Outline of finance

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to finance:

Finance – addresses the ways in which individuals and organizations raise and allocate monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects.

Overview[]

The term finance may incorporate any of the following:

  • The study of money and other assets
  • The management and control of those assets
  • Profiling and managing project risks

Fundamental financial concepts[]

  • Finance
    • Arbitrage
    • Capital (economics)
    • Capital asset pricing model
    • Cash flow
    • Cash flow matching
    • Debt
      • Default
      • Consumer debt
      • Debt consolidation
      • Debt settlement
      • Credit counseling
      • Bankruptcy
      • Debt diet
      • Debt-snowball method
      • Debt of developing countries
    • Asset types
      • Real Estate
      • Securities
      • Commodities
      • Futures
      • Cash
    • Discounted cash flow
    • Financial capital
      • Funding
    • Financial modeling
    • Entrepreneur
      • Entrepreneurship
    • Fixed income analysis
    • Gap financing
    • Global financial system
    • Hedge
      • Basis risk
    • Interest rate
      • Risk-free interest rate
      • Term structure of interest rates
    • Short-rate model
    • Interest
      • Effective interest rate
      • Nominal interest rate
      • Interest rate basis
      • Fisher equation
      • Crowding out
      • Annual percentage rate
      • Interest coverage ratio
    • Investment
    • Leverage
    • Long (finance)
    • Liquidity
    • Margin (finance)
    • Mark to market
    • Market impact
    • Medium of exchange
    • Microcredit
    • Money
      • Money creation
      • Currency
      • Coin
      • Banknote
      • Counterfeit
      • History of money
      • Monetary reform
    • Portfolio
    • Reference rate
    • Return
      • Absolute return
      • Investment performance
      • Relative return
    • Risk
      • Financial risk
      • Risk management
        • Financial risk management
        • Uncompensated risk
      • Risk measure
        • Coherent risk measure
        • Deviation risk measure
        • Distortion risk measure
        • Spectral risk measure
        • Value at risk
          • Expected shortfall
          • Entropic value at risk
    • Scenario analysis
    • Short (finance)
    • Speculation
      • Day trading
    • Position trader
    • Spread trade
    • Standard of deferred payment
    • Store of value
    • Time horizon
    • Time value of money
      • Discounting
      • Present value
      • Future value
      • Net present value
      • Internal rate of return
      • Modified internal rate of return
      • Annuity
      • Perpetuity
    • Unit of account
    • Volatility
    • Yield
    • Yield curve

History[]

  • History of banking
  • History of insurance
  • Tulip mania (Dutch Republic), 1620s/1630s
  • South Sea Bubble (UK) & Mississippi Company (France), 1710s; see also Stock market bubble
  • Vix pervenit 1745, on usury and other dishonest profit
  • Panic of 1837 (US)
  • Railway Mania (UK), 1840s
  • Erie War (US), 1860s
  • Long Depression, 1873–1896 (mainly US and Europe, though other parts of the world were affected)
  • Post-World War I hyperinflation; see Hyperinflation and Inflation in the Weimar Republic
  • Wall Street Crash of 1929
  • Great Depression 1930s
  • Bretton Woods Accord 1944
  • 1973 oil crisis
  • 1979 energy crisis
  • Savings and Loan Crisis 1980s
  • Black Monday 1987
  • Asian financial crisis 1990s
  • Dot-com bubble 1995-2001
  • Stock market downturn of 2002
  • United States housing bubble
  • Financial crisis of 2007–08, followed by the Great Recession

Finance terms by field[]

Accounting (financial record keeping)[]

  • Auditing
  • Accounting software
  • Book keeping
  • FASB
  • Financial accountancy
    • Financial statements
      • Balance sheet
      • Cash flow statement
      • Income statement
  • Management accounting
  • Philosophy of Accounting
  • Working capital

Banking[]

  • See articles listed under: Bank § See also

Corporate finance[]

  • Balance sheet analysis
    • Financial ratio
  • Business plan
  • Capital budgeting
    • Investment policy
      • Business valuation
      • Stock valuation
      • Fundamental analysis
      • Real options
      • Valuation topics
      • Fisher separation theorem
    • Sources of financing
    • Securities
    • Debt
    • Initial public offering
    • Dividend policy
  • Corporate action
  • (Strategic) Financial management
    • Managerial finance
    • Management accounting
  • Mergers and acquisitions
  • Real options
  • Working capital management

Investment management[]

