New Year's Six

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
New Year's Six
In operation2014–present
Preceded byBCS (19982013)
Bowl Alliance (19951997)
Bowl Coalition (19921994)
Number of New Year's Six games6 plus the National Championship game
Television partner(s)ESPN (2014–present)
Most New Year's Six appearancesAlabama (9)
Most New Year's Six winsAlabama (9)
Most New Year's Six championshipsAlabama (3)
Conference with most appearancesSEC (24)
Conference with most game winsSEC (20)
Conference with most championshipsSEC (4)
Last championship gameJanuary 10, 2022
Current championGeorgia
A break in play during the 2017 edition of the Cotton Bowl Classic, one of the New Year's Six

The New Year's Six, sometimes abbreviated as NY6, is an unofficial but commonly used term used to describe NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) bowl games: the Rose Bowl, Sugar Bowl, Orange Bowl, Cotton Bowl, Peach Bowl, and Fiesta Bowl. These games are played annually on or around New Year's Day and represent six of the ten oldest bowl games currently played at the FBS level.

These six top-tier bowl games rotate the hosting of the two College Football Playoff (CFP) semifinal games, which determine the teams that play in the final College Football Playoff National Championship game.[1] The rotation is set on a three-year cycle with the following pairings: Rose–Sugar, Orange–Cotton, and Fiesta–Peach. The National Championship game may be considered part of the New Year's Six, depending on context.

Using the final CFP rankings, the selection committee seeds and pairs the top four teams and determines the participants for the other four non-playoff New Year's Six bowls that are not hosting the semifinals that year. These four non-playoff bowls are also referred to as the Selection Committee bowl games. These 6 games focus on the top 12 teams in the rankings; to date during the College Football Playoff era (2014–2020 football seasons), only 9 of the 84 teams selected by the committee have been ranked lower than 12th.

Overall, 12 teams are selected each football season for these major, top-tier bowls. These are required to include the champions of the "Power Five" conferences (ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, Pac-12, and SEC). In addition, the highest-ranked champion from the "Group of Five" conferences (The American, Conference USA, MAC, Mountain West, and Sun Belt) is guaranteed a berth if the group's top team is not in the playoff.[2]

History leading to the creation of the CFP[]

The Bowl Championship Series (BCS) was a selection system that created five bowl game match-ups involving ten of the top ranked teams in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of college football, including an opportunity for the top two teams to compete in the BCS National Championship Game. The system was in place for the 1998 through 2013 seasons and in 2014 was replaced by the College Football Playoff. The four-team playoffs consist of two semifinal games, with the winners advancing to the College Football Playoff National Championship. If New Year's Day falls on a Sunday, the traditional New Year's Day games are played on January 2 in deference to the National Football League's week 17 games.

In June 2012, the BCS conference presidents approved the College Football Playoff to replace the Bowl Championship Series.[2] Three bowls—Rose, Sugar, and Orange—because of their contracts with Power 5 conferences, were selected to be part of the rotating semifinal playoff games, with three more bowls to be named.[1] Because of issues about fairness and the Big East's BCS Automatic Qualifier conference status, conference commissioners began to consider accommodating the Group of Five leagues with a seventh participating bowl. On November 12, 2012, in Denver, the conference commissioners granted the top Group of Five conference champion a guaranteed slot in one of the six premier bowls.[2] In July 2013, the Cotton Bowl Classic, the Fiesta Bowl, and the Chick-fil-A Bowl were selected as the other three rotating semifinal playoff bowls ahead of the Holiday Bowl. Also, the BCS conference commissioners meetings selected Cowboys Stadium as the first host of the College Football Playoff Championship Game on January 12, 2015.[1]

Bowl game conference tie-ins[]

Three of the bowls have tie-ins with the specified conference champions in the years they're not hosting playoff semifinals:

  • Rose Bowl: Big Ten vs. Pac-12[3]
  • Sugar Bowl: SEC vs. Big 12[2]
  • Orange Bowl: ACC vs. Big Ten, SEC, or Notre Dame[4]

When the conference champion is unavailable, the bowls invite the next-best team from that conference. The Cotton,[1] Fiesta,[3] and Peach Bowls have no conference tie-ins;[3] as such, the best conference champion from the Group of Five ends up in one of those bowls if it doesn't end up in a playoff semifinal.[2]

History and schedule[]

Games are listed in chronological order, with final CFP rankings, and win–loss records prior to the respective bowl being played.

