Genus of cephalopods
Octopus is the largest genus of octopuses , comprising more than 100 species. These species are widespread throughout the world's oceans. Many species formerly placed in the genus Octopus are now assigned to other genera within the family Octopodidae .[1] [2]
Species [ ]
(Sasaki, 1920) (taxon inquirendum)
Berry, 1953
* Iw. Taki, 1964 (taxon inquirendum)
Hoyle, 1904 (taxon inquirendum)
Krauss, 1848
Hoyle, 1885 – hammer octopus
Voss, 1971
Gray, 1849
Stanks & Norman, 1992 – southern keeled octopus
Octopus bimaculatus Verrill, 1883 – California two-spot octopus or Verrill's two-spot octopus
Octopus bimaculoides Pickford & McConnaughey, 1949 – California two-spot octopus
Adam, 1941 – Bock's pygmy octopus
Octopus briareus Robson, 1929 – Caribbean reef octopus
Norman, 2001
Berry, 1911 – North Pacific bigeye octopus
Smith, 1902
Octopus chierchiae Jatta, 1889 – lesser Pacific striped octopus
Sasaki, 1917 – chestnut octopus
Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 – big blue octopus or Cyane's octopus,
Kaneko & Kubodera, 2008 [3]
Gray, 1849
Blainville, 1826 (taxon inquirendum)
Howell, 1867
Berry, 1953 – Fitch's pygmy octopus
Sasaki, 1929 (taxon inquirendum)
Hoyle, 1905
Appellöf, 1886 (taxon inquirendum) – globe octopus
Huffard, 2007 [4]
Norman, 2001
Sasaki, 1929
Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852
Hoyle, 1885 (taxon inquirendum)
Berry, 1953 – Hubb's octopus
Huffard, 2007 [4]
Adam, 1936 – bumblebee two-spot octopus or Caribbean two-spot octopus[5]
Benham, 1943
Kaneko & Kubodera, 2007
Octopus insularis Leite & Haimovici, 2008 [6]
Pratt, Baldwin & Vecchione, 2020 [7]
Octopus joubini Robson, 1929 - Atlantic pygmy octopus or small-egg Caribbean pygmy octopus
O'Shea, 1999
Octopus kaurna Stranks, 1990 – southern sand octopus
Octopus kermedecensis Berry , 1914
Kaneko & Kubodera, 2005
(Sasaki, 1917) (taxon inquirendum)
Huffard, 2007 [4]
Octopus maya Voss & Solís, 1966 – Mexican four-eyed octopus
Octopus mercatoris Adam, 1937
O'Shea, 1999
Goodrich, 1896
Berry, 1953 – California Lilliput octopus
Norman, 2001
Octopus mimus Gould, 1852
Octopus minor (Sasaki, 1920) (taxon inquirendum)
O. m. minor (Sasaki, 1920) · accepted, alternate representation
Taki, 1942
Dong, 1976 (taxon inquirendum)
Adam, 1973
Lesson, 1831 (taxon inquirendum)
Steenstrup in Hoyle, 1885
(Sasaki, 1920) (taxon inquirendum)
Octopus oculifer Hoyle, 1904 – Galapagos reef octopus
Octopus oliveri (Berry, 1914)
(Sasaki, 1929) (taxon inquirendum)
Octopus pallidus Hoyle, 1885 – pale octopus
Sasaki, 1917 – Japanese pygmy octopus
Berry, 1954
Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889 ('nomen dubium)
Adam, 1939 (taxon inquirendum)
Octopus pricei * Berry, 1913 (taxon inquirendum)
Norman & Sweeney, 1997
Norman, Hochberg & C. C. Lu, 1997
Octopus rubescens Berry, 1953 – East Pacific red octopus
Octopus salutii Vérany, 1836 – spider octopus
Robson, 1929
Octopus sasakii Taki, 1942 (taxon inquirendum)
Voss, 1971 – moon octopus
Voss, 1971
Sasaki, 1920 (taxon inquirendum)
frilled pygmy octopus
Octopus tehuelchus d'Orbigny, 1834 – Tehuelche or Patagonian octopus
Smith, 1884
Octopus tetricus Gould, 1852 – gloomy octopus or common Sydney octopus
Sasaki, 1920 (taxon inquirendum)
Sasaki, 1920 (taxon inquirendum)
Berry, 1953 – veiled octopus
Hoyle, 1885
Hoyle, 1885 – bighead octopus
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier , 1797 – common octopus
Stranks, 1990 – club pygmy octopus
Octopus wolfi (Wülker, 1913) – star-sucker pygmy octopus
(Sasaki, 1920) (taxon inquirendum)
Voss, 1968 – Atlantic banded octopus
The species listed above with an asterisk (*) are questionable and need further study to determine if they are valid species or synonyms .[8]
