Northwestern League
| Sport | Baseball |
|---|---|
| Inaugural season | 1879 |
| Ceased | 1887 |
| No. of teams | 4 to 12 each season |
| Country | United States |
The Northwestern League was a sports league that operated in the Central United States during the early years of professional baseball for five seasons: 1879, 1883–1884, and 1886–1887. After the 1887 season, the league was replaced by the Western Association.[1] A second Northwestern League, located in the Pacific Northwest, formed in 1905.
The Northwestern League of 1883–1884 is considered the first baseball "minor league", as it was party to the National Agreement of 1883, along with the National League and American Association, whereby the leagues agreed to honor each other's suspensions, expulsions, and player reserve clauses, and established territorial rights.[2]
Results by season[]
The league operated for a total of five seasons, during a span of nine years.
1879[]
Four teams participated in the 1879 season, which ran from May 1 to July 7.
| Team | Record | GB | Manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dubuque Red Stockings | 19–5 (.792) | — | Ted Sullivan |
| Rockford White Stockings | 13–9 (.591) | 5 | James McKee |
| Omaha Green Stockings | 5–13 (.278) | 11 | |
| Davenport Brown Stockings | 5–15 (.250) | 12 | J. W. Green |
1883[]
The 1883 season featured eight teams and ran from May 1 to September 29.
| Team | Record | GB | Manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toledo Blue Stockings | 56–28 (.667) | — | William Voltz / Charlie Morton |
| Saginaw Greys | 54–30 (.643) | 2 | Arthur Whitney |
| Peoria Reds | 49–35 (.583) | 7 | Charles Flynn / Charles Levis / A. C. Harding |
| Grand Rapids (MI) | 48–36 (.571) | 8 | Charles Eden / Henry Jones |
| Springfield (IL) | 37–47 (.440) | 19 | C. J. Frichtel / John Peters / John Crawford |
| Bay City (MI) | 35–49 (.417) | 21 | John Crawford / William Montgomery / Chester Morgan |
| Fort Wayne Hoosiers | 34–50 (.405) | 22 | Jack Remsen / Milton Scott |
| Quincy Quincys | 23–61 (.274) | 33 | Charles Overrecker / Ed Hengel / Dickey Pearce |
1884[]
The 1884 season began on May 1 with 12 teams. The Bay City team disbanded in late July and was replaced by Evansville. In early August, multiple other teams disbanded.[7] Play continued through August 13, at which time Milwaukee had the best record of teams still active.[8] Milwaukee was later offered the league championship for the abbreviated season, but declined it.[9]
| Team | Record | GB | Manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grand Rapids (MI) | 48–15 (.762) | — | Horace Phillips |
| Saginaw Greys | 47–21 (.691) | 3+1⁄2 | William Dyer |
| Quincy Quincys | 45–23 (.662) | 5+1⁄2 | George Brackett |
| Peoria Reds | 40–25 (.615) | 9 | James Whitfield / Charles Flynn |
| Milwaukee Brewers | 42–30 (.583) | 10+1⁄2 | Charles Cushman / James McKee / Tom Loftus |
| Minneapolis Millers | 30–42 (.417) | 22+1⁄2 | Benjamin Tuthill |
| Muskegon (MI) | 23–40 (.365) | 27 | A. R. Bradford / Charles Cushman / John Rainey |
| Fort Wayne Hoosiers | 22–43 (.338) | 29 | John McDonough / Harry Smith |
| St. Paul Apostles | 24–48 (.333) | 30+1⁄2 | Robert Hunter / Andrew Thompson |
| Stillwater (MN) | 21–46 (.313) | 31 | Joseph May / Joe Miller / Fred Gunkle / John Peters |
| Terre Haute (IN) | 15–50 (.231) | 36 | Al Buckenberger / George Hammerstein |
| Evansville (IN) | 4–1 (.800) | n/a | Stephen Hagan |
| Bay City (MI) | 39–16 (.709) | n/a | Bill Watkins |
Source:[5]: 142
The league reorganized on August 14, and started a second season with a limited schedule of 24 games planned for each of four teams.[9] This short season would also end early due to financial difficulties, with the final game played on September 7.[10]
| Team | Record | GB | Manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Milwaukee Brewers | 11–4 (.733) | — | Tom Loftus |
