National poet

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Walt Whitman, often described as the United States' national poet
Du Fu
Ferdowsi
Kazi Nazrul Islam
Shota Rustaveli
Murasaki Shikibu
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
William Shakespeare
Dante Alighieri
Miguel de Cervantes
Johan Ludvig Runeberg
Alexander Pushkin
Lydia Koidula
Muhammad Iqbal
Adam Mickiewicz
Neruda
Taras Shevchenko
Robert Burns

A national poet or national bard is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular national culture.[1] The national poet as culture hero is a long-standing symbol, to be distinguished from successive holders of a bureaucratically-appointed poet-laureate office. The idea and honoring of national poets emerged primarily during Romanticism, as a figure that helped consolidation of the nation states, as it provided validation of their ethno-linguistic groups.[1]

Most national poets are historic figures, though a few contemporary writers working in relatively new or revived national literatures are also considered "national poets." Though not formally elected, national poets play a role in shaping a country's understanding of itself.[2] Some nations may have more than one national poet; the idea of a single one is always a simplification. It has been argued that a national poet "must write poetry that closely identifies with the nation's cause – or is thought to do so",[3] with an additional assumption being that "a national poet must write in a national language".[4]

The following is a list of nations, with their associated national poets. It is not a list of sovereign states or countries, though many of the nations listed may also be such. The terms "nation" (as cultural concept), "country" (as geographical concept) and "state" (as political concept) are not synonyms.

Africa[]

Country Poet
 Algeria Si Mohand
 Angola Agostinho Neto
 Egypt Ahmed Shawqi
 Ethiopia Gibreab Teferi, Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin
 Mali Fily Dabo Sissoko
 Morocco Mohammed Awzal
 Nigeria Chinua Achebe
 Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor
 Somalia Hadrawi
 South Africa Mazisi Kunene
 Sudan Gely Abdel Rahman
 Tanzania Shaaban bin Robert[5]
 Tunisia Aboul-Qacem Echebbi

Asia[]

Country Poet
 Afghanistan Rumi, Khushal Khattak[6]
 Azerbaijan Fuzûlî, Imadaddin Nasimi, Samad Vurgun
 Bangladesh Kazi Nazrul Islam
 China Du Fu, Li Bai, Lu Xun, Luo Binwang, Wang Bo, Lu Zhaolin, Song Zhiwen, Du Shenyan, Yang Jiong, Chen Zi'ang, Zhang Jiuling, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Huangfu Ran, Wang Changling, He Zhizhang, Wang Zhihuan, Liu Zongyuan, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Du Mu, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Wang Anshi, Li Qingzhao, Yue Fei, Mi Fu, Cai Xiang, Xin Qiji, Fan Zhongyan, Fan Chengda, Yan Shu, Su Zhe, Sima Guang, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, Wen Tianxiang
 Cambodia Preah Botumthera Som, Krom Ngoy, Chuon Nath
 India Valmiki, Jhaverchand Meghani, Vedavyasa, Kalidasa, Amir Khusrau, Daagh Dehlvi, Ghalib, Mir Taqi Mir, Tulsidas, Maithili Sharan Gupt, Rabindranath Tagore, Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Subramanya Bharathi, Kuvempu, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, M. Govinda Pai, G.S. Shivarudrappa, Pradeep, Sohan Lal Dwivedi
 Indonesia Chairil Anwar
 Iran Ferdowsi, Rumi, Hafez, Attar, Abu Sa'eed, Sanai, Rudaki, Nezami Ganjavi, Saadi, Omar Khayyám, Nasir Khusraw, Vahshi Bafqi, Aref Qazvini, Nima Yooshij, Simin Behbahani, Adib Boroumand, Mohammad-Taqi Bahar, Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar, Parvin E'tesami
 Iraq Maarouf Al Rasafi
 Israel Hayim Nahman Bialik
 Japan Koizumi Yakumo, Murasaki Shikibu, Matsuo Bashō, Kobayashi Issa, Ishikawa Takuboku, Tanikawa Shuntaro
 Jordan Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal
 Kazakhstan Abai Qunanbaiuli
 North Korea Cho Ki-chon[7]
 South Korea Yun Dongju, Han Yong-un, Park Mok-wol, Jeong Cheol
 Kurdistan Khana Qubadi, Ahmad Khani, Haji Qadir Koyi, Faqi Tayran, Malaye Jaziri
 Kyrgyzstan Toktogul Satylganov
 Lebanon Kahlil Gibran, Said Akl
 Malaysia Usman Awang
 Mongolia Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj, Byambyn Rinchen, Hadaa Sendoo
 Myanmar Min Thu Wun
   Nepal Madhav Prasad Ghimire
 Pakistan Allama Muhammad Iqbal
 Palestine Mahmoud Darwish
 Philippines Francisco Balagtas
 Saudi Arabia Ghazi Abdul Rahman Al Gosaibi
 Sri Lanka Ananda Samarakoon
 Syria Nizar Qabbani
 Taiwan Loa Ho, Yu Kwang-chung, Luo Fu (poet), Yang Mu
 Tajikistan Rudaki, Ferdowsi, Saadi, Molavi, Nasir Khusraw, Sadriddin Ayni, Gulnazar Keldi
 Thailand Thammathibet, Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai, Sunthorn Phu, Vajiravudh, Thommayanti
 Turkmenistan Magtymguly Pyragy
 Uzbekistan Abdulla Oripov, Erkin Vohidov, Gʻafur Gʻulom, Mirtemir
 Vietnam Nguyễn Du, Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Hàn Mặc Tử
 Yemen Abdullah Al-Baradouni