Species brought into synonymy
show List of synonyms in the genus Octopus
Octopus abaculus Norman & Sweeney, 1997: synonym of (Norman & Sweeney, 1997)
Octopus aculeatus d'Orbigny, 1834: synonym of Abdopus aculeatus (d'Orbigny, 1834)
Octopus adamsi]' Benham, 1944 : synonym of Benham, 1943
Octopus aegina Gray, 1849: synonym of (Gray, 1849)
Octopus albus Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus alderii Vérany, 1851: synonym of Callistoctopus macropus (Risso, 1826)
Octopus alpheus , Capricorn night octopus: synonym of (Norman, 1993)
Octopus alpheus Norman, 1993: synonym of (Norman, 1993)
Octopus americanus Froriep, 1806: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus apollyon (S. S. Berry, 1912): synonym of Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910)
Octopus arcticus Prosch, 1849: synonym of Bathypolypus arcticus (Prosch, 1849)
Octopus areolatus de Haan, 1839: synonym of Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839)
Octopus aspilosomatis Norman, 1993, plain-body night octopus: synonym of (Norman, 1993)
Octopus bairdii Verrill, 1873: synonym of (Verrill, 1873)
Octopus bakerii d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of Octopus americanus Montfort, 1802: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus bermudensis Hoyle, 1885: synonym of (Gould, 1852)
Octopus bitentaculatus Risso, 1854: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus brevitentaculatus Blainville, 1826: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus brocki Ortmann, 1888: synonym of Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839)
Octopus bunurong Stranks, 1990: synonym of Callistoctopus bunurong (Stranks, 1990) – southern white-spot octopus
Octopus burryi Voss, 1950: synonym of (Voss, 1950)
Octopus carolinensis Verrill, 1884: synonym of (Verrill, 1884), Carolinian octopus
Octopus cassiopea Gray, 1849: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus cassiopeia Gray, 1849 (incorrect subsequent spelling of specific epithet): synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus catenulatus Philippi, 1844: synonym of Ocythoe tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814
Octopus chromatus Heilprin, 1888: synonym of (Gould, 1852)
Octopus cirrhosus Lamarck, 1798: synonym of Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798)
Octopus cocco Risso, 1854: synonym of (Delle Chiaje [in de Férussac & d'Orbigny], 1841)
Octopus cocco Vérany, 1846: synonym of (Delle Chiaje, 1830)
Octopus coerulescentes Fra Piero, 1895: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus communis Park, 1885: synonym of Macroctopus maorum (Hutton, 1880)
Octopus cuvieri d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of (d'Orbigny, 1826)
Octopus dana Robson, 1929: synonym of Macrotritopus defilippi (Vérany, 1851)
Octopus defilippi Vérany, 1851: synonym of Macrotritopus defilippi (Vérany, 1851) Atlantic longarm octopus or Lilliput longarm octopus
Octopus didynamus Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Callistoctopus macropus (Risso, 1826)
Octopus dierythraeus Norman, 1992: synonym of (Norman, 1992) – red-spot night octopus
Octopus digueti Perrier & Rochebrune, 1894: synonym of (Perrier & Rochebrune, 1894) – Diguet's pygmy octopus
Octopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910): synonym of Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910)
Octopus dollfusi Robson, 1928: synonym of (Gray, 1849)
Octopus duplex Hoyle, 1885: synonym of Quoy & Gaimard, 1832
Octopus equivocus Robson, 1929: synonym of Macrotritopus defilippi (Vérany, 1851)
Octopus ergasticus P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892: synonym of (P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892)
Octopus eudora Gray, 1849: synonym of Octopus americanus Montfort, 1802: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus exannulatus Norman, 1992: synonym of (Norman, 1992)
Octopus fangsiao d'Orbigny, 1839: synonym of Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839)
Octopus fasciatus Hoyle, 1886: synonym of Hapalochlaena fasciata (Hoyle, 1886)
Octopus fimbriatus d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of Abdopus horridus (d'Orbigny, 1826)
Octopus flindersi Cotton, 1932: synonym of Macroctopus maorum (Hutton, 1880)
Octopus fontanianus d'Orbigny, 1834: synonym of (d'Orbigny, 1834)
Octopus frayedus Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Callistoctopus macropus (Risso, 1826)
Octopus furvus Gould, 1852: synonym of (Gould, 1852)
Octopus geryonea Gray, 1849: synonym of Octopus americanus Montfort, 1802: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus gibbsi O'Shea, 1999: synonym of Octopus tetricus Gould, 1852
Octopus gilbertianus Berry, 1912: synonym of Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910)
Octopus glaber Wülker, 1920: synonym of Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849
Octopus gracilis Verrill, 1884: synonym of (Robson, 1929)
Octopus gracilis Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852: synonym of (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852)
Octopus granosus Blainville, 1826: synonym of Callistoctopus macropus (Risso, 1826)
Octopus granulatus Lamarck, 1799: synonym of (Lamarck, 1799)
Octopus graptus Norman, 1992: synonym of (Norman, 1992) – scribbled night octopus
Octopus groenlandicus Steenstrup, 1856: synonym of Bathypolypus arcticus (Prosch, 1849)
Octopus guangdongensis Dong, 1976: synonym of (Dong, 1976)
Octopus hardwickei Gray, 1849: synonym of (Gray, 1849)
Octopus harmandi Rochebrune, 1882: synonym of Abdopus aculeatus (d'Orbigny, 1834)
Octopus herdmani Hoyle, 1904: synonym of Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849
Octopus heteropus Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus horridus d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of Abdopus horridus (d'Orbigny, 1826)
Octopus horsti Joubin, 1898: synonym of Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849
Octopus hoylei (S. S. Berry, 1909): synonym of (S. S. Berry, 1909)
Octopus indicus Rapp, 1835: synonym of (Rapp, 1835)
Octopus januarii Hoyle, 1885: synonym of (Hoyle, 1885)
Octopus kagoshimensis Ortmann, 1888: synonym of (Ortmann, 1888)
Octopus kempi Robson, 1929: synonym of Macrotritopus defilippi (Vérany, 1851)
Octopus kermadecensis (Berry, 1914): synonym of Callistoctopus kermadecensis (Berry, 1914)
Octopus koellikeri Vérany, 1851: synonym of Tremoctopus violaceus delle Chiaje, 1830
Octopus lechenaultii d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of (d'Orbigny, 1826)
Octopus leioderma (Berry, 1911): synonym of (Berry, 1911)
Octopus lentus Verrill, 1880: synonym of (Verrill, 1873)
Octopus leschenaultii d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of Callistoctopus macropus (Risso, 1826)
Octopus leucoderma San Giovanni, 1829: synonym of (San Giovanni, 1829)
Octopus lobensis Castellanos & Menni, 1969: synonym of Octopus tehuelchus d'Orbigny, 1834 – lobed octopus
Octopus lothei Chun, 1913: synonym of (P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892)
Octopus lunulatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of Hapalochlaena lunulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)
Octopus luteus (Sasaki, 1929): synonym of (Sasaki, 1929) – starry night octopus