| Minneapolis Millers | 7–4 (.636) | 2 | Benjamin Tuthill |
| St. Paul Apostles | 7–7 (.500) | 3+1⁄2 | Andrew Thompson |
| 1–11 (.083) | 8+1⁄2 | John Rainey |
Source:[5]: 143
The St. Paul and Milwaukee teams were late-season additions to the major league Union Association.[11][12]
1886–1887[]
In 1886, the league was recreated when the ; Eau Claire Lumbermen; , Minneapolis Millers, Milwaukee Brewers, and the Oshkosh, Wisconsin team composed the league. Duluth won the championship.[13]
In 1887, the Northwestern League featured the Des Moines Hawkeyes, , Eau Claire, LaCrosse Freezers, Milwaukee Cream Citys, Minneapolis Millers, Oshkosh and the St. Paul Saints. Oshkosh won the championship.[14][4]
Cities Represented 1891[]
- Bay City, MI: Bay City
- Dayton, OH: Dayton
- Detroit, MI: Detroit Wolverines
- Evansville, IN: Evansville Hoosiers
- Fort Wayne, IN: Ft. Wayne
- Grand Rapids, MI: Grand Rapids Shamrocks
- Peoria, IL: Peoria Distillers
- Terre Haute, IN: Terre Haute Hottentots
Teams and Statistics 1891[]
1891 Northwestern League - schedule
President:
| Team Standings | W | L | PCT | GB | Managers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evansville Hoosiers | 44 | 29 | .603 | - | Andy Sommers |
| Ft. Wayne | 39 | 33 | .542 | 4.5 | Guy Hecker |
| Terre Haute Hottentots | 28 | 41 | .406 | 14 | Billy Clingman/George Brackett |
| Grand Rapids Shamrocks | 28 | 44 | .389 | 15.5 | John Murphy |
| Peoria Distillers @ | 42 | 17 | .712 | NA | George Brackett |
| Dayton @ | 27 | 30 | .474 | NA | Harry Fisher |
| Bay City # | 12 | 17 | .414 | NA | Fred Craves/John Whalen |
| Detroit Wolverines $ | 10 | 19 | .345 | NA | Rasty Wright |
@ Peoria and Dayton disbanded July 16
# Bay City disbanded June 7
$ Detroit disbanded June 6
Peoria won the first and second halves, but Evansville won the third half-season
References[]
- ^ Thornly, Stew (2006). Baseball in Minnesota: The Definitive History. ISBN 978-0-87351-551-1.
- ^ "How Minor League Baseball Teams Work: History of the Minors". howstuffworks.com. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
- ^ "1879 Northwestern League". Baseball-Reference.com.
- ^ a b c "Northwestern League - BR Bullpen". www.baseball-reference.com.
- ^ a b c d The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball. Lloyd Johnson & Miles Wolff, editors (Third ed.). Baseball America. 2007. ISBN 1932391177.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "1883 Northwestern League". Baseball-Reference.com.
- ^ "Two More Gone". St. Paul Globe. August 7, 1884. p. 6. Retrieved April 21, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ "Northwestern League". Chicago Tribune. August 14, 1884. p. 7. Retrieved April 21, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "The New Northwestern League". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. August 15, 1884. p. 8. Retrieved April 21, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ "The Northwestern League Winds Up Its Career at Milwaukee". St. Paul Globe. September 8, 1884. p. 7. Retrieved April 21, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ "The 1884 St. Paul Saints". Retrosheet. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "The 1884 Milwaukee Grays". Retrosheet. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "1886 Northwestern League". Baseball-Reference.com.
- ^ "1887 Northwestern League". Baseball-Reference.com.
Further reading[]
- "Bay City Ball Club History". baycitybaseballclub.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2006 – via Wayback Machine.
External links[]
- Defunct minor baseball leagues in the United States
- Baseball leagues in Iowa
- Baseball leagues in Illinois
- Baseball leagues in Wisconsin
- Baseball leagues in Indiana
- Baseball leagues in Minnesota
- Baseball leagues in Michigan
- Baseball leagues in Ohio
- Baseball leagues in Nebraska