Odontoglossum
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2008) |
| Odontoglossum | |
|---|---|
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| Odontoglossum crispum | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Cymbidieae |
| Subtribe: | Oncidiinae |
| Genus: | Odontoglossum Kunth |
| Type species | |
| Odontoglossum epidendroides Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth 1816
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| Species | |
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See text | |
Odontoglossum, first named in 1816 by Karl Sigismund Kunth, is a genus of about 100 orchids. The scientific name is derived from the Greek words odon (tooth) and glossa (tongue), referring to the two tooth-like calluses on the base of the lip.[1] This genus of cool to cold growing orchids is to be found on open spots in the humid cloud forest at higher elevations from Central- and West South America to Guyana, with most species around the northern Andes. The abbreviation for this genus is Odm. in the horticultural trade.[2]
Most are sympodial epiphytes, or rarely terrestrials.
The pseudobulbs are compact with leaf-like bracts at the base. They give one to three apical leaves. An arching (and sometimes erect) inflorescence grows from its base. The ruffled sepals and petals of these spectacular flowers are spreading. The lip is rather complex, entire or with three lobes. It stands erect or parallel to the long column. The high altitude species show long inflorescences with up to 150 flowers (as in O. cirrhosum), while the lower altitude species have shorter inflorescences with up to 20 flowers. These flowers may be white, red, purple, brown, yellow, or even be blotched with a showy blend of many colors.
Many of these species are in great demand with orchid lovers because of their spectacular and flamboyant flowers.
Species[]
This genus used to contain more than 400 species. Many have now been reclassified in other genera such as Amparoa, Aspasia, Cochlioda, Cuitlauzina, Cyrtochilum, Gomesa, Lemboglossum, Mesoglossum, Miltonia, Miltonioides, Oliveriana, Oncidium, Osmoglossum, Otoglossum, Rhynchostele, Rossioglossum and Ticoglossum. This new genera occurred outside the Andes in different climatological habitats.
There is some debate going on whether Odontoglossum is a separate genus or if most or even all species should be included in Oncidium. If the latter opinion is followed (see Genera Orchidacearum by Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip J. Cribb, Mark W. Chase, and Finn N. Rasmussen) most species in the list below are actually called Oncidiums.
The following list gives the presently accepted names. There are six subgenera : Erectolobata, Lindleyana, Nevadensia, Odontoglossum, Serratolaminata and Unguisepala.
- P.Ortiz 2005 (Colombia)
- P.Ortiz 2001 (Colombia)
- Dalström 2001 (Peru)
- Rchb.f. 1876 : Armed Odontoglossum (Ecuador)
- F.Lehm. 1895 : Shield-leather Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Linden & Rchb.f. 1867 (Ecuador to Peru)
- (Rchb.f.) Garay, 1970 (Bolivia)
- Rolfe 1892 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum blandum Rchb.f. 1870 : Charming Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Rchb.f. 1888 (Venezuela)
- D.E.Benn. & Christenson 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum cirrhosum Lindl. 1833 : Wavy Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)(sometimes terrestrial)
- Odontoglossum constrictum Lindl. 1843 : Constricted Odontoglossum (Venezuela)
- D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Rchb.f. 1874 : Hairy Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum crispum Lindl. 1845 : Curled Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- Rchb.f. 1878 (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum cristatellum subsp. cristatellum (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum cristatellum subsp. lehmannii Rchb.f. Bockemühl 1989 (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Lindl. in G.Bentham 1845 : Comb-Like Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru) (occasionally terrestrial)
Odontoglossum cristatum - Odontoglossum crocidipterum Rchb.f., 1871 : Saffron-yellow Two-winged Odontoglossum (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum crocidipterum subsp. crocidipterum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum crocidipterum subsp. dormanianum (Rchb.f.) Bockemühl 1989 (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum cruentum Rchb.f., 1873 : Blood-red Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Kraenzl. 1906 (Peru)
- C.Schweinf. 1945 : Fingered Odontoglossum (Peru)
- Rchb.f., 1884 (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Dalström 1999 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum epidendroides Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth 1816 : Epidendrum-like Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum gloriosum Linden & Rchb.f. 1854 : Glorious Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum hallii Lindl. 1837 : Hall's Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador) (occasionally terrestrial)
- Odontoglossum harryanum Rchb.f., 1886 : Harry's Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru) (after Harry Veitch)
- Königer 1994 (Bolivia)
- Königer 1997 (Ecuador)
- (Rchb.f.) Garay, 1978 (Venezuela)
- Rchb.f. 1888 (Peru)
