Neorickettsia helminthoeca

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Neorickettsia helminthoeca
Scientific classification edit
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Alphaproteobacteria
Order: Rickettsiales
Family: Anaplasmataceae
Genus: Neorickettsia
Species:
N. helminthoeca
Binomial name
Neorickettsia helminthoeca
Philip et al. 1953
Synonyms
  • Neorickettsia hemintheca [sic] Philip et al. 1953

Neorickettsia helminthoeca is a bacterium in the Neorickettsia genus that causes Salmon poisoning disease.[1]

Salmon poisoning disease[]

Salmon poisoning disease (SPD) is a fatal disease of dogs and other canids caused by a rickettsial bacterium, Neorickettsia helminthoeca.[2] It results from eating raw salmon, trout, or salamander and is common in the Pacific Northwest. These fish and amphibians are infected with the larvae of a fluke, Nanophyetus salmincola through an intermediate host, the snail [citation needed]. The larvae attaches to the intestine of the dog and the rickettsial bacteria are released, causing severe gastrointestinal disease and systemic infection.

, carried by the same fluke, causes a similar disease known as Elokomin fluke fever (EFF) in canids, bears, raccoons, and ferrets.[3]

Symptoms[]

Symptoms of SPD begin about one week after eating the salmon and include vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, depression, high fever, and enlarged lymph nodes. Untreated, mortality reaches 90 percent.[4] Death occurs seven to ten days after symptoms begin.[2]

EFF has less severe symptoms than SPD, with less gastrointestinal signs and more lymph node involvement. The mortality in untreated cases is about 10 percent.[3]

A similar disease has been identified in Brazil.[5]

Diagnosis[]

Diagnosis is through finding the fluke eggs microscopically in a stool sample. A needle aspiration biopsy of an enlarged lymph node will reveal rickettsial organisms within macrophages in many cases.[6] The rickettsial infection can be successfully treated with tetracycline, and the fluke infection can be treated with fenbendazole.

References[]

  1. ^ Headley, Selwyn Arlington; Scorpio, Diana G.; Vidotto, Odilon; Dumler, J. Stephen (1 February 2011). "Neorickettsia helminthoeca and salmon poisoning disease: a review". Veterinary Journal (London, England: 1997). 187 (2): 165–173. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.11.019. PMID 20044285.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Ettinger, Stephen J.; Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 978-0-7216-6795-9.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b "Salmon Poisoning Disease and Elokomin Fluke Fever". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2016. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  4. ^ Lobetti, Remo (2006). "Infectious Diseases of the GI Tract" (PDF). Proceedings of the 31st World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  5. ^ Headley S, Vidotto O, Scorpio D, Dumler J, Mankowski J (2004). "Suspected cases of Neorickettsia-like organisms in Brazilian dogs". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1026 (1): 79–83. Bibcode:2004NYASA1026...79H. doi:10.1196/annals.1307.010. PMID 15604473. S2CID 22480604.
  6. ^ Johns J, Strasser J, Zinkl J, Christopher M (2006). "Lymph node aspirate from a California wine-country dog". Vet Clin Pathol. 35 (2): 243–6. doi:10.1111/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00123.x. PMID 16783722.
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