Patiala gharana

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The Patiala gharana (Hindi: पटियाला घराना), is one of the gharanas (singing schools or styles) of vocal Hindustani classical music, named after the city of Patiala, India. It was founded by Fateh Ali Khan and Ali Baksh Jarnail (who were popularly known by the moniker Aliya-Fattu), was initially sponsored by the Maharaja of Patiala State in Punjab and was known for ghazal, thumri, and khayal styles of singing. The most influential Patiala singer is Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.

Characteristics[]

This gharana tends to favour pentatonic ragas for their ornamentation and execution of intricate taans. Ektaal and teentaal are the most common taals chosen by members of this gharana. Besides khyal, exponents sing the Punjab-Ang thumri.[citation needed]

The special feature of Patiala is its rendering of taans. These are very rhythmic, vakra (complicated) and firat taans, and are not bound by the rhythmic cycle. Taans with clear aakar are presented not through the throat but through the naabhi (navel).

Patiala gharana has been criticized for neglecting basic raga characteristics such as the primary development octave and for overusing ornaments and graces (thumri style) without considering the nature and mood of the raga.[1]

Exponents[]

19th Century[]

  • Ali Baksh "Jarnail" (c. 1850 – c. 1920), founder and member of "Aliya-Fatu" duo with Fateh Ali "Karnail."
  • , founder and member of "Aliya-Fatu" duo with Ali Baksh "Jarnail."
  • (d. 1920), disciple of Aliya-Fatu.[2]

20th Century[]

  • Ashiq Ali Khan
  • Chhote Ashiq Ali Khan
  • Ata Mohammad Khan, son and disciple of Miyan Jan Khan.
  • Bade Ghulam Ali Khan (1902–1968), disciple of Ali Baksh Khan, Kale Khan, and Ashiq Ali Khan.[3]
  • Barkat Ali Khan (1908–1963), brother and disciple of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.
  • Ikramul Majid Khan, disciple of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.
  • Abdul Rehman Khan, son and disciple of Ata Mohammad Khan.
  • Vasantrao Deshpande (1920–1983), disciple of Ashiq Ali Khan.
  • Mohammad Hussain Sarahang (1924–1983), disciple of Ashiq Ali Khan.
  • Lakshmi Shankar (19262013), disciple of Abdul Rehman Khan (1927–1996), disciple of Abdul Rehman Khan.
  • Nusrat fateh ali (1948–1997) son of fateh ali
  • Farida Khanum (b. 1929), disciple of Ashiq Ali Khan.
  • Amanat Ali Khan (1932–1974), son and disciple of Akhtar Hussain Khan.
  • Bade Fateh Ali Khan (1935–2017), son and disciple of Akhtar Hussain Khan.
  • Jagdish Prasad (1937–2011), disciple of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.[4]
  • Ghulam Ali (b. 1940), disciple of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.
  • Parveen Sultana (b. 1950), disciple of Ikramul Majid Khan.
  • Hamid Ali Khan (b. 1953), son and disciple of Akhtar Hussain Khan.
  • , son and disciple of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.
  • Munawar Ali Khan (1930–1989), son of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.
  • Mazhar Ali Khan (b. 1959), son and disciple of Karamat Ali Khan.
  • Jawaad Ali Khan (b. 1962), son and disciple of Karamat Ali Khan.
  • Raza Ali Khan (b. 1962), son and disciple of Munawar Ali Khan.

21st Century[]

References[]

  1. ^ Patiala Gharana 'Profile' on Indian Raga website Published 12 June 2010, Retrieved 14 August 2019
  2. ^ https://www.itcsra.org/TributeMaestro.aspx?Tributeid=8
  3. ^ Article on Patiala Gharana in Dawn (newspaper), 'Classical music has healing effect on listeners' Published 3 May 2008, Retrieved 14 August 2019
  4. ^ Sharma, Manorama (2006). Tradition of Hindustani Music (2006 ed.). New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. pp. 113–114, 160–161. ISBN 8176489999.
  5. ^ Ganesh, Deepa (20 March 2003). "His master's voice". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 7 May 2003. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
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