PM M1910

Pulemyot Maxima PM1910
("Maxim's Machine Gun Model 1910/30")
Pulemyot Maxima PM1910; ("Maxim's Machine Gun Model 1910/30")
Type	Medium machine gun
Place of origin	Russian Empire
Service history
In service	1910–present
Used by	See users
Wars	World War I; Russian Revolution; Russian Civil War; Turkish War of Independence; Polish–Soviet War; Finnish Civil War; Estonian War of Independence; Warlord Era; Spanish Civil War; Winter War; Chinese Civil War; World War II; Second Sino-Japanese War; Korean War; Vietnam War; Syrian Civil War[citation needed]; War in Donbas, others
Production history
Designed	1909–10
Produced	1910–39; 1941–45
No. built	at least 176,000[citation needed]
Specifications
Mass	62.66 kg (138.1 lb)
Length	1,067 mm (42 in)
Barrel length	721 mm (28.4 in)
Cartridge	7.62×54mmR
Caliber	7.62 mm
Action	Short recoil, toggle locked
Rate of fire	600 round/min
Muzzle velocity	740 m/s (2,427 ft/s)
Feed system	250-round belt

The Pulemyot Maxima PM1910 (PM M1910) (Russian: Пулемёт Максима образца 1910 года, Pulemyot Maxima obraztsa 1910 goda - "Maxim's machine gun Model 1910") is a medium machine gun that was used by the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and the Red Army during the Russian Civil War and World War II. Later the gun saw service in the Korean War and the Vietnam War.^{[by whom?]}

History[]

It was adopted in August 1910 and was derived from Hiram Maxim's Maxim gun, chambered for the standard Russian 7.62×54mmR rifle cartridge. The M1910 was mounted on a wheeled mount with a gun shield.^[4]

In 1918 - 1920, the industry of Soviet Russia produced 21 thousand new Maxim 1910 machine guns for the Red Army.^[1]

In 1930, a modernized version 1910/30 was adopted by the Red Army.^[4] M1910/30 can be equipped with optical sight.^[6]

In 1941, the gun was modernized once again.^[4]

In May 1942, an order was given to begin the development of a new machine gun to replace the Maxim 1910/30. On May 15, 1943, the SG-43 Goryunov was adopted and since summer 1943 Maxim guns were replaced in Soviet service by the SG-43, which retained the wheeled and shielded carriage. However, production of the Maxim did not end until 1945.^[4]

In addition to the main infantry version, there were aircraft-mounted and naval variants. Some were fitted with a tractor radiator cap fitted on top of the water jacket to allow handfuls of snow to be packed in to melt while firing.

Variants[]

Russian Empire
- "Maxim's machine gun model 1910 on a wheeled Sokolov's mount" (Пулемёт Максима обр. 1910 года на колёсном станке А. А. Соколова обр. 1910 года)^[2]
- "Maxim's machine gun model 1915 on a wheeled Kolesnikov's mount" (Пулемёт Максима обр. 1910 года на колёсном станке Колесникова обр. 1915 года)^[2]
Soviet Union
- "Maxim's machine gun model 1910 on an antiaircraft tripod" (Пулемёт Максима образца 1910 года на зенитной треноге М. Н. Кондакова обр. 1928 года)^[2]
- "Maxim's machine gun model 1910/30 on a wheeled Vladimirov's mount" (Пулемёт Максима образца 1910/30 года на колёсном станке С. В. Владимирова обр. 1931 года)^[2]
- Maxim-Tokarev
- PV-1 machine gun
- ZPU-4 (Зенитная пулемётная установка М-4 образца 1931 года) - quadruple anti-aircraft mount.
Finland
- Maxim M/09-21^[7]
- Maxim M/32-33^[7]
Second Polish Republic
- 7.92mm Maxim wz. 1910/28

Users[]

Austria-Hungary^[8] - a quantity of machine guns were seized during World War I
Bulgaria^[9]
Czechoslovakia - In January 1942 first twelve Soviet Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were given from USSR to 1st Czechoslovak Independent Infantry Battalion, later additional quantity was given to other units of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps.^[10]
DPRK^[11]
Finland^[7]
German Empire - a quantity of machine guns was seized during World War I
Hungary - After June 22, 1941, a quantity of machine guns was seized by Hungarian troops during Axis invasion in USSR. Since 1945, Soviet Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were given from USSR to People's Republic of Hungary^[8]
Mongolia
Nazi Germany - In September 1939 a quantity of Polish wz. 1910 and wz. 1910/28 was seized by Wehrmacht. After June 22, 1941, a quantity of Soviet machine guns was seized by German troops during Axis invasion in USSR, they were used as schweres Maschinengewehr 216(r)^[12]
People's Republic of China^[11]
Republic of China^[3]
Russian Empire^[1] / White movement
Russian SFSR / Soviet Union^[1]^[4]
Romania - at least several machine guns were captured during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War and disarmament of retreating armed anti-Soviet groups crossing the Romanian border in 1917 - 1920s. After June 22, 1941, an additional quantity was seized by Romanian troops during Axis invasion in USSR. In 1944 several Soviet Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were given from USSR to Romanian 1st Volunteer Infantry Division.^[13] After 23 August 1944 coup d'état additional Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were transferred from USSR to the Romanian army
Second Polish Republic – Maxim wz. 1910 and Maxim wz. 1910/28^[14]
Second Spanish Republic
Ukraine: in August 2011, 35 000 ex-Soviet Maxim machine guns were stored in the warehouses of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine^[15] although at least four of them were written off and scrapped later.^[16]^[17] They were used during the War in Donbas by Ukrainian troops. In December 2016 they were officially adopted by the Armed Forces of Ukraine^[18]

Gallery[]

Soviet troops receiving instruction on the M1910/30.
Soviet Red Army machinegunners with a M1910/30 in the Battle of Kursk.
A Red Army tachanka on display. Notice that it is mounted with a PM M1910/30.
Quad mounted Maxim M1910/30 guns—the first ZPU.

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Пулемёты // Гражданская война и военная интервенция в СССР. Энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. С. С. Хромов. — 2-е изд. — М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1987. стр.490-491
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Семён Федосеев. Столетие легендарного "Максима" // журнал "Мастер-ружьё", № 11 (164), ноябрь 2010. стр.40-46
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Jowett, Philip (20 Nov 2013). China's Wars: Rousing the Dragon 1894-1949. General Military. Osprey Publishing. pp. 129, 147. ISBN 9781782004073.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "На вооружении Советской Армии состояли станковые пулемёты Максима образца 1910, модернизированные в 1930 и 1941"
Пулемёты // Великая Отечественная война 1941 - 1945. Энциклопедия. / редколл., гл. ред. М. М. Козлов. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1985. стр.594-595
^ Trevithick, Joseph (5 February 2020). "Ukrainian Troops Are Still Using This Pre-World War I-Era Maxim Machine Gun In Combat". The Drive.
^ Описание пулемётного оптического прицела обр. 1930. Москва, Ленинград; Отдел Издательства Народного Комиссариата Обороны Союза ССР. 1951 г.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "The Finnish Maxims: M09/21 & M32/33". mosinnagant.net. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Lugosi, József (2008). "Gyalogsági fegyverek 1868–2008". In Lugosi, József; Markó, György. Hazánk dicsőségére: 160 éves a Magyar Honvédség. Budapest: Zrínyi Kiadó. p. 382-383. ISBN 978-963-327-461-3.
^ Out, Roger (May 2005). "La mitrailleuse russe Maxim modèle 1910". Gazette des armes (in French). No. 365. p. 47.
^ Ермаков В. Ф. Из истории советско-чехословацкого боевого содружества // «Военно-исторический журнал», 1988, № 3. стр.11-16
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Kinard, Jeff (9 April 2010). "Machine guns". In Tucker, Spencer C.; Pierpaoli, Paul G., Jr. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History. 1. A-L (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-85109-849-1.
^ Terry Gander, Peter Chamberlain. Enzyklopädie deutscher Waffen 1939–1945. Handwaffen, Artillerie, Beutewaffen, Sonderwaffen. Motorbuch Verlag, 2008.
^ Сведения штаба Московского военного округа о материальном обеспечении 1-й румынской пехотной дивизии, 1 апреля 1944 г. // Освободительная миссия Советских Вооружённых Сил в Европе во второй мировой войне: документы и материалы. М., Воениздат, 1985. стр.87-88
^ Andrzej Konstankiewicz. Broń strzelecka i sprzęt artyleryjski formacji polskich i Wojska Polskiego w latach 1914-1939. Warszawa, 2003. str.113
^ "7,62 мм кулемет Максим - 35 000 штук"
розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 1022-р від 15 серпня 2011 р. "Перелік військового майна Збройних Сил, яке може бути відчужено"
^ Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 108-р від 29 лютого 2012 р. "Про утилізацію стрілецької зброї"
^ "7,62 мм кулемет Максим - 2"
Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 687-р від 14 серпня 2013 р. "Про затвердження додаткового переліку військового майна Збройних Сил, яке може бути відчужено"
^ Минобороны Украины вернуло на вооружение пулемет "Максим"