2014 season[]

Day Date Bowl City Winning team Losing team
Wednesday December 31, 2014 Peach Bowl Atlanta, GA No. 6 TCU (11–1) 42 No. 9 Ole Miss (9–3) 3
Wednesday December 31, 2014 Fiesta Bowl Glendale, AZ No. 20 Boise State (11–2) 38 No. 10 Arizona (10–3) 30
Wednesday December 31, 2014 Orange Bowl Miami Gardens, FL No. 12 Georgia Tech (10–3) 49 No. 7 Mississippi State (10–2) 34
Thursday January 1, 2015 Cotton Bowl Classic Arlington, TX No. 8 Michigan State (10–2) 42 No. 5 Baylor (11–1) 41
Thursday January 1, 2015 (CFP Semifinal) Rose Bowl Pasadena, CA No. 2 Oregon (12–1) 59 No. 3 Florida State (13–0) 20
Thursday January 1, 2015 (CFP Semifinal) Sugar Bowl New Orleans, LA No. 4 Ohio State (12–1) 42 No. 1 Alabama (12–1) 35
Monday January 12, 2015 National Championship Game Arlington, TX No. 4 Ohio State (13–1) 42 No. 2 Oregon (13–1) 20

2015 season[]

Day Date Bowl City Winning team Losing team
Thursday December 31, 2015 Peach Bowl Atlanta, GA No. 18 Houston (12–1) 38 No. 9 Florida State (10–2) 24
Thursday December 31, 2015 (CFP Semifinal) Orange Bowl Miami Gardens, FL No. 1 Clemson (13–0) 37 No. 4 Oklahoma (11–1) 17
Thursday December 31, 2015 (CFP Semifinal) Cotton Bowl Classic Arlington, TX No. 2 Alabama (12–1) 38 No. 3 Michigan State (12–1) 0
Friday January 1, 2016 Fiesta Bowl Glendale, AZ No. 7 Ohio State (11–1) 44 No. 8 Notre Dame (10–2) 28
Friday January 1, 2016 Rose Bowl Pasadena, CA No. 6 Stanford (11–2) 45 No. 5 Iowa (12–1) 16
Friday January 1, 2016 Sugar Bowl New Orleans, LA No. 12 Ole Miss (9–3) 48 No. 16 Oklahoma State (10–2) 20
Monday January 11, 2016 National Championship Game Glendale, AZ No. 2 Alabama (13–1) 45 No. 1 Clemson (14–0) 40

2016 season[]

Day Date Bowl City Winning team Losing team
Friday December 30, 2016 Orange Bowl Miami Gardens, FL No. 11 Florida State (9–3) 33 No. 6 Michigan (10–2) 32
Saturday December 31, 2016 (CFP Semifinal) Peach Bowl Atlanta, GA No. 1 Alabama (13–0) 24 No. 4 Washington (12–1) 7
Saturday December 31, 2016 (CFP Semifinal) Fiesta Bowl Glendale, AZ No. 2 Clemson (12–1) 31 No. 3 Ohio State (11–1) 0
Monday January 2, 2017 Cotton Bowl Classic Arlington, TX No. 8 Wisconsin (10–3) 24 No. 15 Western Michigan (13–0) 16
Monday January 2, 2017 Rose Bowl Pasadena, CA No. 9 USC (9–3) 52 No. 5 Penn State (11–2) 49
Monday January 2, 2017 Sugar Bowl New Orleans, LA No. 7 Oklahoma (10–2) 35 No. 14 Auburn (8–4) 19
Monday January 9, 2017 National Championship Game Tampa, FL No. 2 Clemson (13–1) 35 No. 1 Alabama (14–0) 31

2017 season[]

