Panicum sumatrense
![]() | This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (September 2015) |
Panicum sumatrense | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Order: | Poales |
Family: | Poaceae |
Subfamily: | Panicoideae |
Genus: | Panicum |
Species: | P. sumatrense
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Binomial name | |
Panicum sumatrense Roth ex & Schult.
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Synonyms | |
Panicum miliare auct. non Lam. |
Panicum sumatrense, known as little millet, is a species of millet in the family Poaceae.
Description[]
This species of cereal is similar in habit to the proso millet except that it is smaller. It is an annual herbaceous plant, which grows straight or with folded blades to a height of 30 cm to 1 m. The leaves are linear, with the sometimes hairy laminae and membranous hairy ligules. The panicles are from 4 to 15 cm in length with 2 to 3.5 mm long awn. The grain is round and smooth, 1.8 to 1.9 mm long.
Subspecies[]
There have been two subspecies described:
- Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. psilopodium (Trin.) Wet.
- Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. sumatrense
Distribution and habitat[]
In the temperate zones of Asia: the Caucasus, China, East Asia and also in the tropics of the continent: India, Indochina and Malaysia.
It can withstand both drought and waterlogging. It can be cultivated up to 2000 m above sea level.
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
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Energy | 341 kcal (1,430 kJ) |
67.0 g | |
Dietary fiber | 7.6 g |
4.7 g | |
7.7 g | |
Minerals | Quantity %DV† |
Calcium | 2% 17.0 mg |
Iron | 72% 9.3 mg |
Phosphorus | 31% 220.0 mg |
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†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA FoodData Central |
Common names[]
Hindi: Moraiyo, Kutki, Shavan.
Bengali : Sama.
Tamil : Samai.
Gujarati : Gajro, Kuri.
Telugu : Samalu (సామలు).
Marathi : Sava, Halvi, Vari.
Oriya : Suan.
Kannada : Saame (ಸಾಮೆ).
Malayalam : Chama (ചാമ).
Cultivation[]
The largest cultivation is in central India. Usually, it is planted using a seed drill. It can also if necessary be planted spoiled. The green plant can also be used in part as cattle feed. The straw can be mixed with clay or cement be used in construction.
The harvest yield is from 230 to 900 kg/ha.
Pests[]
Pests include the shoot fly Atherigona pulla,[3] which also affects proso millet.[4]
Archaeobotany[]
At the Indus Valley Civilisation sites of Harappa and Farmana, the millet assemblage was dominated by little millet.[5] Over 10,000 grains of little millet were recovered at Harappa.[5] At Harappa, little millet cultivation peaked at around 2600 BC, accounting for around 5% of the total cereal assemblage.[5]
Preparation[]
Little millet is cooked like rice. Sometimes the millet is also milled and baked. The protein content of the grain is 7.7%.
Notes[]
- ^ BirdLife International (2017). " Bubo scandiacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22689055A119342767. Retrieved 10 December 2017.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
- ^ Fanzo 2013.
- ^ Sathish, R., M. Manjunatha, and K. Rajashekarappa. 2017. Effect of intercropping on incidence of shoot fly, Atherigona pulla (Wiedemann) in little millet. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5: 1845–1849.
- ^ Sathish, R., M. Manjunatha, and K. Rajashekarappa. 2017. Incidence of shoot fly, Atherigona pulla (Wiedrmann) on proso millet at different dates o sowing. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 5: 2000–2004.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Weber 2012.
References[]
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Wikispecies has information related to Panicum sumatrense. |
- Bergamini, Nadia; et al. (2013). "Minor millets in India: a neglected crop goes mainstream". In Fanzo, Jessica; et al. (eds.). Diversifying Food and Diets: Using agricultural biodiversity to improve nutrition and health (PDF). Routledge.
- W. Franke, (1985): Nutzpflanzenkunde. Stuttgart.
- H. Genaust: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen. 3. Aufl., 701 S. Basel-Boston-Stuttgart, 1996.
- V. H. Heywood: Blütenpflanzen der Welt. Basel-Boston-Stuttgart, 1978
- Weber, Steve (2013). "The vanishing millets of the Indus civilization". . 3 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1007/s12520-013-0143-6. S2CID 129862671.
This article is based on a translation of the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia.
- Panicum
- Millets
- Crops originating from Asia
- Grasses of Asia
- Flora of Sumatra
- Cereals