  • Active management
  • Efficient market hypothesis
  • Portfolio
  • Modern portfolio theory
    • Capital asset pricing model
  • Arbitrage pricing theory
  • Passive management
    • Index fund
  • Activist shareholder
  • Mutual fund
    • Open-end fund
    • Closed-end fund
    • List of mutual-fund families
  • Financial engineering
    • Long-Term Capital Management
  • Hedge fund
  • Hedge
  • #Quantitative investing, below

Personal finance[]

  • 529 plan (US college savings)
  • ABLE account (US plan for benefit of individuals with disabilities)
  • Asset allocation
    • Asset location
  • Budget
  • Coverdell Education Savings Account (Coverdell ESAs, formerly known as Education IRAs)
  • Credit and debt
  • Debit card
  • Direct deposit
  • Employment contract
    • Commission
    • Employee stock option
    • Employee or fringe benefit
    • Health insurance
    • Paycheck
    • Salary
    • Wage
  • Financial literacy
  • Insurance
  • Predatory lending
  • Retirement plan
    • Australia – Superannuation in Australia
    • Canada
      • Registered retirement savings plan
      • Tax-free savings account
    • Japan – Nippon individual savings account
    • New Zealand – KiwiSaver
    • United Kingdom
      • Individual savings account
      • Self-invested personal pension
    • United States
      • 401(a)
      • 401(k)
      • 403(b)
      • 457 plan
      • Keogh plan
      • Individual retirement account
    • Pension
  • Simple living
  • Social security
  • Tax advantage
  • Wealth
  • Comparison of accounting software
  • Personal financial management
  • Investment club
  • Collective investment scheme

Public finance[]

  • Central bank
  • Federal Reserve
  • Fractional-reserve banking
    • Deposit creation multiplier
  • Tax
    • Capital gains tax
    • Estate tax (and inheritance tax)
    • Gift tax
    • Income tax
    • Inheritance tax
    • Payroll tax
    • Property tax (including land value tax)
    • Sales tax (including value added tax, excise tax, and use tax)
    • Transfer tax (including stamp duty)
    • Tax advantage
    • Tax, tariff and trade
    • Tax amortization benefit
  • Crowding out
  • Industrial policy
  • Agricultural policy
  • Currency union
  • Monetary reform

Constraint finance[]

  • Environmental finance
  • Feminist economics
  • Green economics
  • Islamic economics
  • Uneconomic growth
  • Value of Earth
  • Value of life

Insurance[]

  • Actuarial science
  • Annuities
  • Catastrophe modeling
  • Earthquake loss
  • Extended coverage
  • Insurable interest
  • Insurable risk
  • Insurance
    • Health insurance
      • Disability insurance
      • Accident insurance
      • Flexible spending account
      • Health savings account
      • Long term care insurance
      • Medical savings account
    • Life insurance
      • Life insurance tax shelter
      • Permanent life insurance
      • Term life insurance
      • Universal life insurance
      • Variable universal life insurance
      • Whole life insurance
    • Property insurance
    • Casualty insurance
      • Fidelity bond
      • Liability insurance
      • Political risk insurance
      • Surety bond
      • Terrorism insurance
    • Credit insurance
      • Trade credit insurance
      • Payment protection insurance
      • Credit derivative
    • Mid-term adjustment
    • Reinsurance
    • Self insurance
    • Travel insurance
    • Niche insurance
  • Insurance contract
  • Loss payee clause
  • Risk Retention Group

Economics and finance[]

Mathematics and finance[]

Time value of money[]

  • Present value
  • Future value
  • Discounting
  • Net present value
  • Internal rate of return
  • Annuity
  • Perpetuity

Financial mathematics[]

Mathematical tools[]

Derivatives pricing[]

Portfolio mathematics[]

Financial markets[]

Market and instruments[]

  • Capital markets
  • Securities
  • Financial markets
  • Primary market
  • Initial public offering
  • Aftermarket
  • Free market
  • Bull market
  • Bear market
  • Bear market rally
  • Market maker
  • Dow Jones Industrial Average
  • Nasdaq
  • List of stock exchanges
  • List of stock market indices
  • List of corporations by market capitalization
  • Value Line Composite Index

Equity market[]

  • Stock market
  • Stock
  • Common stock
  • Preferred stock
  • Treasury stock
  • Equity investment
  • Index investing
  • Private Equity
  • Financial reports and statements
  • Fundamental analysis
  • Dividend
  • Dividend yield
  • Stock split

Equity valuation[]

