Nor Bayazet uezd

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Nor Bayazet uezd
Новобаязетскій уѣздъ
Uezd
Coat of arms of Nor Bayazet uezd
Coat of arms
Location in the Erivan Governorate
Location in the Erivan Governorate
CountryRussian Empire
ViceroyaltyCaucasus
GovernorateErivan
Established1840
Abolished1930
CapitalNovobayazet
(present-day Gavar)
Area
 • Total4,691.96 km2 (1,811.58 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total188,859
 • Density40/km2 (100/sq mi)
 • Urban
7.81%
 • Rural
92.19%

The Nor Bayazet or Novobayazet uezd[a] was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Alexandropol uezd to the north, the Etchmiadzin and Erivan uezds to the west, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd to the south, and the Kazakh, Elizavetpol, and Jevanshir uezds of the Elizavetpol Governorate to the east. Centered on Lake Sevan, the Nor Bayazet uezd included most of the contemporary province of Gegharkunik and northern parts of the Kotayk Province of Armenia. The administrative center of the uezd was the city Novobayazet (present-day Gavar) for which the district was eponymously named.[1]

In 1916, the district was over 90% rural and home to over 129,300 Armenians and 53,700 Muslims (including 3,000 Kurds). Resulting from the Ottoman invasion of the South Caucasus, in 1918–1920 the population of the district contracted significantly due to famine and large-scale ethnic cleansing.

History[]

The administrative center of the uezd, Novobayazet, as indicated by its name meaning "New Bayazıt", was founded by Armenian immigrants from Doğubayazıt in the early 19th century who accompanied the withdrawing Imperial Russian Army to escape persecution in the Ottoman Empire.[2]

After the Russian Revolution, conditions in the Nor Bayazet uezd were worsened by the presence of 60,000 refugees in 1918.[3] Over the winter of 1918–1919, some 25,000 people in the uezd starved to death.[4] Whilst controlled by the First Republic of Armenia, the Nor Bayazet uezd in 1918–1919 was emptied of its Muslim population by the destruction of 100 villages by the Armenian army,[5] however, this was instigated by agents of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic trying to provoke ethnic clashes.[6] Moreover, the "Nor Bayazet commission" in the Armenian parliament led by  [hy] claimed that 88 villages and 72,000 inhabitants of Nor Bayazet had been subject to raids by Muslims.[7]

Administrative divisions[]

The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Nor Bayazet uezd in 1912 were as follows:[8]

Uchastok Russian name 1912 population Area
1st 1-й участокъ 38,280 1,071.35 square versts (1,219.26 km2; 470.76 sq mi)
2nd 2-й участокъ 31,680 650.45 square versts (740.25 km2; 285.81 sq mi)
3rd 3-й участокъ 37,781 983.99 square versts (1,119.84 km2; 432.37 sq mi)
4th 4-й участокъ 46,082 1,416.97 square versts (1,612.60 km2; 622.63 sq mi)

Demographics[]

Russian Empire census (1897)[]

According to the Russian Empire census of 1897, the Nor Bayazet uezd had a population of 122,573, including 63,128 men and 59,445 women. The majority of the population indicated Armenian to be their mother tongue, with a significant Tatar (later known as Azerbaijani) speaking minority.[9]

Linguistic composition of the Nor Bayazet uezd in 1897[9]
Language Native speakers %
Armenian 81,285 66.32
Tatar[b] 34,726 28.33
Kurdish 2,995 2.44
Russian 2,711 2.21
Mordovian 289 0.24
Tat 269 0.22
Greek 179 0.15
Georgian 36 0.03
Jewish 31 0.03
Polish 12 0.01
Lithuanian 6 0.00
Ukrainian 5 0.00
Assyrian 4 0.00
Italian 1 0.00
Other 24 0.02
TOTAL 122,573 100.00

Caucasian Calendar (1917)[]

According to the 1917 publication of the Caucasian Calendar, the Nor Bayazet uezd had 188,859 residents in 1916, including 97,864 men and 90,995 women, 174,879 of whom were the permanent population, and 13,980 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated the city of Nor Bayazet and its peripheries to be overwhelmingly Armenian, with a significant Shia Muslim minority:[10]

Nationality Urban Rural TOTAL
Number % Number % Number %
Armenians 14,350 97.30 114,997 66.05 129,347 68.49
Shia Muslims[c] 0 0.00 46,901 26.94 46,901 24.83
Russians[d] 83 0.56 4,842 2.78 4,925 2.61
Sunni Muslims[e] 0 0.00 3,812 2.19 3,812 2.02
Kurds 238 1.61 2,726 1.57 2,964 1.57
Yazidis 0 0.00 408 0.23 408 0.22
Other Europeans 11 0.07 387 0.22 398 0.21
Asiatic Christians 64 0.43 38 0.02 102 0.05
Jews 2 0.01 0 0.00 2 0.00
TOTAL 14,748 100.00 174,111 100.00 188,859 100.00

Notes[]

  1. ^
    • Russian: Новобаязе́тскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Novobayazétsky uyézd
    • Armenian: Նոր Բայազետի գավառ, romanized: Nor Bayazeti gavar
    • Azerbaijani: یئنی بیازید قزاسؽ, romanized: Yeni Bəyazid qəzası
  2. ^ Later known as Azerbaijani.
  3. ^ Primarily Tatars,[11] later known as Azerbaijanis.[12]
  4. ^ The Caucasian Calendar did not distinguish between Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians.
  5. ^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.[11]

References[]

  1. ^ Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus. Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 59. ISBN 9780300153088.
  2. ^ Hakobyan, Tatul (19 April 2022). "Հայաստանի բնակչությունը 1886-ին. Ալեքսանդրապոլ, Երևան, Նոր Բայազետ, Խնձորեսկ" [The population of Armenia in 1886. Alexandrapol, Yerevan, Nor Bayazet, Khndzoresk]. ANI Armenian Research Center. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  3. ^ Hovannisian 1971, p. 127.
  4. ^ Hovannisian 1971, p. 130.
  5. ^ Baberovski, Yorg (2010). Враг есть везде. Сталинизм на Кавказе [The enemy is everywhere. Stalinism in the Caucasus] (in Russian). Moscow: Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya (ROSSPEN) Fond «Prezidentskiy tsentr B. N. Yeltsina». p. 169. ISBN 978-5-8243-1435-9. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022.
  6. ^ Hovannisian 1982, p. 216.
  7. ^ Hovannisian 1982, p. 286.
  8. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. pp. 172–179. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  10. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. pp. 214–221. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
  12. ^ Bournoutian 2015, p. 35.

Bibliography[]

  • Bournoutian, George (2015). "Demographic Changes in the Southwest Caucasus, 1604–1830: The Case of Historical Eastern Armenia". Forum of EthnoGeoPolitics. Amsterdam. 3 (2).
  • Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01805-2.
  • Hovannisian, Richard G. (1982). The Republic of Armenia. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04186-0.
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Coordinates: 40°21′32″N 45°07′36″E / 40.35889°N 45.12667°E / 40.35889; 45.12667

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