North–South Commuter Railway

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This article is about the Philippine rail line. For other uses, see North–South Railway.

North–South Commuter Railway
Elevated structures in Longos and Burol Primero Balagtas station 07.jpg
Construction of the railway in Balagtas, Bulacan
Overview
StatusUnder construction
OwnerDepartment of Transportation
LocaleCentral Luzon, Metro Manila, Calabarzon
TerminiNew Clark City
Calamba
Stations36
Service
TypeUrban rail transit (S-train)
SystemPhilippine National Railways
Services4
Operator(s)Philippine National Railways
Rolling stockVarious, see rolling stock
History
Planned opening2022 (partial)
2025 (full)[a]
Technical
Line length148 km (92 mi)
Track length296 km (184 mi)
Number of tracksDouble-track[b]
CharacterElevated[c]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification1,500 V DC overhead lines
Operating speed160 km/h (100 mph)[d]
SignallingETCS Level 2
Highest elevation130 m (430 ft) at Clark International Airport station
Route map

 New Clark City
Mabalacat Depot
Clark International Airport
Clark International Airport
Quitangil River
 Clark
Abacan River
Clark
Angeles City
Angeles City
San Fernando
Sindalan Creek
 San Fernando
San Fernando River
San Fernando
Apalit
 Apalit
Apalit
Calumpit
Pampanga River
 Calumpit
Angat River
Calumpit
Malolos
 Malolos
Malolos South
Malolos
Guiguinto
 Guiguinto
Guiguinto River
Guiguinto
Balagtas
 Balagtas
Santol River
Balagtas
Bocaue
Bocaue River
 Bocaue
Bocaue
Marilao
Igulot River
 Marilao
Marilao River
Marilao
Meycauayan
 Meycauayan
Meycauayan River
Meycauayan
Valenzuela
Valenzuela Depot
Valenzuela
Tullahan River
Valenzuela
Malabon
 Malabon
Malabon
Caloocan
 Caloocan
Caloocan
Manila
 Solis
Tutuban Railyard &
Tayuman Locomotive Shed
Tutuban
Lrtalogo.svg
 Blumentritt
ManilaLine1Logo.svg
 España
8
Estero de Valencia
 Santa Mesa
Lrtalogo.svg
Pasig River
 Paco
Manila
Makati
 Buendia
Estero de Tripa de Gallina
 EDSA
3
Makati
 
Estero de Tripa de Gallina
 
Taguig
 Nichols
Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Left arrowNAIA Terminal 3 - Quirino HighwayRight arrow
 
 FTI
 MMS 
Taguig
Parañaque
 Bicutan
 MMS 
Parañaque
Muntinlupa
 Sucat
Sucat River
Mangangate River
 Alabang
Bayanan Creek
Poblacion River
 Muntinlupa
Magdaong River
Muntinlupa
 
Tunasan River
 
San Pedro
San Isidro River
 San Pedro
San Pedro
Biñan
 Biñan
Biñan River
Biñan
Santa Rosa
Silang-Sta. Rosa River
 Santa Rosa
Santa Rosa
Cabuyao
Cabuyao River
 Cabuyao
Gulod
Cabuyao River
 Mamatid
Cabuyao
Calamba
Banlic Depot
San Cristobal River
San Juan River
 Calamba
This diagram:

The North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR), also known as the Clark–Calamba Railway, is a 148 km (92 mi) urban rail transit system under construction in the island of Luzon, Philippines, primarily in the Greater Manila Area.[1][2] Running from New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac to Calamba, Laguna with 36 stations and four services, the railway will be a transportation backbone of the region. It will be integrated into existing and future railway lines such as the LRT Line 1, LRT Line 2, MRT Line 3, and the Metro Manila Subway.[3][4]

Originally planned in the 1990s, the project has been repetitively halted after disagreements on funding and allegations of overpricing.[5][6][7] The first proposal was the 32 km (20 mi) "Manila–Clark rapid railway" with Spain in the 1990s,[5] and during the 2000s, the NorthRail project with China that was discontinued in 2011.[5][8][9][10] The current railway line began development in 2013,[11] with initial funding being obtained in 2015,[12] and construction beginning in 2019.[13][14] Upon its completion, the railway will supersede the existing PNR Metro Commuter Line.

