Nilde Iotti
Nilde Iotti | |
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President of the Chamber of Deputies | |
In office 20 June 1979 – 22 April 1992 | |
Preceded by | Pietro Ingrao |
Succeeded by | Oscar Luigi Scalfaro |
Member of the Chamber of Deputies | |
In office 8 May 1948 – 4 December 1999 | |
Constituency | Parma (1948–1958) Bologna (1958–1968) Parma (1968–1994) Marche (1994–1999) |
Member of the Constituent Assembly | |
In office 25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948 | |
Constituency | Parma |
Personal details | |
Born | Reggio Emilia, Italy | 10 April 1920
Died | 4 December 1999 Rome, Italy | (aged 79)
Nationality | Italian |
Political party | PCI (1943–1991) PDS (1991–1998) DS (1998–1999) |
Domestic partner | Palmiro Togliatti (1946–1964) |
Alma mater | Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore |
Profession | Politician Teacher |
Website | Nilde Iotti Foundation |
Leonilde Iotti, commonly known as Nilde Iotti (Italian pronunciation: [ˈnilde ˈjɔtti]; 10 April 1920 – 4 December 1999) was an Italian politician, member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). She was the first woman and only member of the PCI to become President of the Chamber of Deputies, an office she held for three consecutive legislatures from 1979 to 1992, becoming the longest-serving post-war President of the Chamber.
Early life[]
Nilde Iotti was born in Reggio Emilia in 1920; her father Egidio was a railroader and a socialist trade unionist, fired by the railway company due to his political commitment. In 1934, her father died, but, thanks to a scholarship, she attended the Catholic University of Milan, graduating in Literature in 1942. At the university, she had, among her professors, Amintore Fanfani, future Christian democratic leader and Prime Minister.[1] On 5 October 1942, Iotti became a member of the National Fascist Party (PNF) within the Federation of Female Fascists of Reggio Emilia, as the fascist membership was a necessary condition to become a teacher.[2]
After Benito Mussolini's downfall in July 1943 and Pietro Badoglio's proclamation on September 8, which caused the beginning of the civil war, Iotti became interested in communist ideals and took part in the resistance movement against the Nazi German invaders during World War II.[3]
Political career[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Togliatti_Iotti.jpg/220px-Togliatti_Iotti.jpg)
After the end of the war and the referendum against the Savoy Monarchy, in 1946, Iotti was elected member of the Constituent Assembly, within the Italian Communist Party (PCI). She was also one of the 75 members of the Committee entrusted with the drafting of the Italian Republican Constitution.
In the same year, Iotti started her relationship with the communist leader, Palmiro Togliatti, 27 years older than her, which lasted until his death in 1964. Their relationship, which was kept secret in the early years, became of public domain in 1948, after an attempt on Togliatti's life, a few days after the general election. Their love was quite opposed by Italy's public opinion, including many communists, because Togliatti was already married to Rita Montagnana at the time. However, Togliatti forced his wife Rita and their son Aldo, who was mentally ill, to live in Moscow, so he could continue his relationship with Iotti. Together they asked for and obtained the adoption of an orphan girl, Marisa Malagoli, the younger sister of one of the six workers killed by Carabinieri on 9 January 1950, in Modena, during a workers' demonstration.[4]
In April 1948 Iotti was re-elected with the PCI to the Chamber of Deputies, of which she was a member without interruption until 1999. In 1956, she became a member of the Central Committee of the Party and in 1962 of the National Direction. Re-elected to the Chamber in 1963, she was appointed in the Constitutional Affairs Commission, focusing her activity on the relevance of the female role in the world of work and family relationships. In the following years, her main commitment turned out to be the reform on civil rights, as the right to divorce. She was particularly involved in the campaign for the 1974 divorce referendum.
After 1979 election, thanks to the support of PCI's historic rival, the Christian Democracy (DC), Iotti became President of the Chamber of Deputies, with 443 votes out of 615. She succeeded another communist, Pietro Ingrao. Iotti focused her first speech in front of the house on women's role in society as well as the fight against terrorism.
Iotti was popular and respected as a president, and was confirmed in the office for two more legislatures. In 1987, she was entrusted by President Francesco Cossiga with a mandate of potentially forming a government. She became the first communist and the first woman to have ever received an exploratory mandate to become Prime Minister of Italy; however, Iotti was not able to form a coalition.[5]
In 1992, Iotti's name was put forth for the election of the President of the Italian Republic.
Personal life[]
She was an atheist.[6]
Death[]
She died in Rome on 4 December 1999 and she is buried in the Cimitero del Verano.
Electoral history[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b Elected in a closed list proportional representation system.
Notes[]
- 1920 births
- 1999 deaths
- People from Reggio Emilia
- Italian atheists
- Italian Communist Party politicians
- Democratic Party of the Left politicians
- Democrats of the Left politicians
- Members of the Constituent Assembly of Italy
- Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)
- Deputies of Legislature I of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature II of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature III of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature IV of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature V of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature VI of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature VII of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature VIII of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature IX of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature X of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XI of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XII of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XIII of Italy
- Candidates for President of Italy
- Politicians of Emilia-Romagna
- 20th-century Italian women politicians
- Women legislative speakers
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore alumni
- Italian anti-fascists
- Italian resistance movement members
- Burials at Campo Verano