Panaeolus foenisecii
Panaeolus foenisecii | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Fungi
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Division: | |
Class: | |
Order: | |
Family: | |
Genus: | |
Species: | P. foenisecii
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Binomial name | |
Panaeolus foenisecii (Pers.) R.Maire (1933)
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Synonyms[1] | |
Agaricus foenisecii Pers. (1800) |
Panaeolus foenisecii![]() | |
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![]() | gills on hymenium |
![]() | cap is convex |
![]() | hymenium is adnexed |
![]() | stipe is bare |
![]() | spore print is blackish-brown |
![]() | ecology is saprotrophic |
![]() | edibility: inedible |
Panaeolus foenisecii, commonly called the mower's mushroom, haymaker or brown hay mushroom, is a very common and widely distributed little brown mushroom often found on lawns and is not an edible mushroom. In 1963 Tyler and Smith found that this mushroom contains serotonin, 5-HTP and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.[2] In many field guides it is erroneously listed as psychoactive; however, the mushroom does not produce any hallucinogenic effects.[3]
Description[]
- Cap: 1 to 3 cm across, conic to convex, chestnut brown to tan, hygrophanous, often with a dark band around the margin which fades as the mushroom dries.[4]
- Gills: Broad, adnate, brown with lighter edges, becoming mottled as the spores mature.[4]
- Stipe: 3 to 8 cm by 1 to 3 mm, fragile, hollow, beige to light brown,[4] fibrous,[5] pruinose, and slightly striate.
- Taste: A slightly unpleasant nutty fungal taste.
- Odor: Nutty, slightly unpleasant.
- Spore print: Dark walnut brown.
- Microscopic features: Spores measure 12–17 x 7–11 μm, subfusoid to lemon shaped, rough, dextrinoid, with an apical germ pore. Cheilocystidia subfusoid to cylindric or subcapitate, often wavy, up to 50 μm long. Pleurocystidia absent, but some authors report inconspicuous "pseudocystidia". The pileipellis a cellular cuticle with subglobose elements and has pileocystidia.[6]
The mushroom may contain small amounts of hallucinogenic compounds psilocin and psilocybin.[4] It is not, however, psychoactive, nor is it edible.[5]
Habitat[]
The species may be the most common to appear in lawns in the Pacific Northwest.[5]
Gallery[]
The following two images are of Panaeolus foenisecii in the wild with two magnifications of the spore print.
Wild Panaeolus foenisecii showing banded cap
stipe and gills
Panaeolus foenisecii spores magnified
Panaeolus foenisecii spores
Similar species[]
Similar species include Agaricus campestris, Conocybe apala, Marasmius oreades, Psathyrella candolleana, and Psathyrella gracilis.[4]
It is sometimes mistaken for the psychedelic Panaeolus cinctulus or Panaeolus olivaceus, both of which share the same habitat and can be differentiated by their jet black spores. This is probably why Panaeolus foenisecii is occasionally listed as a psychoactive species in older literature.[original research?]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ "Panaeolus foenisecii (Pers.) Maire 1933". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2017-08-14.
- ^ Tyler VE, Smith AH (1963). "Protoalkaloids in Panaeolus species". In Mothes K, Schroter HB (eds.). 2 Internationale Arbeitstagung Biochemie und Physiologie der Alkaloide. Berlin, Germany. pp. 45–54.
- ^ John W. Allen & Mark D. Merlin. "Observations Regarding the Suspected Psychoactive Properties of Panaeolus foenisecii Maire". Retrieved 2012-06-10.
- ^ a b c d e Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
- ^ a b c Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 200–201. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5.
- ^ "Panaeolus foenisecii (Pers.) Maire 1933". Mushroomexpert.com. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
External links[]
- Mushroom Expert – Panaeolus foenisecii
- Mykoweb – Panaeolus foenisecii
- Mushroom Observer – Panaeolus foenisecii at mushroomobserver.org
- Rough Spored Panaeoloideae spore comparison
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Panaeolina foenisecii. |
- Bolbitiaceae
- Fungi of Europe
- Fungi described in 1933
- Inedible fungi
- Taxa named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon