Nyamwezi language
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Nyamwezi | |
---|---|
Region | Tanzania |
Ethnicity | Nyamwezi |
Native speakers | (1.5 million cited 1987–2016)[1] |
Language family | Niger–Congo?
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-2 | nym |
ISO 639-3 | Either:nym – Nyamwezikcz – Konongo |
Glottolog | nyam1276 Nyamwezikono1265 Konongo-Ruwila |
Guthrie code | F.22 [2] |
Nyamwezi is a major Bantu language of central Tanzania. It forms a dialect continuum with Sukuma, but is more distinct from other neighboring languages.
Nyamwezi proper and Konongo are often considered distinct languages. Ruwila may be a third.[3]
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | plain | p b | t d | ɟ | k ɡ | |||
prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮɟ | ᵑɡ | ||||
Affricate | plain | c͡ʃ | ||||||
prenasal | ᶮc͡ʃ | |||||||
Fricative | plain | β | f v | s z | ʃ | h | ||
prenasal | ᶬf ᶬv | ⁿs ⁿz | ᶮʃ | |||||
Nasal | m̥ m | n̥ n | ɲ̊ ɲ | ŋ̊ ŋ | ||||
Approximant | l | j | w |
- Prenasalized voiceless stops [ᵐp ⁿt] may also frequently occur, as a result of loan words.
- Nasal sounds /m ŋ/ may also occur as labialized [mʷ ŋʷ].
Vowels[]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i iː | u uː | |
ɪ ɪː | ʊ ʊː | ||
Mid | ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː | |
Low | a aː |
Tones[]
Tones present in Nyamwezi are high /v́/, low /v̀/, and rising /v̌/.[4]
References[]
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