Route[]

The North–South Commuter Railway will comprise two sections corresponding to the Philippine National Railways' old main lines. The first is the 91 km (57 mi)[15] fully-elevated PNR Clark which is being built over the mostly-defunct North Main Line in northern Metro Manila and Central Luzon.[16][17] The construction of PNR Clark is further subdivided into two sections: the 38 km (24 mi) PNR Clark 1 between Tutuban and Malolos, and the 53 kilometres (33 mi) PNR Clark 2 from Malolos to New Clark City.[18] The second component is the 56 km (35 mi)[15] PNR Calamba which will use the existing PNR Metro Commuter Line right of way between Tutuban and Calamba, which were historically parts of the South Main Line and will have elevated, at-grade and depressed sections.[19]

The table below shows the proposed train operation schedule and stations for the system.[2][20][21]

Services[]

There are three classes of services on this line. The following are:[20]

  • Commuter is the basic commuter rail service and has the least priority. It stops at all stations within its route. There are three routes planned for this class; Tutuban–New Clark City, Tutuban–Calamba, and Clark International Airport–Calamba. The maximum speed for this service will be 120 km/h (75 mph) for the entire line.
  • Commuter Express is the limited-stop service for the line, succeeding the Commex service during the Metrotren era in the early 2000s. Although it will run faster than regular Commuter trains, it will still use the same routes and rolling stock.
  • The Airport Limited Express is the temporary designation for the planned airport rail link and limited express service between Clark International Airport and Alabang station. As the flagship NSCR service, it will use dedicated rolling stock complete with intercity-grade amenities plus baggage space for people arriving from the airport. It will have a maximum speed of 160 km/h (100 mph) along the NSCR North. Its final name is yet to be determined.
  • Subway through-service is the proposed augmentation between the NSCR and the Metro Manila Subway. It will serve the southernmost areas of Metro Manila and neighboring Laguna, branching from the subway line at FTI station while the remainder of the line will go towards the direction of NAIA Terminal 3 in Pasay. It will use the Subway trainsets instead of the NSCR ones, although both are from the Sustina family.

Stations[]

Phase Station Services Transfers Location
Commuter Commuter express Limited express Through service to/from
Metro Manila Subway[20]
NCC–Tutuban CIA–Calamba Tutuban–Calamba NCC–Tutuban CIA–Calamba Tutuban–Calamba
PNR Clark 2 New Clark City ● — — ● — — — — none Capas, Tarlac
Clark International Airport ｜ ● ｜ ● ● Airport interchange Clark International Airport Mabalacat, Pampanga
Clark ● ● ● ● ｜ none
Angeles ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ Angeles, Pampanga
San Fernando ● ● ● ● ｜ San Fernando, Pampanga
Apalit ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ Apalit, Pampanga
Calumpit ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ Calumpit, Bulacan
Malolos ● ● ● ● ｜ Malolos, Bulacan
PNR Clark 1
Malolos South ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜
Guiguinto ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ Guiguinto, Bulacan
Tuktukan ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜
Balagtas ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ Balagtas, Bulacan
Bocaue ● ● ● ● ｜ Bocaue, Bulacan
Tabing Ilog ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ Marilao, Bulacan
Marilao ● ● ● ● ｜
Meycauayan ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ Meycauayan, Bulacan
Valenzuela ● ● ● ● ｜ Valenzuela
Valenzuela Polo ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜
Malabon ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ Malabon
Caloocan ● ● ● ● ｜ Caloocan
Solis ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ Manila
Tutuban ● ｜ ● ● ｜ ● ｜ Lrtalogo.svg Tutuban
PNR Calamba Blumentritt — ● ● — ● ● ｜ ManilaLine1Logo.svg Blumentritt
España ● ● ● ● ｜ none
Santa Mesa ● ● ● ● ｜ Lrtalogo.svg Pureza
Paco ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ none
Buendia ● ● ● ● ● Makati
EDSA ● ● ● ● ｜ 3 Magallanes
Nichols ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ None Taguig
FTI ● ● ● ● ●  MMS 
Bus interchange  16  TITX
Bicutan ● ● ｜ ｜ ｜ ●  MMS 
Bus interchange  25  Bicutan 		Parañaque
Sucat ● ● ● ● ● ● PNR Bicol
Bus interchange  25  Sucat 		Muntinlupa
Alabang ● ● ● ● ● ● none
Muntinlupa ● ● ● ● — ●
San Pedro ● ● ｜ ｜ ● San Pedro, Laguna
Pacita ● ● ｜ ｜ ●
Biñan ● ● ｜ ｜ ● Biñan, Laguna
Santa Rosa ● ● ● ● ● Santa Rosa, Laguna
Cabuyao ● ● ● ● ● Cabuyao, Laguna
Gulod ● ● ｜ ｜ ●
Banlic ● ● ｜ ｜ ● PNR Bicol Calamba, Laguna
Calamba ● ● ● ● ● none
Stations in italics will open in 2030.

Extensions and additional stations[]

The 2014 JICA study proposed a 38 km (24 mi) branch line that will split in Angeles City. The line will have 12 stations and shall end in Tarlac City.[22] The study also proposed a 58 km (36 mi) extension of the NSCR to Batangas City.[22] This will be built parallel to the PNR South Long Haul Project which was approved in 2017, with the line being a single-track, standard-gauge line without electrification, and will be built at-grade similar to the present PNR network.[23] The PNR has also requested for a feasibility study for a commuter line connecting Tarlac City and San Jose, Nueva Ecija in 2019. The length of the line and the number of stations will be determined once a proposal has been submitted.[24]

The North–South Commuter Railway will also have provisions for infill stations: Valenzuela Polo, Tabing Ilog, Tuktukan, and Malolos South.[20]

History[]

Background[]

The Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan operated trains to and from Manila.
See also: PNR Metro Commuter Line § History

Predecessors of the Philippine National Railways (PNR) operated various local trains between Manila and its neighboring provinces. By the 1920s, trains ran from Tutuban to Naic in Cavite, Pagsanjan in Laguna, Montalban in Rizal, and Bulacan.[25] The network was heavily damaged in the Battle of Manila during World War II,[26] but was mostly reestablished after the war.[27]

The Metro Manila Commuter Service started on April 6, 1970, which started at Manila North Harbor and ended in Biñan, Laguna.[28] After numerous expansions, the commuter service enjoyed thousands of daily riders in its system and had an expansive network in and out of Metro Manila.[29] In 1978, at the request of the Philippine government, the Japan International Cooperation Agency conducted a study on the electrification of the commuter service.[30] The plan was made to keep up with the increasing demand for transportation in the Manila area. It called for the replacement of the diesel-run trains and the electrification of the PNR commuter line. Two experts from the Japanese National Railways were sent to conduct the study.[30] These would not materialize as the government shifted its focus to road-based infrastructure.

Services north of Manila started to decline in the 1980s. However, commuter services were briefly extended to Malolos starting in 1990 under the Metrotren project but later ceased in 1997.[31] Since then, railway services have been mostly confined to the south, with the contemporary Metro Commuter Line being predominantly aligned to the South Main Line.

Manila–Clark rapid railway system[]

During the 1990s, President Fidel Ramos signed a memorandum of agreement with Juan Carlos I of Spain for the construction of a railway line from Manila to Clark in September 1994.[5] This would be known as the Manila–Clark rapid railway system. On August 24, 1995, North Luzon Railways (NLRC) was formed as a subsidiary of Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA).[5] The NLRC then entered into an engineering, procurement and construction contract with the Spanish Railways Corporation on February 7, 1996, but the contract was later terminated on August 14, 1998, after the parties disagreed on the source of funding for the project.[5]

In September 1999, the NEDA-ICC approved the railway project, with the initial phase covering a segment from Caloocan to Calumpit. The source of funding was to be the Obuchi Fund from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation.[5] Pre-construction activities such as right-of-way clearing and relocation of affected informal settlers began, but a presidential directive later halted the clearing activities and the JBIC loan was not granted.[5]

NorthRail[]

Abandoned NorthRail columns in Malolos, Bulacan that has since been demolished.

Under the presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, a successor to the Manila–Clark rapid railway system, the NorthRail project, was conceived. On September 14, 2002, a memorandum of understanding was signed by NorthRail and China National Machinery and Equipment Group (CNMEG) for the project.[5] It was later approved on August 5, 2003.[5] The project was estimated to cost around US$500 million, and the funding was to be covered by a US$400 million by the Export–Import Bank of China, and the rest to be shouldered by the government through BCDA and NLRC.[5][9][32]

The project involved the upgrading of the existing single track to an elevated dual-track system, converting the rail gauge from narrow gauge to standard gauge, and linking Manila to Malolos in Bulacan and further on to Angeles City, Clark Special Economic Zone and Clark International Airport.[5] The first phase of the project covered the Caloocan to Malolos segment. Preparatory construction began in early November 2006. Due to delays in the construction work, it was soon renegotiated with the Chinese government. Construction temporarily continued in January 2009 with the support of the North Luzon Railways Corporation.[5]

The NorthRail project was cancelled in March 2011 due to a series of delays, work stoppages, a controversy and anomalies with the foreign contractor.[9][10][6] According to Interior and Local Government Secretary Mar Roxas, the Chinese were open to reconfiguring the project, and that he was meeting with his Chinese counterpart in a month's time.[8][10]

In March 2012, the Philippine Supreme Court authorized a lower court to hear the case for voiding the contract. Instead of paying the US$184 million owed by the government in 2012, the Department of Finance was to pay the Export-Import Bank of China four installments of US$46 million from September 2012 onwards.[33] National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Director-General Arsenio Balisacan said the 80-kilometer NorthRail project would resume within the term of President Benigno Aquino III,[33] but despite this announcement, the NorthRail project was scrapped and replaced with the NSCR project.[34]

In November 2017, DOTr, BCDA, and North Luzon Railways reached an out-of-court settlement with Sinomach, resolving the five-year dispute.[9][35]

Development[]

See also: DuterteNomics § Build! Build! Build! Infrastructure Plan, and Metro Manila Dream Plan

With the termination of the NorthRail project, the Department of Transportation and Communications considered restarting the project by commissioning a feasibility study by CPCS Transcom Ltd. of Canada. Part of the study examined having a Malolos–Tutuban–Calamba–Los Baños commuter line.[34][36] The feasibility study was still ongoing when the NEDA included the North–South Commuter Railway in the Metro Manila Dream Plan, which it approved in 2014.[37]

The plan for the North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR), a component of the North–South Railway Project,[38] included the 37-kilometer NSCR Phase 1, an electrified narrow-gauge[39] commuter railway from Tutuban to Malolos and funded through overseas development assistance; and the second phase which included the reconstruction of the Tutuban–Calamba commuter line and the rehabilitation of long-haul services with an extension up to Matnog, Sorsogon and a branch line from Calamba to Batangas. It was to be funded through a Public–private partnership (PPP) scheme.[38][40][41]

On February 16, 2015, the National Economic and Development Authority board, chaired by President Benigno Aquino III, approved the NSCR Phase 1 project.[40][42] After President Aquino met with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in Japan in June 2015, Abe expressed his commitment to fund the project. On November 19, 2015, representatives of both countries exchanged notes on the project in the presence of Abe and Aquino.[12] The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) was chosen by the Japanese government to look into financing the project, and on November 27, 2015, seven months before Aquino would end his term, JICA and the Department of Finance signed a loan agreement worth ₱97.3 billion ($1.99 billion) for the financing of the first phase.[43][44][45]

The succeeding administration included the project under the Build! Build! Build! Infrastructure Program.[46] In addition, numerous changes to the project were made. The railway's gauge was changed to standard gauge,[47] and the railway was extended to New Clark City. In addition, the PPP scheme for the south commuter line was abandoned in favor of overseas development assistance from Japan. On June 25, 2017, Transportation Secretary Arthur Tugade announced the new name for the project and unveiled the locations of the first five stations during a press tour of the old PNR line.[48]

Casting yard near Meycauayan station
Construction of Guiguinto station

Pre-construction work such as clearing of the right of way was started on January 6, 2018.[49] The contract packages for the construction of the three phases underwent bidding on numerous dates. The first package for the construction of PNR Clark 1 to be awarded, Package 2, was awarded to Japan's Sumitomo Mitsui Construction on December 27, 2018. This covers the construction of the railway from Malolos to Bocaue. In December 2020, the subcontract for the construction of the railway viaduct from Tutuban to Bocaue was awarded to VSL International, a subsidiary of Bouygues.[50] Package 1, which covered civil works from Bocaue to Solis, was awarded to the Filipino-Japanese consortium of Taisei Corporation and DMCI Holdings on May 21, 2019.[51][52]

On the other hand, the first three contracts for the construction of PNR Clark 2 were opened in August 2019. Eleven firms from various ADB member countries participated in the bid.[53] The first packages were awarded in August 2020.[54] Package 4, was awarded to the consortium of EEI Corporation and Acciona. Package 5 was awarded to Posco. The Filipino-Korean consortium of Megawide Construction Corporation, Hyundai Engineering & Construction, and Dong-ah Geological Engineering Company won the bid for Package 1 on September 18, 2020,[55][56] with the contract signed on April 21, 2021.[57]

Bidding for the construction of PNR Calamba was opened on July 14, 2021,[58][59] with 34 bidders expressing interest in the project.[60]

Construction[]

The North–South Commuter Railway is being built in three phases and divided into two primary sections.

PNR Clark[]

PNR Clark is the northern section of the NSCR. Construction was divided into two phases. PNR Clark 1 involves the 38 km (24 mi) Tutuban–Malolos railway, while PNR Clark 2 involves the 53 km (33 mi) Malolos–Clark railway. The 91-kilometer railway line, when fully completed, will run from Tutuban station in Manila to New Clark City (NCC), with a link to Clark International Airport (CIA).[61][62]

The groundbreaking of PNR Clark 1 was held on February 15, 2019, and construction started after.[13][63] PNR Clark 1 is expected to start partial operations in 2021, while full operations are expected in the second quarter of 2024.[51][64] Its initial route, the Malolos-Valenzuela section, is expected to start operations by December 2021.[65] PNR Clark 2, on the other hand, is scheduled to begin operations by 2023.[53] As of July 2021, PNR Clark 1 is 48% complete, while PNR Clark 2 is 27.79% complete.[66]

PNR Calamba[]

PNR Calamba, also known as PNR Clark Phase 3,[67] is the southern section of the NSCR. It involves the reconstruction of the existing Metro Commuter Line as an electrified standard-gauge railway with elevated, at-grade, and depressed sections.[19][68] The 56 km (35 mi) railway will run from Solis, Manila to Calamba, Laguna. Construction is set to begin by 2022,[58] with partial operations slated for 2025 and full operations by 2028.[69]

Infrastructure[]

The line will be the first commuter rail system in the country to be mostly grade-separated. Trains are designed to run on standard gauge track at a design speed of 120 km/h for regular trains and 160 km/h for airport express trains. The line will also use a signaling system based on ETCS Level 2.[70][71] The line will also feature an Elastic Sleeper Direct Fasten (ESDF) type ballastless track with plastic/fiber-reinforced foam urethane railroad ties.[20]

Station layout[]

All stations will have a standard layout, with a concourse level and a platform level.[20] The stations are designed to adhere to both Philippine and Japanese standards.[20] Stations will either have island platforms or side platforms with platform screen doors. The stations are designed to be barrier-free,[72] and trains shall have spaces for passengers using wheelchairs.[20] Historical stations will be preserved.[73] All stations will have access to intermodal facilities.[20] The FTI station in particular is connected to the Taguig Integrated Terminal Exchange.

