb.f) Rolfe Cayman Islands
Schomburgkia tibicinis1 - cropped.jpg Myrmecophila tibicinis (Rchb.f) Rolfe Mexico, Central America, Venezuela 300 - 600
(Rchb.f.) G.C.Kenn. Belize, Guatemala, Honduras 360 - 1100

Natural hybrid[]

  • Carnevali, L.Ibarra & J.L.Tapia

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Govaerts, R.; et al. (2018). "Plants of the world online: Myrmecophila". Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  2. ^ a b Rolfe,R.A. 1917. Orchid Review 25: 50
  3. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

External links[]

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