Pedro Muguruza
Pedro Muguruza | |
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Director-General for Architecture | |
In office 30 September 1939 – 8 March 1946 | |
Personal details | |
Born | 25 May 1893 Madrid |
Died | 3 February 1952 (aged 58) Madrid |
Nationality | Spanish |
Occupation | Architect, illustrator, politician, goalkeeper, professor |
Pedro Muguruza Otaño (1893–1952) was a Spanish architect and Falangist politician.
Biography[]
Born in Madrid on 25 May 1893,[1] his family came from Elgoibar (Gipuzkoa).[2][n. 1] he earned a degree as architect from the School of Architecture of Madrid in 1916, where he happened to meet other future noted architects such as Secundino Zuazo, Leopoldo Torres Balbás or Luis Gutiérrez Soto.[3] An enthusiast of the practice of sports, he got to play as goalkeeper for Atlético de Madrid.[4] He gained him a reputation as exceptional draughtsman since his spell as student at the School of Architecture.[5]
In 1917, soon after graduating, Muguruza started to work as lecturer at the School of Architecture thanks to a proposal by Ricardo Velázquez Bosco, and, in March 1920, he finally obtained a Chair of "Projects of Architectural and Ornamental Details".[6]
He married Mercedes Peironcely y Puig de la Bellacasa in 1921. They had no issue.[7]
Among the projects he authored in the 1920s: the France Station in Barcelona (1923),[8] the Palacio de la Prensa in the Gran Vía (1925),[8] the 40-metre high monument to the sacred Heart of Jesus in Bilbao (topped by a sculpture of Lorenzo Coullaut Valera)[9] or the housing project for the Plaza de Rubén Darío (1929).[10] He also led the projects for the restoration of the Monastery of El Paular and the Prado Museum.[11]
During the Second Republic he authored some markets, such as Santa María de la Cabezas's (1933) or Maravillas (1935).[8]
After the outbreak of the Civil War in 1936, Muguruza fled from the Republican area and joined the Francoist side.[12] Franco entrusted him the task or reorganizing the architecture in the territory controlled by the rebels.[12] Muguruza assumed as member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in 1938.[13] In June 1939, only 3 months after the Francoist victory in the war, he presided over the Assembly of architects in Madrid, setting the ideological foundations behind the architecture of the new regime.[14] Already Chief of the Services of Architecture of FET y de las JONS,[14] he was appointed to the leadership of the Directorate General for Architecture, structured along totalitarian lines.[15] Muguruza served in the post from 30 September 1939 to 8 March 1946.[16]
Muguruza also was, along his disciple Diego Méndez, one of the two architects who authored the Valle de los Caídos;[17] the aim behind the design was for the site to become an eternal metaphor of the regime's ideology.[17] He directed the building works until his leaving in 1949, reportedly because of a degenerative paralysis; he was replaced by Méndez.[8]
He died on 3 February 1952 in Madrid.[18]
References[]
- Informational notes
- ^ Elgoibar is often sourced to be his birthplace.
- Citations
- ^ Bustos Juez 2015b, p. 13.
- ^ Arizaleta 2017.
- ^ Castaño Perea & Bustos Juez 2018, p. 13.
- ^ Asenjo Álvarez 2015, p. 251.
- ^ Bustos Juez 2014, p. 106.
- ^ Bustos Juez 2015b, p. 54–55.
- ^ Bustos Juez 2015a, p. 44.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Bustos Juez 2014, p. 111.
- ^ Alonso Carballés 2018.
- ^ Bustos Juez 2014, p. 110.
- ^ Bustos Juez 2014, p. 113.
- ^ Jump up to: a b López Díaz 2003.
- ^ Bustos Juez 2015b, p. 397–398.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Box 2012, p. 156.
- ^ Box 2012, p. 158–159.
- ^ Bustos Juez 2014, p. 115.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Delso, Amann & Soriano 2019, p. 3.
- ^ "Muere Pedro Muguruza, mucho más que el arquitecto de cabecera del franquismo". Madridiario. 2 February 2018.
- Bibliography
- Alonso Carballés, Jesús (2018). "Banalización de la violencia y usos políticos del culto a los 'mártires' y 'caídos' de la 'Cruzada' en el primer franquismo". Amnis. Revue de civilisation contemporaine Europes/Amériques (in Spanish) (17). doi:10.4000/amnis.3672. ISSN 1764-7193.
- Arizaleta, Mikel (22 June 2017). "Pedro Muguruza Otaño, el Valle de los Caídos y..." Naiz.eus.
- Asenjo Álvarez, Felipe (2015). Castaño Perea, Enrique; Bustos Juez, Carlota (eds.). "Muguruza ha muerto" (PDF). Boletín de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. Madrid: Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando: 235–256. ISSN 0567-560X.
- Box, Zira (2012). "El cuerpo de la nación: Arquitectura, urbanismo y capitalidad en el primer franquismo". Revista de estudios políticos. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales (155): 151–181. ISSN 0048-7694.
- Bustos Juez, Carlota (2014). "La obra de Pedro Muguruza: breve repaso de una amplia trayectoria" (PDF). P+C: Proyecto y Ciudad. Cartagena: Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena: 101–120. ISSN 2172-9220.
- Bustos Juez, Carlota (2015a). Castaño Perea, Enrique; Bustos Juez, Carlota (eds.). "Muguruza en la arquitectura española (1916–1952)" (PDF). Boletín de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. Madrid: Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando: 27–46. ISSN 0567-560X.
- Bustos Juez, Carlota (2015b). Pedro Muguruza Otaño (1893–1952). Aproximación histórica a su obra arquitectónica (PDF). I. Madrid: Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
- Castaño Perea, Enrique; Bustos Juez, Carlota (2018). "El dibujo de Pedro Muguruza: una vivienda para el marqués de Ibarra en Madrid". EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 23 (32): 132. doi:10.4995/ega.2018.9807. ISSN 2254-6103.
- Delso, Rodrigo; Amann, Atxu; Soriano, Federico (2019). "Time, Architecture and Domination: The Valley of the Fallen". Heritage & Society. 11 (2): 1–25. doi:10.1080/2159032x.2019.1670534. S2CID 211657577.
- Fanjul, Sergio C. (11 January 2017). "El Palacio de la Prensa es Bien". El País.
- López Díaz, Jesús (2003). "Vivienda social y falange: ideario y construcciones en la década de los 40". Scripta Nova: Revista electrónica de geografía y ciencias sociales. Universidad de Barcelona. VII (146): 24. ISSN 1138-9788.
![]() | This article needs additional or more specific categories. (October 2019) |
- Falangists
- 20th-century Spanish architects
- 1952 deaths
- 1893 births
- Members of the Cortes Españolas
- Technical University of Madrid alumni
- Fascist politicians
- Architects from Madrid
- Spanish people of Basque descent