Rolling stock[]

A total of 360 electric multiple unit traincars have been procured to operate on the line, with 104 of these being the 8-car EM10000 class trainsets to be built by the Japan Transport Engineering Company (J-TREC), successor to the Tokyu Car Corporation that has provided rolling stock to the Philippines from 1955 to 1976. The trainsets were previously named as the Sustina Commuter at the time of purchase, and are based on JR East commuter stock such as the E233 series but adapted to standard gauge. The trains are also designed to be interoperable with the Metro Manila Subway. The first batch of the commuter trains arrived on November 21, 2021.[46][74][75][76] A mock-up model of the commuter train was revealed to the public on June 28, 2021,[77] and was delivered to the Philippines from Japan in August 2021.[78] The trainsets have been designated as the EM10000 class in October 2021.[79]

On the other hand, an order for 200 more commuter cars and the 56 airport express trainsets are being procured as of 2019.[80][81] On February 26, 2021, a suggested preliminary design based on the E259 and E353 series was published.[82] On May 10, the Department of Transportation later announced it will acquire the airport express trainsets from Japanese manufacturers.[83] After several months of delays and rescheduling, three bidders have submitted their designs: Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Sojitz joint venture, Marubeni and Stadler Rail, and Mitsubishi and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF).[e] J-TREC did not participate as the company is already constructing the commuter trainsets.[84] Hitachi also opted not to participate and instead made a commitment to provide 67 elevators for Phase 1,[85][86] while its Italian subsidiary Hitachi Rail STS joined as a bidder for the supply of the project's signaling equipment.[87]

Rolling stock Commuter train[20][88] Airport express[89][82]
Image PNR NSCR train 2021.jpg
Year 2021 TBD
Manufacturer Japan Transport Engineering Company TBD[f]
Model number EM10000 TBD
Number to be built 104 cars (13 sets) 56 cars (7 sets)
Formation 8 cars per trainset
Length 20,000 mm (65 ft 7 in)
Width 2,950 mm (9 ft 8 in)
Pantograph lockdown height 4,150 mm (13 ft 7 in)
Floor height 1,130–1,150 mm (3 ft 8 in–3 ft 9 in)
Body material Lightweight stainless steel Aluminum alloy and stainless steel
Tare weight 270 metric tons (300 short tons) 315 metric tons (347 short tons)
Capacity Leading car: 266 standing, 45 seated
Intermediate car: 285 standing, 54 seated 		Leading car: 40 seated
Intermediate car: 52 seated
PWD seating: 8 wheelchair spaces
Seat layout Rapid transit-style longitudinal seating Airline-style open coach seating
Doors per side 4 2
Traction power 1,500 V overhead catenary
Pantograph type 1 single-arm pantograph 2 single-arm pantographs, outward facing
Top speed 120 km/h (75 mph) 160 km/h (100 mph)
Train configuration Tc–M–M–T–T–M–M–Tc Tc–M–M–M–M–M–M–Tc
Other features N/A Toilets, luggage racks
Status 1 trainset delivered as of November 2021[76] To be ordered

See also[]

Footnotes[]

  1. ^ The project will be implemented in three phases which will have its own opening dates.
  2. ^ May use quadruple-track at stations.
  3. ^ May be through viaduct or embankment. Also includes an at-grade section between EDSA and FTI stations, a depressed section around Nichols station, and an underground section around Clark International Airport station.
  4. ^ Up to 120 kilometers per hour (75 mph) for commuter trains while 160 kilometers per hour (100 mph) for airport express trains.
  5. ^ The Mitsubishi-CAF consortium has already been constructing on the LRTA 13000 class light rail vehicles.
  6. ^ Three bidders have submitted their designs: Kawasaki Railcar, Marubeni, and Mitsubishi.[90]

References[]

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