- Schltr. 1921 : Junin Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- E.Morren, 1877 : Kegel's Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Rchb.f. 1868 (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama)
Odontoglossum krameri - Odontoglossum lindleyanum Rchb.f. & Warsz. 1854 : Lindley's Odontoglossum (Venezuela to Ecuador)
- D.E.Benn. & Christenson 2001 (Peru)
- Rchb.f. 1886 : Lucien's Odontoglossum (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum luteopurpureum Lindl. 1846 (Colombia)
- D.E.Benn. & Christenson 2001 (Peru)
- Mansf. 1934 (Bolivia)
- Dalström 1993 (Bolivia)
- Rchb.f. 1882 : Grand Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)
Odontoglossum mirandum - Rchb.f. 1876 : Many-starred Odontoglossum (Peru)
- Odontoglossum naevium Lindl. 1850 : Spotted Odontoglossum (Colombia to Guyana)
- Rchb.f. 1870 : The High Mountain Odontoglossum (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum nobile Rchb.f. 1850 : Grand Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum odoratum Lindl., 1846 : Fragrant Odontoglossum (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Dalström 2001 (Peru)
- Bockemühl 1985 (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum portmannii Bockemühl, 1988 (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
- Odontoglossum portmannii subsp. cohrsiae Bockemühl 1988 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum portmannii subsp. portmannii (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum portmannii Bockemühl, 1988 (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
- P.Ortiz 1997 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum praenitens Rchb.f. 1875 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum praestans Rchb.f. & Warsz., 1854 (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
- D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Bockemühl 1986 (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Rchb.f. 1887 : Beak-flowered Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum sanderianum Rchb.f., 1881 (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Rchb.f. & Warsz. 1854 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum sceptrum var. facetum (Rchb.f.) Bockemühl, 1989 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum sceptrum var. sceptrum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum schillerianum Rchb.f. 1854 (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum spectatissimum Lindl. 1852 (Venezuela to Ecuador)
- Rchb.f. 1876 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum tenue Cogn. 1895 : Delicate Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Dalström 1996 : Delicate-leafed Odontoglossum(Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum tripudians Rchb.f. & Warsz. 1854 (Colombia) (occasionally terrestrial)
- Rchb.f., 1874 (Ecuador to Peru)
- Senghas 2000 (Bolivia)
- Linden & Rchb.f., 1870 (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Gurney Wilson 1928 : Wyatt's Odontoglossum (Peru)
Natural hybrids[]
- Odontoglossum × acuminatissimum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. cristatum × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × adrianae L.Linden 1879 (O. nobile × O. luteopurpureum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × andersonianum Rchb.f. 1868 (O. crispum × O. gloriosum) (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum × brandtii Kraenzl. & Wittm., G 1889 (O. cirrhosum × O. nobile) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × cookianum Rolfe, 1891 (O. sanderianum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × coradinei Rchb.f. 1872 (O. crispum × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × dicranophorum Rchb.f., 1888 (O. lindleyanum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × elegans Rchb.f. 1879 (O. cirrhosum × O. cristatum) (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum × excellens Rchb.f. 1881 (O. nobile × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × godseffianum Rolfe, 1894 (O. auriculatum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × hennisii Rolfe, 1894 (O. kegeljani × O. tenue) (Peru)
- Odontoglossum × hinnus Rchb.f., 1870 (O. hallii × O. cirrhosum) (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum × kraenzlinii O'Brien, 1893 (O. naevium × O. schillerianum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × leeanum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. crocodipterum × O. schillerianum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × limbatum Rchb.f. 1870 (O. nobile × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × marriottianum Rchb.f. 1881 (O. crispum × O. hallii) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × mulus Rchb.f., 1870 (O. luteopurpureum × O. gloriosum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × murrellianum Rchb.f. 1875 (O. naevium × O. nobile) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × schroederianum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. nobile × O. tripudians) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × stellimicans Rchb.f. 1884 (O. lindleyanum × O. tripudians) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × wilckeanum Rchb.f. 1880 (O. crispum × O. luteopurpureum) (Colombia to Venezuela)
Intergeneric hybrids[]
Odontoglossum lends itself to the production of many artificial intergeneric hybrids. The hybrids with red pigmentation are nearly all derived from a crossing with the genus Cochlioda and especially with Cochlioda noezliana.