Day Date Bowl City Winning team Losing team
Friday December 29, 2017 Cotton Bowl Classic Arlington, TX No. 5 Ohio State (11–2) 24 No. 8 USC (11–2) 7
Saturday December 30, 2017 Fiesta Bowl Glendale, AZ No. 9 Penn State (10–2) 35 No. 11 Washington (10–2) 28
Saturday December 30, 2017 Orange Bowl Miami Gardens, FL No. 6 Wisconsin (12–1) 34 No. 10 Miami (FL) (10–2) 24
Monday January 1, 2018 Peach Bowl Atlanta, GA No. 12 UCF (12–0) 34 No. 7 Auburn (10–3) 27
Monday January 1, 2018 (CFP Semifinal) Rose Bowl Pasadena, CA No. 3 Georgia (12–1) 54 No. 2 Oklahoma (12–1) 482OT
Monday January 1, 2018 (CFP Semifinal) Sugar Bowl New Orleans, LA No. 4 Alabama (11–1) 24 No. 1 Clemson (12–1) 6
Monday January 8, 2018 National Championship Game Atlanta, GA No. 4 Alabama (12–1) 26 No. 3 Georgia (13–1) 23OT

2018 season[]

Day Date Bowl City Winning team Losing team
Saturday December 29, 2018 Peach Bowl Atlanta, GA No. 10 Florida (9–3) 41 No. 7 Michigan (10–2) 15
Saturday December 29, 2018 (CFP Semifinal) Cotton Bowl Classic Arlington, TX No. 2 Clemson (13–0) 30 No. 3 Notre Dame (12–0) 3
Saturday December 29, 2018 (CFP Semifinal) Orange Bowl Miami Gardens, FL No. 1 Alabama (13–0) 45 No. 4 Oklahoma (12–1) 34
Tuesday January 1, 2019 Fiesta Bowl Glendale, AZ No. 11 LSU (9–3) 40 No. 8 UCF (12–0) 32
Tuesday January 1, 2019 Rose Bowl Pasadena, CA No. 6 Ohio State (12–1) 28 No. 9 Washington (10–3) 23
Tuesday January 1, 2019 Sugar Bowl New Orleans, LA No. 15 Texas (9–4) 28 No. 5 Georgia (11–2) 21
Monday January 7, 2019 National Championship Game Santa Clara, CA No. 2 Clemson (14–0) 44 No. 1 Alabama (14–0) 16

2019 season[]

Day Date Bowl City Winning team Losing team
Saturday December 28, 2019 Cotton Bowl Classic Arlington, TX No. 10 Penn State (10–2) 53 No. 17 Memphis (12–1) 39
Saturday December 28, 2019 (CFP Semifinal) Peach Bowl Atlanta, GA No. 1 LSU (13–0) 63 No. 4 Oklahoma (12–1) 28
Saturday December 28, 2019 (CFP Semifinal) Fiesta Bowl Glendale, AZ No. 3 Clemson (13–0) 29 No. 2 Ohio State (13–0) 23
Monday December 30, 2019 Orange Bowl Miami Gardens, FL No. 9 Florida (10–2) 36 No. 24 Virginia (9–4) 28
Wednesday January 1, 2020 Rose Bowl Pasadena, CA No. 6 Oregon (11–2) 28 No. 8 Wisconsin (10–3) 27
Wednesday January 1, 2020 Sugar Bowl New Orleans, LA No. 5 Georgia (11–2) 26 No. 7 Baylor (11–2) 14
Monday January 13, 2020 National Championship Game New Orleans, LA No. 1 LSU (14–0) 42 No. 3 Clemson (14–0) 25

Source:[5][6]

2020 season[]

Day Date Bowl City Winning team Losing team
Wednesday December 30, 2020 Cotton Bowl Classic Arlington, TX No. 6 Oklahoma (8–2) 55 No. 7 Florida (8–3) 20
Friday January 1, 2021 Peach Bowl Atlanta, GA No. 9 Georgia (7–2) 24 No. 8 Cincinnati (9–0) 21
Friday January 1, 2021 (CFP Semifinal) Rose Bowl Arlington, TX No. 1 Alabama (11–0) 31 No. 4 Notre Dame (10–1) 14
Friday January 1, 2021 (CFP Semifinal) Sugar Bowl New Orleans, LA No. 3 Ohio State (6–0) 49 No. 2 Clemson (10–1) 28
Saturday January 2, 2021 Orange Bowl Miami Gardens, FL No. 5 Texas A&M (8–1) 41 No. 13 North Carolina (8–3) 27
Saturday January 2, 2021 Fiesta Bowl Glendale, AZ No. 10 Iowa State (8–3) 34 No. 25 Oregon (4–2) 17
Monday January 11, 2021 National Championship Game Miami Gardens, FL No. 1 Alabama (12–0) 52 No. 3 Ohio State (7–0) 24