  • Dow theory
  • Elliott wave principle
  • Economic value added
  • Fibonacci retracement
  • Gordon model
  • Growth stock
    • PEG ratio
    • PVGO
  • Mergers and acquisitions
  • Leveraged buyout
  • Takeover
  • Corporate raid
  • PE ratio
  • Market capitalization
  • Income per share
  • Stock valuation
  • Technical analysis
  • Chart patterns
  • Paper valuation

Investment theory[]

  • Behavioral finance
  • Dead cat bounce
  • Efficient market hypothesis
  • Market microstructure
  • Stock market crash
  • Stock market bubble
  • January effect
  • Mark Twain effect
  • Quantitative behavioral finance
  • Quantitative analysis (finance)
  • Statistical arbitrage

Bond market[]

  • Bond (finance)
  • Zero-coupon bond
  • Junk bonds
  • Convertible bond
  • Accrual bond
  • Municipal bond
  • Sovereign bond
  • Bond valuation
    • Yield to maturity
    • Bond duration
    • Bond convexity
  • Fixed income

Money market[]

  • Repurchase agreement
  • International Money Market
  • Currency
  • Exchange rate
  • International currency codes
  • Table of historical exchange rates

Commodity market[]

  • Commodity
    • Asset
    • Commodity Futures Trading Commission
    • Commodity trade
    • Drawdowns
    • Forfaiting
    • Fundamental analysis
    • Futures contract
    • Fungibility
    • Gold as an investment
    • Hedging
    • Jesse Lauriston Livermore
    • List of traded commodities
    • Ownership equity
    • Position trader
    • Risk (Futures)
    • Seasonal traders
    • Seasonal spread trading
    • Slippage
    • Speculation
    • Spread trade
    • Technical analysis
      • Breakout
      • Bear market
      • Bottom (technical analysis)
      • Bull market
      • MACD
      • Moving average
      • Open Interest
      • Parabolic SAR
      • Point and figure charts
      • Resistance
      • RSI
      • Stochastic oscillator
      • Stop loss
      • Support
      • Top (technical analysis)
    • Trade
    • Trend

Derivatives market[]

  • Derivative (finance)
  • (see also Financial mathematics topics; Derivatives pricing)
  • Underlying instrument

Forward markets and contracts[]

  • Forward contract

Futures markets and contracts[]

  • Backwardation
  • Contango
  • Futures contract
    • Financial future
      • Currency future
      • Interest rate future
      • Single-stock futures
      • Stock market index future
  • Futures exchange

Option markets and contracts[]

Swap markets and contracts[]

  • Swap (finance)
    • Interest rate swap
    • Basis swap
    • Asset swap
    • Forex swap
    • Stock swap
    • Equity swaps
    • Currency swap
    • Variance swap

Derivative markets by underlyings[]

Equity derivatives[]
  • Contract for difference (CFD)
  • Exchange-traded fund (ETF)
    • Closed-end fund
    • Inverse exchange-traded fund
  • Equity options
  • Equity swap
  • Real estate investment trust (REIT)
  • Warrants
    • Covered warrant
Interest rate derivatives[]
  • LIBOR
  • Forward rate agreement
  • Interest rate swap
  • Interest rate cap
  • Exotic interest rate option
  • Bond option
  • Interest rate future
  • Money market instruments
  • Range accrual Swaps/Notes/Bonds
  • Swap
  • Constant maturity swap (CMS) or Constant Treasury Swap (CTS) derivatives (swaps, caps, floors)
  • Interest rate Swaption
  • Bermudan swaptions
  • Cross currency swaptions
  • Power Reverse Dual Currency note (PRDC or Turbo)
  • (TARN)
  • CMS steepener
  • Snowball
  • Inverse floater
  • Strips of Collateralized mortgage obligation
  • Ratchet caps and floors
Credit derivatives[]
Foreign exchange derivative[]

Financial regulation[]

  • Corporate governance
  • Financial regulation
    • Bank regulation
      • Banking license
  • License

Designations and accreditation[]

  • Certified Financial Planner
  • Chartered Financial Analyst
    • CFA Institute
  • Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst
  • Professional risk manager
  • Chartered Financial Consultant
  • Canadian Securities Institute
  • Independent financial adviser
    • Chartered Insurance Institute
  • Financial risk manager
  • Chartered Market Technician
  • Certified Financial Technician

Litigation[]

  • Liabilities Subject to Compromise

Fraud[]

  • Forex scam
  • Insider trading
  • Legal origins theory
  • Petition mill
  • Ponzi scheme

Industry bodies[]

