Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis

Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis; Temporal range: Late Pleistocene
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Proboscidea
Family:	Elephantidae
Genus:	†Palaeoloxodon
Species:	†P. mnaidriensis
Binomial name
	†Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis; (Adams, 1874)

Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis or Elephas mnaidriensis is an extinct species of elephant from Malta and Sicily closely related to the modern Asian elephant,^[2] or possibly to the modern African forest elephant.^[3] This elephant is a separate species with respect to the European mainland straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus) and not just a smaller insular form.^[2] P. mnaidriensis has nearly 90% body reduction compared to the ancestral form with an estimated shoulder height of about 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) and a mean body weight of about 1,100 kilograms (2,400 lb).^[2] Another estimate gives a shoulder height of 2 m (6.6 ft) and a weight of 1.7 t (1.9 short tons).^[4]

Jaw

References[]

^ Adams, A. Leith (November 1874). "I. On the Dentition and Osteology of the Maltese fossil Elephants, being a Description of Remains discovered by the Author in Malta, between the years 1860 and 1866". The Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. 9 (1): 1–124. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1874.tb00235.x.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ferretti, M.P. (May 2008). "The dwarf elephant Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis from Puntali Cave, Carini (Sicily; late Middle Pleistocene): Anatomy, systematics and phylogenetic relationships". Quaternary International. 182 (1): 90–108. Bibcode:2008QuInt.182...90F. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.11.003.
^ Palkopoulou, Eleftheria; Lipson, Mark; Mallick, Swapan; Nielsen, Svend; Rohland, Nadin; Baleka, Sina; Karpinski, Emil; Ivancevic, Atma M.; To, Thu-Hien; Kortschak, R. Daniel; Raison, Joy M.; Qu, Zhipeng; Chin, Tat-Jun; Alt, Kurt W.; Claesson, Stefan; Dalén, Love; MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Meller, Harald; Roca, Alfred L.; Ryder, Oliver A.; Heiman, David; Young, Sarah; Breen, Matthew; Williams, Christina; Aken, Bronwen L.; Ruffier, Magali; Karlsson, Elinor; Johnson, Jeremy; Di Palma, Federica; Alfoldi, Jessica; Adelson, David L.; Mailund, Thomas; Munch, Kasper; Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Hofreiter, Michael; Poinar, Hendrik; Reich, David (13 March 2018). "A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (11): E2566–E2574. doi:10.1073/pnas.1720554115. PMC 5856550. PMID 29483247.
^ Larramendi, A. (2016). "Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61. doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014. S2CID 2092950.

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[1] Adams, A. Leith (November 1874). "I. On the Dentition and Osteology of the Maltese fossil Elephants, being a Description of Remains discovered by the Author in Malta, between the years 1860 and 1866". The Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. 9 (1): 1–124. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1874.tb00235.x.

[Ferretti2007-2] Ferretti, M.P. (May 2008). "The dwarf elephant Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis from Puntali Cave, Carini (Sicily; late Middle Pleistocene): Anatomy, systematics and phylogenetic relationships". Quaternary International. 182 (1): 90–108. Bibcode:2008QuInt.182...90F. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.11.003.

[3] Palkopoulou, Eleftheria; Lipson, Mark; Mallick, Swapan; Nielsen, Svend; Rohland, Nadin; Baleka, Sina; Karpinski, Emil; Ivancevic, Atma M.; To, Thu-Hien; Kortschak, R. Daniel; Raison, Joy M.; Qu, Zhipeng; Chin, Tat-Jun; Alt, Kurt W.; Claesson, Stefan; Dalén, Love; MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Meller, Harald; Roca, Alfred L.; Ryder, Oliver A.; Heiman, David; Young, Sarah; Breen, Matthew; Williams, Christina; Aken, Bronwen L.; Ruffier, Magali; Karlsson, Elinor; Johnson, Jeremy; Di Palma, Federica; Alfoldi, Jessica; Adelson, David L.; Mailund, Thomas; Munch, Kasper; Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Hofreiter, Michael; Poinar, Hendrik; Reich, David (13 March 2018). "A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (11): E2566–E2574. doi:10.1073/pnas.1720554115. PMC 5856550. PMID 29483247.

[probos_mass-4] Larramendi, A. (2016). "Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61. doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014. S2CID 2092950.

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Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis

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