Source:[7]

2021 season[]

Day Date Bowl City Winning team Losing team
Thursday December 30, 2021 Peach Bowl Atlanta, GA No. 10 Michigan State (10–2) 31 No. 12 Pittsburgh (11–2) 21
Friday December 31, 2021 (CFP Semifinal) Cotton Bowl Classic Arlington, TX No. 1 Alabama (12–1) 27 No. 4 Cincinnati (13–0) 6
Friday December 31, 2021 (CFP Semifinal) Orange Bowl Miami Gardens, FL No. 3 Georgia (12–1) 34 No. 2 Michigan (12–1) 11
Saturday January 1, 2022 Fiesta Bowl Glendale, AZ No. 9 Oklahoma State (11–2) 37 No. 5 Notre Dame (11–1) 35
Saturday January 1, 2022 Rose Bowl Pasadena, CA No. 6 Ohio State (10–2) 48 No. 11 Utah (10–3) 45
Saturday January 1, 2022 Sugar Bowl New Orleans, LA No. 7 Baylor (11–2) 21 No. 8 Ole Miss (10–2) 7
Monday January 10, 2022 National Championship Game Indianapolis, IN No.3 Georgia (13–1) 33 No. 1 Alabama (13–1) 18

Future games[]

Season (bowl games) Cotton Orange Fiesta Peach Rose Sugar Championship (site)
2022 (2022–23) January 2 December 30 December 31dagger December 31dagger January 2 January 2 January 9 (Los Angeles, CA)
2023 (2023–24) January 1 December 30 December 30 December 29 January 1dagger January 1dagger January 8 (Houston, TX)
2024 (2024–25) December 28dagger December 28dagger December 30 December 28 January 1 January 1 January 6 (Las Vegas, NV)
2025 (2025–26) December 27 December 30 December 27dagger December 27dagger January 1 January 1 January 5 (Miami, FL)

dagger Denotes CFP semifinal games
Source:[8]

New Year's Six bowl appearances[]

New Year's Six performance[]

New Year's Six bowl appearances by team[]

