Overview of RESTful API Description Languages

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RESTful (representational state transfer) API (application programming interface) DLs (description languages) are formal languages designed to provide a structured description of a RESTful web API that is useful both to a human and for automated machine processing. API Description Languages are sometimes called interface description languages (IDLs). The structured description might be used to generate documentation for human programmers; such documentation may be easier to read than free-form documentation, since all documentation generated by the same tool follows the same formatting conventions. Additionally, the description language is usually precise enough to allow automated generation of various software artifacts, like libraries, to access the API from various programming languages, which takes the burden of manually creating them off the programmers.

History[]

There are two previous major description languages: WSDL2.0 (Web Services Description Language) and WADL (Web Application Description Language). Neither is widely adopted in the industry for describing RESTful APIs, citing poor human readability of both and WADL being actually unable to fully describe a RESTful API.[1]

Alternatives[]

Hypertext-driven APIs[]

An alternative approach to building RESTful APIs is known under the acronym HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State). In this approach, the client software is not written to a static interface description shared through documentation. Instead, the client is given a set of entry points and the API is discovered dynamically through interaction with these endpoints. HATEOAS was introduced in Roy Fielding's doctoral thesis Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures. HATEOAS has been the original vision for RESTful APIs which distinguished them from RPC mechanisms.[2]

List of RESTful API DLs[]

Comparison of RESTful API DLs[]

The community around RESTful API DLs is active and the landscape is still changing. According to a presentation by Akana, the most active projects in this area are OpenAPI, RAML and API Blueprint.[1]

Sponsor Initial commit Latest stable release Stable release date Software license[3] Format Open Source Code generation (client) Code generation (server)
RAML MuleSoft September, 2013 1.0 May 16, 2016 Apache 2.0 YAML Yes Yes Yes
OpenAPI Open API Initiative (OAI) July, 2011 3.0 February, 2021 Apache 2.0 JSON or YAML Yes Yes Yes

References[]

  1. ^ a b "API Description Languages". 12 August 2014.
  2. ^ Fielding, Roy. "REST APIs must be hypertext-driven". Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  3. ^ Licenses here are a summary, and are not taken to be complete statements of the licenses. Some packages may use libraries under different licenses.

External links[]

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