Nucula

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Nucula
Temporal range: Arenig - Recent
Nucula delphinodonta (YPM IZ 032764).jpeg
Shell of Nucula delphinodonta
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Nuculida
Family: Nuculidae
Genus: Nucula
Lamarck, 1799
Synonyms

Nucula is a genus of very small saltwater clams. They are part of the family Nuculidae.

Fossil records[]

This genus is very ancient. Fossils are known from the Arenig to the Quaternary (age range: from 478.6 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata all over the world.[1]

Fossil valves of Nucula piacentina from Pliocene of Italy

Description[]

Shells of species within this genus can reach a size of about 30 millimetres (1.2 in). They are equivalve, symmetrical, approximately triangular. The surface has fine concentric growth lines. These clams live in the muddy sand close to the sediment surface at a depth of 20 to 200 meters.[2]

Species[]

Nowadays there are still many species of this genus, which have had virtually no change in the course of time. Species within the genus Nucula include:[3]

  • Hampson, 1971
  • Nucula atacellana Schenck, 1939 - cancellate nutclam
  • Dell, 1990
  • Verco, 1907
  • (A. H. Clarke, 1961)
  • Esteves, 1984
  • Moore, 1977 - reef nutclam
  • Dall, 1890
  • Meek & Hayden, 1856
  • Dall, 1916
  • Dall, 1897 - Charlotte nutclam
  • Nucula certisinus Finlay, 1930
  • Melvill & Standen, 1907
  • Bergmans, 1978
  • E. A. Smith, 1872
  • Nicklès, 1955
  • A. Adams, 1856 - crenulate nutclam
  • Nucula crystallina Poppe, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015
  • E. A. Smith, 1885
  • Dall, 1886
  • Dall, 1916
  • Hinds, 1843
  • Nucula delphinodonta Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842 - dolphintooth nutclam
  • Turton, 1932
  • E. A. Smith, 1895
  • (Habe, 1977)
  • Nucula dunedinensis Finlay, 1928
  • G. B. Sowerby I, 1833 - iridescent nutclam, short nutclam
  • Prashad, 1932
  • Xu, 1999
  • Preston, 1912
  • Villarroel, 1971
  • Dall, 1927
  • Nucula gallinacea Finlay, 1930
  • Verrill, 1884
  • Posselt, 1898 - Greenland nutclam
  • Winckworth, 1931
  • Nucula hartvigiana Dohrn, 1864
  • Pilsbry, 1921
  • H. Adams, 1871
  • (Hayami & Kase, 1993)
  • Marincovich, 1973
  • Dall, 1896
  • G. B. Sowerby III, 1904
  • (Okutani, 1966)
  • Bergmans, 1991
  • Thiele, 1912
  • Bergmans, 1991
  • Hanley, 1860
  • Nolf, 2005
  • Hinds, 1843
  • Schenck, 1939
  • (Iredale, 1930)
  • (Hedley, 1916)
  • Hinds, 1843
  • Prashad, 1933
  • Cosel, 1995
  • Winckworth, 1930 (unaccepted name: Leckenby & Marshall, 1875)
  • Nucula nitidula A. Adams, 1856
  • Nucula nitidulaformis Powell, 1971
  • Thiele, 1912
  • (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Bergmans, 1991
  • Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
  • A. Adams, 1856
  • Nucula percrassa (Conrad, 1858 )
  • G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
  • Kilburn, 1999
  • Iredale, 1924
  • E. A. Smith, 1885
  • Nucula proxima Say, 1822 - Atlantic nutclam
  • Villarroel & Stuardo, 1998
  • Angas, 1877
  • Nucula recens Dell, 1956
  • Bergmans, 1978
  • Kilburn, 1999
  • Nucula rossiana Finlay, 1930
  • G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
  • (Iredale, 1939)
  • Hertlein & Strong, 1940
  • G. B. Sowerby III, 1904
  • Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
  • d'Orbigny, 1842
  • Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
  • A. Adams, 1856
  • (Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931)
  • Kilburn, 1999
  • Verrill & Bush, 1898
  • Bronn, 1831
  • Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931
  • Van Regteren Altena, 1968
  • Odhner, 1943
  • Nucula tenuis (Montagu, 1808)
  • Marwick, 1929 †
  • Schenck, 1939
  • Yokoyama, 1920
  • E. A. Smith, 1885
  • Lan & Lee, 2001
  • (Malm, 1860)
  • Weisbord, 1964
  • (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938)
  • A. H. Clark, 1960

Extinct species[]

Extinct species within the genus Nucula include:[1]

  • † Noetling 1895
  • † Clark & Durham 1946
  • † Russell & Landes 1937
  • † McLearn 1931
  • † Hassan 1953
  • † Meek & Hayden 1857
  • † Vredenburg 1928
  • † Olsson 1930
  • † Dall 1908
  • † Ravn 1907
  • † Sowerby 1836
  • † Vincent 1892
  • † Newton 1922
  • † Marwick 1931
  • † Conrad 1860
  • † Eames 1951
  • † Dickerson 1916
  • † Deshayes 1858
  • † Richards 1944
  • † Olsson 1931
  • † Finlay 1927
  • † Marincovich jr. 1993
  • † Tate 1886
  • † Vredenburg 1928
  • † Abbass 1972
  • † Martin 1919
  • † Ihering 1907
  • † Olsson 1922
  • † Olsson 1931
  • † Adams 1856
  • † Lamarck
  • † Ward & Blackwelder 1987
  • † Meek & Hayden 1857
  • † Semper 1861
  • † Dall 1898
  • † Martin 1919
  • † Ortmann 1900
  • † Haanstra & Spiker 1932
  • † Tate 1886
  • † Dall 1894
  • † Dall 1898
  • † Stephenson 1923
  • † d'Archiac 1850
  • † Morningstar 1922
  • † Nyst 1844
  • † Arnold 1903
  • † Dockery 1982
  • † Dall 1898
  • † King 1850
  • † Marwick 1929
  • † Tenison Woods 1877
  • † Wood 1879
  • † Weisbord 1964
  • † Hall 1868
  • † Marwick 1929
  • † Conrad 1848
  • † Marwick 1931
  • † Weaver 1916

References[]

  1. ^ a b Fossilworks
  2. ^ Marine Microfauna Genus Trait Handbook
  3. ^ WoRMS
  • Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
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