Octopus macropodus Sangiovanni, 1829: synonym of Callistoctopus macropus (Risso, 1826)
Octopus macropus Risso, 1826: synonym of Callistoctopus macropus (Risso, 1826) – Atlantic white-spotted octopus
Octopus maculatus Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus maculosus Hoyle, 1883: synonym of Hapalochlaena maculosa (Hoyle, 1883)
Octopus magnificus Villanueva, Sanchez & Compagno, 1992: synonym of Enteroctopus magnificus (Villanueva, Sanchez & Compagno, 1992)
Octopus maorum Hutton, 1880: synonym of Macroctopus maorum (Hutton, 1880) – Maori octopus
Octopus marginatus Taki, 1964: synonym of Amphioctopus marginatus (Iw. Taki, 1964)
Octopus marmoratus Hoyle, 1885: synonym of Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849
Octopus membranaceus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)
Octopus microstomus Reynaud, 1830: synonym of Tremoctopus violaceus delle Chiaje, 1830
Octopus moschatus Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus moschatus Lamarck, 1798: synonym of Eledone moschata (Lamarck, 1798)
Octopus mototi Norman, 1992: synonym of (Norman, 1992)
Octopus neglectus Nateewathana & Norman, 1999: synonym of (Nateewathana & Norman, 1999)
Octopus nierstraszi W. Adam, 1938: synonym of Hapalochlaena nierstraszi (W. Adam, 1938)
Octopus nierstrazi [sic]: synonym of Octopus nierstrasz i W. Adam, 1938: synonym of Hapalochlaena nierstraszi (W. Adam, 1938)
Octopus niger Risso, 1854: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus niger Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus nocturnus Norman & Sweeney, 1997: synonym of (Norman & Sweeney, 1997)
Octopus obesus Verrill, 1880: synonym of (Verrill, 1873)
Octopus ocellatus Gray, 1849: synonym of Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839)
Octopus octopodia Tryon, 1879: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus ornatus Gould, 1852: synonym of Callistoctopus ornatus (Gould, 1852) – ornate octopus or white-striped octopus
Octopus ovulum Sasaki, 191: synonym of (Sasaki, 1917)
Octopus rapanui Voss, 1979: synonym of (Voss, 1979)
Octopus patagonicus Lönnberg, 1898: synonym of Enteroctopus megalocyathus (Gould, 1852)
Octopus pictus Brock, 1882: synonym of Hapalochlaena fasciata (Hoyle, 1886)
Octopus pictus Verrill, 1883: synonym of Hoyle, 1886
Octopus pilosus Risso, 1826: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus piscatorum Verrill, 1879: synonym of (Verrill, 1873)
Octopus polyzenia Gray, 1849: synonym of (Gray, 1849)
Octopus punctatus Gabb, 1862: synonym of Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910)
Octopus pustulosus Sasaki, 1920: synonym of Octopus madokai Berry, 1921
Octopus rabassin Risso, 1854: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus reticularis Petangna, 1828: synonym of Ocythoe tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814
Octopus rex Nateewathana & Norman, 1999: synonym of (Nateewathana & Norman, 1999)
Octopus robsoni Adam, 1941: synonym of (Adam, 1941)
Octopus robustus Brock, 1887: synonym of Hapalochlaena fasciata (Hoyle, 1886)
Octopus roosevelti]' Stuart, 1941: synonym of Octopus oculifer Hoyle, 1904
Octopus ruber Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus rufus Risso, 1854: synonym of (Delle Chiaje [in de Férussac & d'Orbigny], 1841)
Octopus salebrosus Sasaki, 1920: synonym of Sasakiopus salebrosus (Sasaki, 1920)
Octopus saluzzii Naef, 1923: synonym of Octopus salutii Vérany, 1836
Octopus saluzzii Vérany, 1840: synonym of Octopus salutii Vérany, 1836
Octopus scorpio (Berry, 1920): synonym of Macrotritopus defilippi (Vérany, 1851)
Octopus semipalmatus Owen, 1836: synonym of Tremoctopus violaceus delle Chiaje, 1830