App Games School W L Pct Game(s) won Game(s) lost
8 10 Ohio State 7 3 .700 2015 Sugar Bowl+
2015 College Football Playoff National Championship
2016 Fiesta Bowl (January 2016)
2017 Cotton Bowl (December 2017)
2019 Rose Bowl
2021 Sugar Bowl+
2022 Rose Bowl
2016 Fiesta Bowl+ (December 2016)
2019 Fiesta Bowl+ (December 2019)
2021 College Football Playoff National Championship
7 13 Alabama 9 4 .692 2015 Cotton Bowl+ (December 2015)
2016 College Football Playoff National Championship
2016 Peach Bowl+
2018 Sugar Bowl+
2018 College Football Playoff National Championship
2018 Orange Bowl+
2021 Rose Bowl+
2021 College Football Playoff National Championship
2021 Cotton Bowl+
2015 Sugar Bowl+
2017 College Football Playoff National Championship
2019 College Football Playoff National Championship
2022 College Football Playoff National Championship
6 10 Clemson 6 4 .600 2015 Orange Bowl+
2016 Fiesta Bowl+ (December 2016)
2017 College Football Playoff National Championship
2018 Cotton Bowl+
2019 College Football Playoff National Championship
2019 Fiesta Bowl+ (December 2019)
2016 College Football Playoff National Championship
2018 Sugar Bowl+
2020 College Football Playoff National Championship
2021 Sugar Bowl+
6 6 Oklahoma 2 4 .333 2017 Sugar Bowl
2020 Cotton Bowl
2015 Orange Bowl+
2018 Rose Bowl+
2018 Orange Bowl+
2019 Peach Bowl+
5 7 Georgia 5 2 .714 2018 Rose Bowl+
2020 Sugar Bowl
2021 Peach Bowl (January 2021)
2021 Orange Bowl+ (December 2021)
2022 College Football Playoff National Championship
2018 College Football Playoff National Championship
2019 Sugar Bowl
4 4 Notre Dame 0 4 .000   2016 Fiesta Bowl (January 2016)
2018 Cotton Bowl+
2021 Rose Bowl+
2022 Fiesta Bowl (January 2022)
3 4 Oregon 2 2 .500 2015 Rose Bowl+
2020 Rose Bowl
2015 College Football Playoff National Championship
2021 Fiesta Bowl
3 3 Florida 2 1 .667 2018 Peach Bowl (December 2018)
2019 Orange Bowl
2020 Cotton Bowl
3 3 Penn State 2 1 .667 2017 Fiesta Bowl (December 2017)
2019 Cotton Bowl
2017 Rose Bowl
3 3 Wisconsin 2 1 .667 2017 Cotton Bowl (January 2017)
2017 Orange Bowl
2020 Rose Bowl
3 3 Michigan State 2 1 .667 2015 Cotton Bowl (January 2015)
2021 Peach Bowl (December 2021)
2015 Cotton Bowl+ (December 2015)
3 3 Baylor 1 2 .333 2022 Sugar Bowl 2015 Cotton Bowl (January 2015)
2020 Sugar Bowl
3 3 Florida State 1 2 .333 2016 Orange Bowl 2015 Rose Bowl+
2015 Peach Bowl
3 3 Ole Miss 1 2 .333 2016 Sugar Bowl 2014 Peach Bowl
2022 Sugar Bowl
3 3 Washington 0 3 .000   2016 Peach Bowl+
2017 Fiesta Bowl
2019 Rose Bowl
3 3 Michigan 0 3 .000   2016 Orange Bowl
2018 Peach Bowl (December 2018)
2021 Orange Bowl+ (December 2021)
2 3 LSU 3 0 1.000 2019 Fiesta Bowl
2019 Peach Bowl+
2020 College Football Playoff National Championship
 
2 2 USC 1 1 .500 2017 Rose Bowl 2017 Cotton Bowl (December 2017)
2 2 UCF 1 1 .500 2018 Peach Bowl (January 2018) 2019 Fiesta Bowl
2 2 Oklahoma State 1 1 .500 2022 Fiesta Bowl (January 2022) 2016 Sugar Bowl
2 2 Auburn 0 2 .000   2017 Sugar Bowl
2018 Peach Bowl (January 2018)
2 2 Cincinnati 0 2 .000   2021 Peach Bowl (January 2021)
2021 Cotton Bowl+
1 1 TCU 1 0 1.000 2014 Peach Bowl  
1 1 Boise State 1 0 1.000 2014 Fiesta Bowl  
1 1 Georgia Tech 1 0 1.000 2014 Orange Bowl  
1 1 Houston 1 0 1.000 2015 Peach Bowl  
1 1 Stanford 1 0 1.000 2016 Rose Bowl  
1 1 Texas 1 0 1.000 2019 Sugar Bowl  
1 1 Texas A&M 1 0 1.000 2021 Orange Bowl (January 2021)  
1 1 Iowa State 1 0 1.000 2021 Fiesta Bowl  
1 1 Arizona 0 1 .000   2014 Fiesta Bowl
1 1 Mississippi State 0 1 .000   2014 Orange Bowl
1 1 Iowa 0 1 .000   2016 Rose Bowl
1 1 Western Michigan 0 1 .000   2017 Cotton Bowl (January 2017)
1 1 Miami 0 1 .000   2017 Orange Bowl
1 1 Memphis 0 1 .000   2019 Cotton Bowl
1 1 Virginia 0 1 .000   2019 Orange Bowl
1 1 North Carolina 0 1 .000   2021 Orange Bowl (January 2021)
1 1 Pittsburgh 0 1 .000   2021 Peach Bowl (December 2021)
1 1 Utah 0 1 .000   2022 Rose Bowl

+ Denotes CFP Semifinal

New Year's Six bowl appearances by conference[]