Europe[]

Country Poet
 Albania Gjergj Fishta, Naim Frashëri
 Andorra Albert Salvadó
 Armenia Grigor Narekatsi, Sayat-Nova, Hovhannes Tumanyan, Yeghishe Charents
 Austria Franz Grillparzer, Peter Rosegger, Johann Nepomuk Nestroy
 Belarus Yanka Kupala, Yakub Kolas
 Belgium Emile Verhaeren, Maurice Maeterlinck
 Catalonia Jacint Verdaguer
 Flanders Hendrik Conscience, Guido Gezelle, Hugo Claus
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Izet Sarajlić
 Republika Srpska Aleksa Šantić
 Bulgaria Hristo Botev,[8] Ivan Vazov
 Croatia Marko Marulić, Miroslav Krleža
 Cyprus Vasilis Michaelides
 Czech Republic Karel Hynek Mácha, Božena Němcová, Jan Neruda
 Denmark Adam Oehlenschläger, Søren Kierkegaard
 Faroe Islands William Heinesen
 England Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare,[9] William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge
 Estonia Lydia Koidula, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
 Finland Eino Leino,[10] Johan Ludvig Runeberg[11]
 France Victor Hugo, Charles Baudelaire
 Georgia Shota Rustaveli
 Germany Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich von Schiller
 Gibraltar Héctor Licudi
 Greece Homer, Dionysios Solomos
 Guernsey George Métivier
 Hungary Sándor Petőfi, János Arany
 Iceland Jónas Hallgrímsson, Hallgrímur Pétursson
 Ireland Thomas Moore, William Butler Yeats, Seamus Heaney
 Isle of Man T. E. Brown
 Italy Dante Alighieri, Giosuè Carducci, Giacomo Leopardi, Ugo Foscolo, Gabriele D'Annunzio
 Latvia Rainis, Andrejs Pumpurs
 Liechtenstein Peter Kaiser
 Lithuania Kristijonas Donelaitis, Maironis
 Luxembourg Edmond de la Fontaine, Michel Rodange, Michel Lentz
 Malta Dun Karm Psaila
 Moldova Grigore Vieru
 Monaco Louis Notari
 Montenegro Petar II Petrović-Njegoš
 Netherlands Joost van den Vondel, Jacob Cats
 Friesland Gysbert Japicx (or Japiks)
 North Macedonia Kočo Racin, Georgi Pulevski and Kole Nedelkovski
 Norway Henrik Wergeland
 Poland Jan Kochanowski, Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, Zygmunt Krasiński, Cyprian Norwid
 Portugal Luís de Camões, Fernando Pessoa
 Romania Mihai Eminescu
 Russia Alexander Pushkin
 Dagestan Rasul Gamzatov
 North Ossetia-Alania Kosta Khetagurov
 San Marino Pio Chiaruzzi
 Scotland Robert Burns, Hugh MacDiarmid, Hamish Henderson, Robert Tannahill
 Serbia Petar II Petrović-Njegoš, Vladislav Petković Dis, Oskar Davičo, Desanka Maksimović (Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro)[12]
 Kosovo Din Mehmeti, Ali Podrimja
 Slovakia Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav
 Slovenia France Prešeren
 Spain Miguel de Cervantes, Lope de Vega,[1] Federico García Lorca
 Sweden Carl Michael Bellman, Gustaf Fröding, Verner von Heidenstam, Esaias Tegnér
  Switzerland Gottfried Keller, Carl Spitteler
 Turkey Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Nâzım Hikmet
 Ukraine Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Franko, Lesya Ukrainka
 Wales Dylan Thomas, Dafydd ap Gwilym

North America[]

