Nimmi Ramanujam

Nimmi Ramanujan
Education	University of Texas at Austin (PhD)
Known for	Inventing the pocket colposcope and callascope Cancer screening technology WISH Revolution program Design-based STEM program, Ignite
Awards	Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, Optical Society of America SPIE, National Academy of Inventors, and Fulbright Program: TR100 Award (MIT), Global Indus Technovator Award (MIT), Era of Hope Scholar Award (DOD), Stasnell Research Award (Duke University), Emerging Leader Award (), WIMIN Leadership Award (WIMIC), Social Impact Abie Award,[1] 2020 SPIE Biophotonics Technology Innovator Award (SPIE) [2]
Scientific career
Fields	Biomedical engineering Biophotonics Women's cancers Global health
Institutions	Duke University
Website	bme.duke.edu/faculty/nimmi-ramanujam globalwomenshealthtechnologies.com

Nimmi Ramanujam is the Robert W. Carr Professor of Biomedical Engineering, and a faculty member in the Global Health Institute and the Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biology at Duke University.^[3] She is the director of the Center of Global Women's Health Technologies (GWHT) and founder of Zenalux Biomedical Inc. and Calla Health^[4] Ramanujam has spent the last two decades developing precision diagnostics and more recently precision therapeutics for breast and cervical cancer, with a focus on addressing global health disparities.^[5] She has more than 20 patents and over 150 publications for screening, diagnostic, and surgical applications, and has raised over $30M of funding to pursue these innovations through a variety of funding mechanisms, including NIH R01s and R21s,^[6][7] NIH Bioengineering Partnerships, NCI Academic Industry Partnerships, NIH Small Business grants and USAID funding.^[8] As the founding director of the Center for Global Women's Health Technologies at Duke University, she has developed a consortium of over 50+ partners including international academic institutions and hospitals, non-governmental organizations, ministries of health, and commercial partners;^[9] this consortium is working to ensure that the technologies developed at the center are adopted by cancer control programs in geographically and economically diverse healthcare settings.^[10]

Research and career[]

Ramanujam's research on women's cancers has centered on translational and laboratory research of relevance to breast and cervical cancer.^[11][12] While her guiding principles are similar across breast and cervical cancer, the technical challenges needed to tackle these cancers are inherently different. In the case of cervical cancer prevention, her focus is to develop strategies that reduce attrition to treatment including early screening and diagnostics.^[13] In the breast cancer care cascade, clinical care has principally pivoted towards a focus on how to inform the effectiveness of cancer therapy whether it is surgery or systemic therapy, and that is where she has focused her efforts via molecular and metabolic imaging.^[14] A third area in her research program focuses on low cost ablative strategies for local control of cancer in resource limited settings.^[15] She has also created two companies Zenalux^[16] and Calla Health^[17] to commercialize her breast and cervical imaging products, respectively. Additionally, she has created three social innovations programs, WISH to impact cervical cancer prevention in low resource settings, IGNITE to scale social innovation education to students globally and the Calla Campaign to bridge inequities in sexual and reproductive health inequities through story-telling and art.^[18]

She has received recognition for her work through the TR100 Young Innovator Award from MIT, the Global Indus Technovator award from MIT, Era of Hope Scholar awards from the DOD, the Stasnell Family award from the Pratt School of Engineering at Duke, the Emerging Leader in Global Health Award from the Consortium of Universities in Global Health, the Social Impact Abie Award from AnitaB.org, the Biophotonics Technology Innovator Award from the International Society for Optics and Photonics, and the Women in Molecular Imaging Leadership Award (WIMIN) from the World Molecular Imaging Congress (WMIC).^[19] She is a fellow of several optical and biomedical engineering societies including OSA, SPIE and AIMBE. She has also been elected to the National Academy of Inventors and is a Fulbright fellow.^[20] She is co-editor of the Handbook of Biomedical Optics.^[21] She has presented the global impact of her work at the United Nations. She has been a TedX speaker.^[22]

Honors and awards[]

Ramanujam has won numerous awards including:

• MIT TR100 Award, 2003
• MIT Indus Technovator Award, 2005
• DOD Era of Hope Scholar award, 2005
• DOD Era of Hope Research Scholar award, 2009
• Fellow of the Optical Society of America, 2009
• Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE), 2012
• Fellow of SPIE,^[23] 2013
• Robert W. Carr Jr., Professor of Engineering, Duke University, 2014
• National Academy of Inventors Fellow, 2017
• Emerging Global Health Leader, Consortium of the Universities of Global Health, 2017
• Social Impact Abie Award, AnitaB.org 2019 ^[24]
• Fulbright Global Scholar Fellowship, 2019 ^[25]
• WIMIN Leadership Award, World Molecular Imaging Society, 2019
• SPIE Biophotonics Technology Innovator Award, 2020 ^[26]
• The Optical Society Michael S. Feld Biophotonics Award, 2020^[27]

Recent publications[]

Professor Ramanujam's publications include:

• Ramanujam, Nimmi (2019). "Development of Algorithms for Automated Detection of Cervical Pre-Cancers With a Low-Cost, Point-of-Care, Pocket Colposcope". IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 66 (8): 2306–2318. doi:10.1109/TBME.2018.2887208. PMC 6581620. PMID 30575526.
• Ramanujam, Nimmi (2019). "Optical imaging of glucose uptake and mitochondrial membrane potential to characterize Her2 breast tumor metabolic phenotypes. Molecular Cancer Research". Molecular Cancer Research. 17 (7): 1545–1555. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-18-0618. PMC 6610750. PMID 30902832.
• Ramanujam, Nimmi (2018). "Assessing effects of pressure on tumor and normal tissue physiology using an automated self-calibrated, pressure-sensing probe for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy". Journal of Biomedical Optics. 23 (5): 057004. Bibcode:2018JBO....23e7004P. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.23.5.057004. PMC 5981029. PMID 29766688.
• Ramanujam, Nimmi (2018). "Metaboloptics: Visualization of the tumor functional landscape via metabolic and vascular imaging". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 4171. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.4171M. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22480-w. PMC 5843602. PMID 29520098.
• Ramanujam, Nimmi (2018). Erickson, David; Ozcan, Aydogan; Levitz, David (eds.). "Image processing and machine learning techniques to automate diagnosis of Lugol's iodine cervigrams for a low-cost point-of-care digital colposcope". SPIE. Digital Library. 10485: 7. Bibcode:2018SPIE10485E..08A. doi:10.1117/12.2282792. ISBN 9781510614550. S2CID 65751870.
• Ramanujam, Nimmi (2018). Gioux, Sylvain; Pogue, Brian W; Biggs, Greg (eds.). "Optimizing fluorescently tethered Hsp90 inhibitor dose for maximal specific uptake by breast tumors". SPIE. Digital Library. 10478: 3. Bibcode:2018SPIE10478E..04C. doi:10.1117/12.2285210. ISBN 9781510614413. S2CID 80477283.

Patents[]

Nimmi Ramanujam is an inventor of 20 US patents,^[28] including:

• Systems and methods for spectral analysis of a tissue mass using an instrument, an optical probe, and a Monte Carlo or a diffusion algorithm ^[29]
• Method for extraction of optical properties from diffuse reflectance spectra ^[30]
• Depth-resolved fluorescence instrument with angled excitation ^[31]
• Smart Fiber Optic Sensor System and Methods for Quantitative Optical Spectroscopy.^[32]

References[]