Conference Appearances Games W L Pct # Schools School(s)
SEC 24 33 21 12 .636 8 Alabama 13 (9–4)
Georgia 7 (5–2)
LSU 3 (3–0)
Florida 3 (2–1)
Ole Miss 3 (1–2)
Auburn 2 (0–2)
Texas A&M 1 (1-0)
Mississippi State 1 (0–1)
Big Ten 21 23 13 10 .583 6 Ohio State 10 (7–3)
Michigan State 3 (2–1)
Penn State 3 (2–1)
Wisconsin 3 (2–1)
Michigan 3 (0–3)
Iowa 1 (0–1)
ACC 15 19 8 11 .421 8 Clemson 10 (6–4)
Florida State 3 (1–2)
Georgia Tech 1 (1–0)
Miami (FL) 1 (0–1)
Virginia 1 (0–1)
Notre Dame* 1 (0–1)
North Carolina 1 (0–1)
Pittsburgh 1 (0–1)
Big 12 14 14 7 7 .500 6 Oklahoma 6 (2–4)
Baylor 3 (1–2)
TCU 1 (1–0)
Texas 1 (1–0)
Oklahoma State 2 (1–1)
Iowa State 1 (1–0)
Pac-12 11 12 4 8 .333 6 Oregon 4 (2–2)
Washington 3 (0–3)
USC 2 (1–1)
Stanford 1 (1–0)
Arizona 1 (0–1)
Utah 1 (0–1)
American 6 6 2 4 .333 4 UCF 2 (1–1)
Cincinnati 2 (0–2)
Houston 1 (1–0)
Memphis 1 (0–1)
Independent 3 3 0 3 .000 1 Notre Dame* 3 (0–3)
Mountain West 1 1 1 0 1.000 1 Boise State 1 (1–0)
MAC 1 1 0 1 .000 1 Western Michigan 1 (0–1)

Conference USA and Sun Belt Conference have never appeared in the New Year's Six.
* In 2020, Notre Dame played as part of the ACC Conference due to COVID-19

College Football Playoff appearances and performances[]

College Football Playoff performance[]

College Football Playoff National Championship appearances[]

College Football Playoff National Championship appearances by team[]

Appearances Team Wins Losses Win % Season(s) won Season(s) lost
6 Alabama 3 3 .500 2015, 2017, 2020 2016, 2018, 2021
4 Clemson 2 2 .500 2016, 2018 2015, 2019
2 Georgia 1 1 .500 2021 2017
2 Ohio State 1 1 .500 2014 2020
1 LSU 1 0 1.000 2019  
1 Oregon 0 1 .000   2014

College Football Playoff National Championship appearances by conference[]

Conference Appearances Wins Losses Win Pct # Teams Team(s) Title seasons
SEC 9 5 4 .556 3 Alabama 6 (3–3)
Georgia 2 (1–1)
LSU 1 (1–0)
2015, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021
ACC 4 2 2 .500 1 Clemson 4 (2–2) 2016, 2018
Big Ten 2 1 1 .500 1 Ohio State 2 (1–1) 2014
Pac-12 1 0 1 .000 1 Oregon 1 (0–1)  

The Big 12 Conference and the "Group of Five" conferences have never appeared in the CFP National Championship.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d Staff reports (July 22, 2013). "Sources: 'New Year's Six' likely the working title for College Football Playoff's six bowl games". Dallas Morning News. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e Stewart Mandel (12 November 2012). "Stewart Mandel: Big East, rest of 'Group of Five' score victory with six-bowl decision". SI.com. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  3. ^ a b c McMann, Aaron (November 30, 2018). "Michigan's bowl destination hinges on Ohio State and the playoff". Flint Journal. MLive Media Group. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  4. ^ Daily Press (15 November 2012). "Teel Time: ACC, Orange Bowl announce ties with SEC, Big Ten, Notre Dame, ESPN". dailypress.com. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  5. ^ "2019-2020 College Football Playoff, New Year's Six, Bowl Schedule, Conference Matchups". CollegeFootballNews.com. January 14, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
  6. ^ "86th Capital One Orange Bowl now Scheduled for Primetime". orangebowl.org (Press release). May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  7. ^ "College Football Bowl Schedule 2020". fbschedules.com. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  8. ^ "Dates Announced for College Football Playoff Games Through 2026". collegefootballplayoff.com (Press release). August 30, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2019.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""