Country Poets
 Barbados Kamau Brathwaite
 Canada Pauline Johnson, Émile Nelligan, Octave Crémazie, John McCrae, Margaret Atwood
 Quebec Gilles Vigneault, Félix Leclerc, Gaston Miron, Gérald Godin
 Cuba José Martí, Lezama Lima,[13] Nicolás Guillén[14]
 Costa Rica Aquileo J. Echeverría, Carmen Lyra
 Dominican Republic Pedro Mir
 Guatemala Miguel Ángel Asturias
 Haiti Jacques Roumain
 Jamaica Claude McKay
 Mexico Ramón López Velarde, Octavio Paz
 Nicaragua Rubén Darío
 Panama Ricardo Miró[15]
 Saint Lucia Derek Walcott[16]
 Puerto Rico Julia de Burgos,[17] Giannina Braschi[18]
 United States Walt Whitman,[19][20] Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, Langston Hughes, Maya Angelou, Gwendolyn Brooks[21]

Oceania[]

Country Poets
 Australia Henry Lawson, Adam Lindsay Gordon, Dorothea Mackellar, A. B. "Banjo" Paterson
 New Zealand James K. Baxter, Allen Curnow

South America[]

Country Poets
 Argentina José Hernández,[22]Jorge Luis Borges, Leopoldo Lugones
 Brazil Gonçalves Dias, Olavo Bilac, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Machado de Assis
 Chile Pablo Neruda, Gabriela Mistral[23]
 Colombia Rafael Pombo, José Asunción Silva
 Ecuador José Joaquín de Olmedo, Jorge Enrique Adoum
 Peru César Vallejo
 Suriname Trefossa
 Uruguay Juan Zorrilla de San Martín
 Venezuela Rómulo Gallegos, Andrés Eloy Blanco

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c Nemoianu, Virgil (2002). Esterhammer, Angela (ed.). "'National Poets' in the Romantic Age: Emergence and Importance." Romantic Poetry. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 537. ISBN 9789027234506.
  2. ^ "Our National Poets," Ricardo Blanco, Academy of American Poets, 2020. https://poets.org/our-national-poets
  3. ^ John Neubauer, "Figures of National Poets", in Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, eds., Figures of National Poets (2004), p. 11.
  4. ^ Michael Baron, Language and Relationship in Wordsworth's Writing (1995), p. 13.
  5. ^ J. Cameron; W. A. Dodd (17 May 2014). Society, Schools and Progress in Tanzania: The Commonwealth and International Library: Education and Educational Research. Elsevier Science. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-1-4831-5914-0.
  6. ^ Morgenstierne, G. (1960). "Khushhal Khan—the national poet of the Afghans". Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society. 47: 49–57. doi:10.1080/03068376008731684.
  7. ^ 기획 기사 [9.9절 방북취재-6]<백두산은 역시 혁명의 성산> (in Korean). Korean American National Coordinating Council. 23 September 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  8. ^ Hristo Botev’s birth anniversary Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, Radio Bulgaria History and Religion, posted January 6, 2007, updated on January 12, 2007, accessed 9 March 2007
  9. ^ Michael Dobson (17 November 1994), The Making of the National Poet - Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship, 1660-1769, Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-818323-5
  10. ^ "Kansallisrunoilija pelkäsi kansaa", Yleisradio (in Finnish), Helsinki: Yleisradio, 2017, retrieved 2021-02-07
  11. ^ "kansallisrunoilija", Kielitoimiston sanakirja (in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus, 2020, retrieved 2021-02-07
  12. ^ Balazsr2=Michal Kopecek (1 November 2006). National Romanticism: The Formation of National Movements. Central European University Press. p. 431. ISBN 978-963-7326-60-8. Characteristically, although Njegoš saw himself as a definitely Serbian poet, his epic came to be later canonized as the most important work of 'Yugoslav' literature [...]
  13. ^ "José Lezama Lima | Cuban author". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  14. ^ Foundation, Poetry (December 25, 2020). "Nicolás Guillén". Poetry Foundation.
  15. ^ Daniel Balderston, Mike (2004). Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Literature, 1900-2003. Routledge. p. 666. ISBN 0-415-30687-6.
  16. ^ Cole, Teju (February 21, 2014). "Poet of the Caribbean (Published 2014)" – via NYTimes.com.
  17. ^ "Overlooked No More: Julia de Burgos, a Poet Who Helped Shape Puerto Rico's Identity (Published 2018)". May 3, 2018 – via NYTimes.com.
  18. ^ Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi. Pittsburgh, 2020. ISBN 9780822946182
  19. ^ Nathanael O'Reilly, "Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of 'Leaves of Grass'", Irish Journal of American Studies.
  20. ^ O'Reilly, Nathanael (2009). "Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of Leaves of Grass". Irish Journal of American Studies. 1: 1–9. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  21. ^ Foundation, Poetry (December 25, 2020). "Gwendolyn Brooks". Poetry Foundation.
  22. ^ James Woodall, Borges: A Life, Basic Books (1996). ISBN 0-465-04361-5. Relevant excerpt available on the New York Times web site, accessed 9 March 2007.
  23. ^ "Gabriela Mistral". National Women's History Museum.

Further reading[]

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