Pascite gregem Dei

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Pascite gregem Dei
Latin for 'Tend the flock of God'
Apostolic constitution of Pope Francis
Coat of arms of Pope Francis
Signature date23 May 2021
Text
 

Pascite gregem Dei (Tend the flock of God) is an apostolic constitution issued by Pope Francis on 1 June 2021 which reforms Book VI of the Code of Canon Law.[1][2][3] It took effect on 8 December 2021.[4]

Background[]

Further information: 1983 Code of Canon Law § Book VI. Sanctions in the Church (Cann. 1311–1399)

The Catholic Church updated Book VI of its 1983 Code of Canon Law in June 2021 (taking effect on 8 December 2021) for clearer rules on numerous offences, including sexual ones. The revision was the result of a long process commenced in 2009 to better prevent and address Catholic Church sexual abuse cases, mostly committed by clerics against underage children entrusted in their care, but also against vulnerable adults, or other sexual offences the Church regards as sinful due to breaching the clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church. Pope Francis, archbishop Filippo Iannone and other officials stated that bishops had been too lenient in penalising offenders in the past, in part because of the wiggle room the vague wording of canon law allowed for, and formally introduced laicization as a penalty for certain sexual offences.[5]

Analysis[]

See also: Sexual consent in law

In Catholic theology, the Decalogue (or Ten Commandments) are numbered so that the sixth commandment is "Thou shalt not commit adultery". The Catholic Church's interpretation of the sixth commandment is much broader than just adultery (extramarital sex), and concerns a set of offences against chastity. The revised provisions on sexual offences are derived from this broad interpretation of the sixth commandment. The provisions in Canon 1395 §3. are coercion-based, as they require evidence of the use of 'force, threats or abuse of his authority', while Canon 1398 §1. describes sexual offences in which the victim was deemed incapable of consenting (because of 'habitually [having] an imperfect use of reason'). There is no freely given sexual consent for people deemed capable of consenting.[6]

Canon 1395 §3. states:

"A cleric who by force, threats or abuse of his authority commits an offence against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue or forces someone to perform or submit to sexual acts is to be punished with the same penalty as in § 2 [i.e. punished with just penalties, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state if the case so warrants]."[6]

Canon 1398 §1. states:

"A cleric is to be punished with deprivation of office and with other just penalties, not excluding, where the case calls for it, dismissal from the clerical state, if he:

  1. commits an offence against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue with a minor or with a person who habitually has an imperfect use of reason or with one to whom the law recognises equal protection;
  2. grooms or induces a minor or a person who habitually has an imperfect use of reason or one to whom the law recognises equal protection to expose himself or herself pornographically or to take part in pornographic exhibitions, whether real or simulated;
  3. immorally acquires, retains, exhibits or distributes, in whatever manner and by whatever technology, pornographic images of minors or of persons who habitually have an imperfect use of reason."[6]

Criticism[]

See also: Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Critics of the 2021 revision, including Catholic sexual abuse victims advocates, said that the Catholic Church was still attempting to retain control over the prosecution and punishment of suspected sex offenders instead of handing over suspects to the police and civil courts. Because Catholic canon law still does not require anyone within the Church to report suspicions to secular authorities, abuse can still be covered up and only leniently punished with no more than laicization or excommunication, according to victims advocate Bart Smeets.[7] Canon 1344 also grants church judges permission to 'defer the imposition of the penalty to a more opportune time', to 'abstain from imposing the penalty or substitute a milder penalty or a penance, if the offender has repented' or 'if the offender has been or foreseeably will be sufficiently punished by the civil authority', and to 'suspend the obligation of observing an expiatory penalty, if the person is a first-offender after a hitherto blameless life'.[6]

References[]

  1. ^ "Pope reforms penal sanctions in the Church: Mercy requires correction - Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. 1 June 2021.
  2. ^ "The Pope Is Toughening Church Laws On Sex Abuse, Fraud And The Ordination Of Women". NPR.org. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  3. ^ "Press Conference to present the new Book VI of the Code of Canon Law". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  4. ^ "Sistema penale. Giro di vite sui reati nella Chiesa. La giustizia "abbraccia" la carità". www.avvenire.it (in Italian). 9 December 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  5. ^ Philip Pullella (1 June 2021). "Pope revises Church law, updates rules on sexual abuse". Reuters. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d "New Book VI of the Code of Canon Law, 01.06.2021". Vatican Bulletin. Holy See Press Office. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  7. ^ "Paus Franciscus scherpt straffen seksueel misbruik aan". NOS (in Dutch). 1 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.

External links[]

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