  • International Swaps and Derivatives Association
  • National Association of Securities Dealers

Regulatory bodies[]

International[]

  • Bank for International Settlements
  • International Organization of Securities Commissions
  • Security Commission
  • Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
  • Basel AccordsBasel I, Basel II, Basel III
  • International Association of Insurance Supervisors
  • International Accounting Standards Board

European Union[]

Regulatory bodies by country[]

United Kingdom[]
  • Financial Conduct Authority
  • Prudential Regulation Authority (United Kingdom)
United States[]
  • Commodity Futures Trading Commission
  • Federal Reserve
  • Federal Trade Commission
  • Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board
  • Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
  • Securities and Exchange Commission

United States legislation[]

Actuarial topics[]

  • Actuarial topics

Valuation[]

Note that this section is corporate-finance-focused; for the valuation of derivatives and interest rate / fixed income instruments see § Derivatives pricing above; for the economic theory see § Economics and finance above.

Underlying theory[]

  • Value (economics)
  • Valuation (finance) and specifically § Valuation overview
  • "The Theory of Investment Value"
  • Financial economics § Corporate finance theory
  • Valuation risk
  • Real versus nominal value (economics)
  • Real prices and ideal prices
  • Fair value
    • Fair value accounting
  • Intrinsic value
  • Market price
  • Value in use
  • Fairness opinion
  • Asset pricing (see also #Economics and finance above)
    • Equilibrium price
      • market efficiency
      • economic equilibrium
      • rational expectations
    • Arbitrage-free price
      • Rational pricing § Arbitrage free pricing
      • Rational pricing § Risk neutral valuation

Context[]

  • (Corporate) Bonds
    • Bond valuation
    • Bond (finance) § Bond valuation
    • Corporate bond § Valuation
  • Equity valuation
    • #Equity valuation above
    • Fundamental analysis
    • Stock valuation
    • Business valuation
    • Equity (finance) § Valuation
    • Intrinsic value (finance) § Equity
    • Capital budgeting and Corporate finance § Investment and project valuation
    • The Theory of Investment Value
  • Real estate valuation
    • Real estate appraisal
    • Real estate economics

Considerations[]

Discounted cash flow valuation[]

  • Bond valuation
    • Modelling
      • Present value § PV of a bond
      • Bond valuation § Present value approach
      • Bond valuation § Arbitrage-free pricing approach
      • embedded options:
    • Results
    • Cash flows
      • Principal (finance)
      • Coupon (bond)
      • Floating rate note
      • Zero-coupon bond
      • Accrual bond
      • sinking fund provisions
  • Real estate valuation
    • Intrinsic value (finance) § Real estate
    • Income approach
  • Equity valuation
    • Results
      • Net present value
      • Adjusted present value
      • Equivalent Annual Cost
      • Payback period
      • Discounted payback period
      • Internal rate of return
      • Modified Internal Rate of Return
      • Return on investment
      • Profitability index
    • Specific models and approaches
    • Modelling
      • Cash flow
        • Cash flow forecasting
        • Cash flow statement
        • Operating cash flow
        • EBIDTA
          • Depreciation § Effect on cash
        • NOPAT
        • Free cash flow
        • Dividends
        • Cash is king
        • Mid-year adjustment
        • Owner earnings
      • Required return (i.e. discount rate)
        • Cost of capital
        • Weighted average cost of capital
        • Cost of equity
        • Cost of debt
        • Capital Asset Pricing Model
        • Arbitrage pricing theory
        • Business valuation § Build-Up Method
          • Total Beta
        • T-model
          • cash-flow T-model
      • Terminal value
        • Forecast period (finance)
        • long term growth rate
          • Sustainable growth rate § From a financial perspective
          • Stock valuation § Growth rate
      • Forecasted financial statements
        • Financial forecast
        • Financial modeling § Accounting
        • Pro forma § Financial statements
        • Revenue
          • Revenue model
          • Revenue § Financial statement analysis
          • Revenue management § Forecasting
          • Net sales
        • Costs
          • Profit margin
            • Gross margin
            • Net margin
            • Cost of goods sold
          • Operating expenses
          • Cost driver
          • Fixed cost
          • Variable cost
          • Overhead cost
          • Value chain
          • activity based costing
          • common-size analysis
          • Profit model
        • Capital
          • Capital structure
          • common-size analysis
          • Equity (finance)
            • Shareholders' equity
            • Book_value
            • Retained earnings
          • Financial capital
            • Long term asset / Fixed asset
            • Long-term liabilities
              • Debt-to-equity ratio
              • Debt-to-capital ratio
          • Working capital