Octopus siamensis Nateewathana & Norman, 1999: synonym of (Nateewathana & Norman, 1999)
Octopus smedleyi Robson, 1932: synonym of (Gray, 1849)
Octopus sponsalis Fischer & Fischer, 1892: synonym of Bathypolypus sponsalis (P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892)
Octopus striolatus Dong, 1976: synonym of Amphioctopus marginatus (Iw. Taki, 1964)
Octopus taprobanensis Robson, 1926: synonym of (Robson, 1926)
Octopus tenuicirrus Sasaki, 1929: synonym of Hoyle, 1885
Octopus tetracirrhus Delle Chiaje, 1830: synonym of (Delle Chiaje, 1830)
Octopus tetradynamus Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus titanotus Troschel, 1857: synonym of (Delle Chiaje, 1830)
Octopus tonganus Hoyle, 1885: synonym of (Hoyle, 1885)
Octopus tritentaculatus Risso, 1854: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus troscheli Targioni-Tozzetti, 1869: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus troschelii Targioni-Tozzetti, 1869: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus tuberculatus Risso, 1854: synonym of Ocythoe tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814
Octopus tuberculatus Targioni-Tozzetti, 1869: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus tuberculatus de Blainville, 1826: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Octopus unicirrhus Delle Chiaje [in de Férussac & d'Orbigny], 1841: synonym of (Delle Chiaje [in de Férussac & d'Orbigny], 1841)
Octopus varunae Oommen, 1971: synonym of (Oommen, 1971)
Octopus velatus Rang, 1837: synonym of Tremoctopus violaceus delle Chiaje, 1830
Octopus velifer de Férussac, 1835: synonym of Tremoctopus violaceus delle Chiaje, 1830
Octopus veranyi Wagner, 1829: synonym of Ocythoe tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814
Octopus vincenti Pickford, 1955: synonym of (Voss, 1950)
Octopus violaceus Risso, 1854: synonym of Ocythoe tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814
Octopus westerniensis d'Orbigny, 1834: synonym of Quoy & Gaimard, 1832
Octopus winckworthi Robson, 1926: synonym of Macrochlaena winckworthi (Robson, 1926)
References [ ]
^ Gofas, S. (2013). "Octopus Cuvier 1798" . World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 31 March 2014 .
^ Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Octopus Cuvier, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138268 on 2015-02-01
^ Kaneko, N. & Kubodera, T. (2008). "Two new species of pygmy octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from deep water off the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan. " Molluscan Research 28 (3): 145–157.
^ Jump up to: a b c Huffard, C.L. (2007). Four new species of shallow water pygmy octopus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Kingdom of Tonga . Molluscan Research 27 (3): 147–170.
^ Octopus hummelincki Adam, 1936 (Mollusca, Cephalopoda): specific name conserved Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
^ Leite, T. S.; Haimovici, M.; Molina, W.; Warnke, K. (2007). "Morphological and genetic description of Octopus insularis , a new cryptic species in the Octopus vulgaris complex (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from the tropical southwestern Atlantic" (PDF) . Journal of Molluscan Studies . 74 (1): 63–74. doi :10.1093/mollus/eym050 .
^ Pratt, Abigail; Baldwin, Carole; Vecchione, Michael (2020-04-01). "Octopods of deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean including description of one newly discovered species" . Bulletin of Marine Science . 96 (2): 297–308. doi :10.5343/bms.2019.0040 .
^ Sweeney, M.J. (2001). "Current Classification of Recent Cephalopoda" (PDF) . – updated May 4, 2001. 59 pp.
External links [ ]