If the merge of Odontoglossum into Oncidium is followed, most of following nothogenus names are obsolete :
xBeallara "Marfitch Howards Dream"
- xAdaglossum : Ada x Odontoglossum
- xAlexanderara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xAndreettara J.M.H.Shaw : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xAspodonia : Aspasia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBakerara : Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBaldwinara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBanfieldara : Ada x Brassia x Odontoglossum
- xBarbosaara : Cochlioda x Gomesa x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBaumannara : Comparettia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBeallara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBiltonara : Ada x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBlackara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBrassia R. Br. 1813 Cochlioda Lindl. 1853 × Miltonia Lindl. 1837 × Odontoglossum Kunth 1816
- xBrillandeara : Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBrummittara : Comparettia x Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
- xBurkhardtara : Leochilus x Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
- xBurrageara : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xCambria : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Oncidium x Odontoglossum
- xCampbellara : Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
- xCarpenterara : Baptistonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xColmanara : Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xDegarmoara : Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xDerosaara : Odontoglossum x Miltonia x Aspasia x Brassia
- xDoncollinara : Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
- xGomoglossum : Gomesa x Odontoglossum
- xGoodaleara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xHamiltonara : Ada x Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xKriegerara : Ada x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xLagerara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xMaclellanara : Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xMaunderara : Ada x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xMiltodontrum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Miltonia Lindl. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.).
- xMorrisonara : Ada x Odontoglossum x Miltonia
- xOdontioda : Odontoglossum x Cochlioda
- xOdontobrassia : Brassia x Odontoglossum
- xOdontocentrum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.).
- xOdontocidium : Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xOdontokoa J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Zelenkoa M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams).
- xOdontonia : Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xOdontopilia : Odontoglossum x Trichopilia
- xOdontorettia : Comparettia x Odontoglossum
- xOdontozelencidium J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Oncidium Sw. x Zelenkoa M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams).
- xRhyntonossum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Miltonia Lindl. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Rhynchostele Rchb.f.).
- xRichardsonara : Aspasia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xRoccaforteara : Odontoglossum x Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda
- xRodriglossum : Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
- xRuppara : Gomesa x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xSanderara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xSchafferara : Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xSegerara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Oncidium x Odontoglossum
- xShiveara : Aspasia x Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xStewartara : Ada x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xVanalstyneara : Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
- xVuylstekeara : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xWatsonara J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Brassia R.Br. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Oncidium Sw. x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.)
- xWilsonara : Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xWingfieldara : Aspasia x Brassia x Odontoglossum
- xWithnerara : Aspasia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
References[]
- ^ Rassmann, Jim. "Odontoglossum". American Orchid Society. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ "Alphabetical List of Standard Abbreviations for Natural and Hybrid Generic Names" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
Categories:
- Odontoglossum
- Oncidiinae genera
- Epiphytic orchids