Oleanolic acid
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Preferred IUPAC name
(4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,12bR,14bS)-10-Hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-octadecahydropicene-4a(2H)-carboxylic acid | |
Other names
Oleanic acid
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Identifiers | |
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ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.347 |
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C30H48O3 | |
Molar mass | 456.711 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | White |
Melting point | > 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
what is ?) | (|
Infobox references | |
Oleanolic acid or oleanic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid related to betulinic acid. It is widely distributed in food and plants where it exists as a free acid or as an aglycone of triterpenoid saponins.[2]
Natural occurrence[]
Oleanolic acid can be found in olive oil, Phytolacca americana (American pokeweed), and Syzygium spp, garlic, etc. It was first studied and isolated from several plants, including Olea europaea[3] (leaves, fruit), Rosa woodsii (leaves), Prosopis glandulosa (leaves and twigs), Phoradendron juniperinum (whole plant), Syzygium claviflorum (leaves), Hyptis capitata (whole plant), Mirabilis jalapa[4] and Ternstroemia gymnanthera (aerial part). Other Syzygium species including java apple (Syzygium samarangense) and rose apples contain it, as does Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil).
Pharmacological research[]
Oleanolic acid is relatively non-toxic, hepatoprotective, and exhibits antitumor and antiviral properties.[5] Oleanolic acid was found to exhibit weak anti-HIV[6] and weak anti-HCV activities in vitro, but more potent synthetic analogs are being investigated as potential drugs.[7]
An extremely potent synthetic triterpenoid analog of oleanolic acid was found in 2005, that is a powerful inhibitor of cellular inflammatory processes. They work by the induction by IFN-γ of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and of cyclooxygenase 2 in mouse macrophages. They are extremely potent inducers of the (e.g., elevation of NADH-quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase 1), which is a major protector of cells against oxidative and electrophile stress.[8]
A 2002 study in Wistar rats found that oleanolic acid reduced sperm quality and motility, causing infertility. After withdrawing exposure, male rats regained fertility and successfully impregnated female rats.[9] Oleanolic acid is also used as standard for comparision of hyaluronidase, elastase and matrix-metalloproteinase-1 inhibition of other substances in primary research (similar to diclofenac sodium for comparision of analgesic activity).[10][11]
See also[]
- Ursolic acid
- Betulinic acid
- Moronic acid
- Momordin (saponin), a glycoside of oleanolic acid
- List of phytochemicals in food
References[]
- ^ "Oleanolic acid". Sigma-Aldrich. Merck. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
- ^ Pollier J, Goossens A (May 2012). "Oleanolic acid". Phytochemistry. 77: 10–15. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.12.022. PMID 22377690.
- ^ "Oleanolic acid (HMDB0002364)". HMDB. Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
- ^ Constituents of Mirabilis jalapa. Siddiqui S., Siddiqui B.S., Adil Q. and Begum S., Fitoterapia, 1990, Volume 61, No. 5, page 471 (abstract Archived 2014-01-04 at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ Liu J (December 1995). "Pharmacology of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid". J Ethnopharmacol. 49 (2): 57–68. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(95)90032-2. PMID 8847885.
- ^ Mengoni F, Lichtner M, Battinelli L, Marzi M, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V, Mazzanti G (February 2002). "In vitro anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid on infected human mononuclear cells". Planta Med. 68 (2): 111–4. doi:10.1055/s-2002-20256. PMID 11859458.
- ^ Yu F, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Peng Y, Qiu Y, Shi Y, et al. (June 2013). "Development of oleanane-type triterpenes as a new class of HCV entry inhibitors". J. Med. Chem. 56 (11): 4300–19. doi:10.1021/jm301910a. PMID 23662817.
- ^ Dinkova-Kostova AT, Liby KT, Stephenson KK, Holtzclaw WD, Gao X, Suh N, et al. (March 2005). "Extremely potent triterpenoid inducers of the phase 2 response: correlations of protection against oxidant and inflammatory stress". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (12): 4584–9. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.4584D. doi:10.1073/pnas.0500815102. PMC 555528. PMID 15767573.
- ^ Mdhluli MC, van der Horst G (October 2002). "The effect of oleanolic acid on sperm motion characteristics and fertility of male Wistar rats". Lab Anim. 36 (4): 432–7. doi:10.1258/002367702320389107. PMID 12396287. S2CID 34990111.
- ^ Maity N, Nema NK, Sarkar BK, Mukherjee PK (2012). "Standardized Clitoria ternatea leaf extract as hyaluronidase, elastase and matrix-metalloproteinase-1 inhibitor". Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 44 (5): 584–7. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.100381. PMC 3480789. PMID 23112418.
- ^ Nema, Neelesh Kumar; Maity, Niladri; Sarkar, Birendra Kumar; Mukherjee, Pulok Kumar (2013). "Matrix metalloproteinase, hyaluronidase and elastase inhibitory potential of standardized extract ofCentella asiatica". Pharmaceutical Biology. 51 (9): 1182–1187. doi:10.3109/13880209.2013.782505. ISSN 1388-0209. PMID 23763301. S2CID 24453413.
- Triterpenes
- Secondary alcohols
- Hydroxy acids