Relative valuation[]

Contingent claim valuation[]

  • Valuation techniques
    • general
    • as typically employed
      • Real options valuation
      • Rational pricing § The replicating portfolio
      • Financial economics § Corporate finance theory
      • Lattice model (finance) § Hybrid securities
      • Monte Carlo methods in finance
  • Applications
    • Corporate investments and projects
      • Real options
      • Corporate finance § Valuing flexibility
      • Contingent value rights
      • Business valuation § Option pricing approaches
    • Balance sheet assets and liabilities

Other approaches[]

  • "Fundamentals"-based (relying on accounting information)
    • T-model
    • Residual income valuation
    • Clean surplus accounting
    • Net asset value method
    • Excess earnings method
    • Historical earnings valuation
    • Future maintainable earnings valuation
    • Graham number

Portfolio theory[]

General concepts[]

  • Portfolio (finance)
  • Portfolio manager
  • Investment management
    • Active management
    • Passive management (Buy and hold)
      • Index fund
    • Core & Satellite
    • Smart beta
    • Expense ratio
    • Investment style
    • Investment strategy
      • Benchmark-driven investment strategy
      • Liability-driven investment strategy
  • Investor profile
  • Rate of return on a portfolio / Investment performance
  • Risk return ratio
  • Risk factor (finance)
  • Portfolio optimization
  • Diversification (finance)
  • Asset classes
  • Asset allocation
    • Tactical asset allocation
      • Global tactical asset allocation
    • Strategic asset allocation
    • Dynamic asset allocation
  • Sector rotation
  • Correlation & covariance
    • Covariance matrix
    • Correlation matrix
  • Risk-free interest rate
  • Leverage (finance)
  • Utility function
  • Intertemporal portfolio choice
  • Portfolio insurance
    • Constant proportion portfolio insurance
  • Mathematical finance § Risk and portfolio management: the P world
  • Quantitative investment / Quantitative fund (see below)

Modern portfolio theory[]

Post-modern portfolio theory[]

  • Optimization considerations
    • Pareto efficiency
    • Bayesian efficiency
    • Multiple-criteria decision analysis
    • Multi-objective optimization
    • Stochastic dominance
      • Second-order Stochastic dominance
      • Marginal conditional stochastic dominance
    • Downside risk
    • Risk parity
    • Tail risk parity
    • Volatility skewness
    • Semivariance
    • Expected shortfall (ES; also called conditional value at risk (CVaR), average value at risk (AVaR), expected tail loss (ETL))
    • Tail value at risk
    • Statistical dispersion
    • Discounted maximum loss
    • Indifference price

Performance measurement[]

Mathematical techniques[]

  • Modern portfolio theory § Mathematical model
  • Quadratic programming
    • Critical line method
  • Nonlinear programming
  • Mixed integer programming
  • Stochastic programming (§ Multistage portfolio optimization)
  • Copula (probability theory) (§ Quantitative finance)
  • Principal component analysis (§ Quantitative finance)
  • Deterministic global optimization
  • Genetic algorithm (List of genetic algorithm applications § Finance and Economics)
  • Machine learning (§ Applications)
  • Artificial neural network

Quantitative investing[]

  • Quantitative investing
  • Quantitative fund
  • Quantitative analysis (finance) § Quantitative investment management and § Algorithmic trading quantitative analyst
  • Trading:
    • Automated trading
    • High-frequency trading
    • Algorithmic trading
    • Program trading
    • Systematic trading
      • Technical analysis § Systematic trading
    • Trading strategy
    • Mirror trading
    • Copy trading
    • Social trading
    • VWAP
    • TWAP
  • Portfolio optimization:
  • Risks:
  • Discussion:
    • Automated trading system § Market disruption and manipulation
    • High-frequency trading § Risks and controversy
    • Algorithmic trading § Issues and developments
    • Positive feedback § Systemic risk
    • 2010 flash crash
    • Black Monday (1987) § Possible causes
    • Statistical arbitrage § StatArb and systemic risk: events of summer 2007

Financial software tools[]

  • Straight Through Processing Software
  • Technical Analysis Software
  • Fundamental Analysis Software
  • Algorithmic trading
  • Electronic trading platform
  • List of numerical analysis software
  • Comparison of numerical analysis software

Financial institutions[]