External links[]

Soviet Manual Covering Operation and Repair of the 1910 Maxim Gun
Robert G. Segel (24 February 2012) "The Origin of the Russian “Tractor-Cap” M1910 Maxim", Small Arms Defense Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1

[autogenerated3-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Пулемёты // Гражданская война и военная интервенция в СССР. Энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. С. С. Хромов. — 2-е изд. — М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1987. стр.490-491

[autogenerated1-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Семён Федосеев. Столетие легендарного "Максима" // журнал "Мастер-ружьё", № 11 (164), ноябрь 2010. стр.40-46

[China-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b Jowett, Philip (20 Nov 2013). China's Wars: Rousing the Dragon 1894-1949. General Military. Osprey Publishing. pp. 129, 147. ISBN 9781782004073.

[autogenerated2-4] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "На вооружении Советской Армии состояли станковые пулемёты Максима образца 1910, модернизированные в 1930 и 1941"
Пулемёты // Великая Отечественная война 1941 - 1945. Энциклопедия. / редколл., гл. ред. М. М. Козлов. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1985. стр.594-595

[Ukrainian-5] Trevithick, Joseph (5 February 2020). "Ukrainian Troops Are Still Using This Pre-World War I-Era Maxim Machine Gun In Combat". The Drive.

[6] Описание пулемётного оптического прицела обр. 1930. Москва, Ленинград; Отдел Издательства Народного Комиссариата Обороны Союза ССР. 1951 г.

[Finland-7] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "The Finnish Maxims: M09/21 & M32/33". mosinnagant.net. Retrieved 12 June 2019.

[lugosi2008-8] Jump up to: ^a ^b Lugosi, József (2008). "Gyalogsági fegyverek 1868–2008". In Lugosi, József; Markó, György. Hazánk dicsőségére: 160 éves a Magyar Honvédség. Budapest: Zrínyi Kiadó. p. 382-383. ISBN 978-963-327-461-3.

[Gaz-9] Out, Roger (May 2005). "La mitrailleuse russe Maxim modèle 1910". Gazette des armes (in French). No. 365. p. 47.

[10] Ермаков В. Ф. Из истории советско-чехословацкого боевого содружества // «Военно-исторический журнал», 1988, № 3. стр.11-16

[Korea-11] Jump up to: ^a ^b Kinard, Jeff (9 April 2010). "Machine guns". In Tucker, Spencer C.; Pierpaoli, Paul G., Jr. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History. 1. A-L (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-85109-849-1.

[12] Terry Gander, Peter Chamberlain. Enzyklopädie deutscher Waffen 1939–1945. Handwaffen, Artillerie, Beutewaffen, Sonderwaffen. Motorbuch Verlag, 2008.

[13] Сведения штаба Московского военного округа о материальном обеспечении 1-й румынской пехотной дивизии, 1 апреля 1944 г. // Освободительная миссия Советских Вооружённых Сил в Европе во второй мировой войне: документы и материалы. М., Воениздат, 1985. стр.87-88

[14] Andrzej Konstankiewicz. Broń strzelecka i sprzęt artyleryjski formacji polskich i Wojska Polskiego w latach 1914-1939. Warszawa, 2003. str.113

[15] "7,62 мм кулемет Максим - 35 000 штук"
розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 1022-р від 15 серпня 2011 р. "Перелік військового майна Збройних Сил, яке може бути відчужено"

[16] Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 108-р від 29 лютого 2012 р. "Про утилізацію стрілецької зброї"

[17] "7,62 мм кулемет Максим - 2"
Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 687-р від 14 серпня 2013 р. "Про затвердження додаткового переліку військового майна Збройних Сил, яке може бути відчужено"

[18] Минобороны Украины вернуло на вооружение пулемет "Максим"

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show v t Soviet infantry weapons of World War II
Side-arms	Nagant M1895 Mauser C96 TK pistol TT pistol
Rifles and carbines	Mosin–Nagant Fedorov Avtomat AVS-36 SVT-38/40
Submachine guns	PPD PPSh-41 PPS-43 Thompson
Grenades	M1914/30 RGD-33 F1 RG-41 RG-42 RPG-40 RPG-43 RPG-6
Machine guns	M1910 Maxim Maxim-Tokarev DP PV-1 DS-39 SG-43 Goryunov DShK
Anti-tank rifles and flamethrowers	PTRD PTRS-41 ROKS-2/ROKS-3
Cartridges	7.62×25mm Tokarev 7.63×25mm Mauser 7.62×38mmR .45 ACP 7.62×54mmR 12.7×108mm 14.5×114mm