Financial institutions

  • Bank
    • List of banks
    • Advising bank
    • Central bank
      • List of central banks
    • Commercial bank
    • Community development bank
    • Cooperative bank
    • Custodian bank
    • Depository bank
    • Ethical bank
    • Investment bank
    • Islamic banking
    • Merchant bank
    • Microcredit
    • Mutual savings bank
    • National bank
    • Offshore bank
    • Private bank
    • Savings bank
    • Swiss bank
    • Bank holding company
  • Building society
  • Broker
    • Broker-dealer
    • Brokerage firm
    • Commodity broker
    • Insurance broker
    • Prime brokerage
    • Retail broker
    • Stockbroker
  • Clearing house
  • Commercial lender
  • Community development financial institution
  • Credit rating agency
  • Credit union
  • Diversified financial
  • Export Credit Agencies
  • Financial adviser
  • Financial intermediary
  • Financial planner
  • Futures exchange
  • Government sponsored enterprise
  • Hard money lender
  • Independent financial adviser
  • Industrial loan company
  • Insurance company
  • Investment adviser
  • Investment company
  • Investment trust
  • Large and Complex Financial Institutions
  • Mutual fund
  • Non-banking financial company
  • Savings and loan association
  • Stock exchange
    • List of stock exchanges
  • Trust company

Education[]

  • For the typical finance career path and corresponding education requirements see:
    • Financial analyst generally, and esp. § Qualification, discussing various investment, banking, and corporate roles (i.e. financial management, corporate finance, investment banking, securities analysis & valuation, portfolio & investment management, credit analysis, working capital & treasury management; see Financial modeling § Accounting)
    • Quantitative analyst, Quantitative analysis (finance) § Education and Financial engineering § Education, specifically re roles in quantitative finance (i.e. derivative pricing & hedging, interest rate modeling, financial risk management, financial engineering, computational finance; also, the mathematically-intensive variant on the banking roles; see Financial modeling § Quantitative finance)
  • Business education lists undergraduate degrees in business, commerce, accounting and economics; "finance" may be taken as a major in most of these, whereas "quantitative finance" is almost invariably postgraduate, following a math-focused Bachelors; the most common degrees for (entry level) investment, banking, and corporate roles are:
  • At the postgraduate level, the MBA, MCom and MSM (and often the Master of Applied Economics) similarly offer training in finance generally; at this level there are also the following specifically focused masters degrees - see Master of Finance § Comparison with other qualifications for their focus and inter-relation:
    • Master of Applied Finance (M.App.Fin)
    • Master of Computational Finance
    • Masters in Corporate Finance
    • Master of Finance (M.Fin, MIF)
    • Masters in Financial Analysis
    • Master of Financial Economics
    • Master of Financial Engineering (MFE)
    • Master of Financial Planning
    • Masters in Financial Management
    • Master of Financial Mathematics
    • Masters in Financial Risk Management
    • Masters in Investment Management
    • Master of Mathematical Finance
    • Master of Quantitative Finance (MQF)
    • Master of Science in Finance (MSF, MSc Finance)
    • Master of Science in Global Finance
  • Doctoral-training in finance is usually a requirement for academia, but not relevant to industry
    • quants often enter the profession with PhDs in disciplines such as physics, mathematics, engineering, and computer science, and learn finance "on the job”
    • as an academic field, finance theory is studied and developed within the disciplines of management, (financial) economics, accountancy, and applied / financial mathematics.
  • For specialized roles, there are various Professional Certifications in financial services (see #Designations and accreditation above); the best recognized are arguably:
    • Association of Corporate Treasurers (MCT / FCT)
    • Certificate in Quantitative Finance (CQF)
    • Certified Financial Planner (CFP)
    • Certified International Investment Analyst (CIIA)
    • Certified Treasury Professional (CTP)
    • Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst (CAIA)
    • Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA)
    • Chartered Wealth Manager (CWM)
    • CISI Diploma in Capital Markets (MCSI)
    • Financial Risk Manager (FRM)
    • Professional Risk Manager (PRM)
  • Various organizations offer executive education, CPD, or other focused training programs, including:
  • See also qualifications in related fields:
    • Accounting § Education, training and qualifications
    • Actuarial credentialing and exams
    • Business education
    • Credit analyst § Education
    • Economics education
    • Investment management § Education or certification
    • Management § Training

Related lists[]

  • Index of accounting articles
  • Outline of business management
  • Outline of marketing
  • Outline of economics
  • Outline of production
  • List of international trade topics
  • List of business law topics
  • List of business theorists
  • Actuarial topics

External links[]

Retrieved from ""