This is a good article. Click here for more information.
Page semi-protected

Pelé

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pelé
Pele by John Mathew Smith.jpg
Pelé in 1995
Born
Edson Arantes do Nascimento

(1940-10-23) 23 October 1940 (age 81)
Occupation
  • Footballer
  • humanitarian
Height1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)
Spouse(s)
Rosemeri dos Reis Cholbi
(m. 1966; div. 1982)
Assíria Lemos Seixas
(m. 1994; div. 2008)
Marcia Aoki
(m. 2016)
Partner(s)Xuxa Meneghel (1981–1986)
ChildrenEdinho and 6 others (1 deceased)
Parent(s)João Ramos do Nascimento
Celeste Arantes

Association football career
Position(s)
Youth career
1953–1956 Bauru
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1956–1974 Santos 493 (501)
1975–1977 New York Cosmos 64 (37)
Total 557 (538)
National team
1957–1971 Brazil 92 (77)
Honours
Men's Football
Representing  Brazil
FIFA World Cup
Winner 1958 Sweden
Winner 1962 Chile
Winner 1970 Mexico
Copa América
Runner-up 1959 Argentina
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only
1st Minister of Sports
In office
1 January 1995 – 1 May 1998
PresidentFernando Henrique Cardoso
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byRafael Greca (1999)

Edson Arantes do Nascimento (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈɛtsõ (w)ɐˈɾɐ̃tʃiz du nɐsiˈmẽtu]; born 23 October 1940), known as Pelé ([peˈlɛ]), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward. Regarded as one of the greatest players of all time and labelled "the greatest" by FIFA,[1] he was among the most successful and popular sports figures of the 20th century. In 1999 he was named Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee and was included in the Time list of the 100 most important people of the 20th century. In 2000, Pelé was voted World Player of the Century by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS), and was one of the two joint winners of the FIFA Player of the Century. His total of 1,279 goals in 1,363 games, which included friendlies, is recognised as a Guinness World Record.[2]

Pelé began playing for Santos at age 15 and the Brazil national team at 16. During his international career, he won three FIFA World Cups: 1958, 1962 and 1970, the only player to do so. Pelé is the all-time leading goalscorer for Brazil with 77 goals in 92 games. At club level he is Santos' all-time top goalscorer with 643 goals from 659 games.[3] In a golden era for Santos, he led the club to the 1962 and 1963 Copa Libertadores, and to the 1962 and 1963 Intercontinental Cup. Credited with connecting the phrase "The Beautiful Game" with football, Pelé's "electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals" made him a star around the world, and his teams toured internationally in order to take full advantage of his popularity.[4] During his playing days, Pelé was for a period the best-paid athlete in the world. Since retiring in 1977, Pelé has been a worldwide ambassador for football and has made many acting and commercial ventures. In 2010, he was named the Honorary President of the New York Cosmos.

Averaging almost a goal per game throughout his career, Pelé was adept at striking the ball with either foot in addition to anticipating his opponents' movements on the field. While predominantly a striker, he could also drop deep and take on a playmaking role, providing assists with his vision and passing ability, and he would also use his dribbling skills to go past opponents. In Brazil, he is hailed as a national hero for his accomplishments in football and for his outspoken support of policies that improve the social conditions of the poor. His emergence at the 1958 World Cup where he became the first black global sporting star was a source of inspiration.[5] Throughout his career and in his retirement, Pelé received several individual and team awards for his performance in the field, his record-breaking achievements, and legacy in the sport.

Early years

Born in Três Corações in 1940, Pelé has a street named after him in the city – Rua Edson Arantes do Nascimento. A statue of Pelé is also prominently placed in a plaza near downtown.

Pelé was born Edson Arantes do Nascimento on 23 October 1940, in Três Corações, Minas Gerais, Brazil, the son of Fluminense footballer Dondinho (born João Ramos do Nascimento) and Celeste Arantes. He was the elder of two siblings.[6] He was named after the American inventor Thomas Edison.[7] His parents decided to remove the "i" and call him "Edson", but there was a mistake on the birth certificate, leading many documents to show his name as "Edison", not "Edson", as he is called.[7][8] He was originally nicknamed "Dico" by his family.[6][9] He received the nickname "Pelé" during his school days, when it is claimed he was given it because of his pronunciation of the name of his favourite player, local Vasco da Gama goalkeeper Bilé, which he misspoke but the more he complained the more it stuck. In his autobiography, Pelé stated he had no idea what the name means, nor did his old friends.[6] Apart from the assertion that the name is derived from that of Bilé, and that it is Hebrew for "miracle" (פֶּ֫לֶא), the word has no known meaning in Portuguese.[note 1][10]

Pelé grew up in poverty in Bauru in the state of São Paulo. He earned extra money by working in tea shops as a servant. Taught to play by his father, he could not afford a proper football and usually played with either a sock stuffed with newspaper and tied with a string or a grapefruit.[11][6] He played for several amateur teams in his youth, including Sete de Setembro, Canto do Rio, São Paulinho, and Amériquinha.[12] Pelé led Bauru Athletic Club juniors (coached by Waldemar de Brito) to two São Paulo state youth championships.[13] In his mid-teens, he played for an indoor football team called Radium. Indoor football had just become popular in Bauru when Pelé began playing it. He was part of the first futsal (indoor football) competition in the region. Pelé and his team won the first championship and several others.[14]

According to Pelé, futsal (indoor football) presented difficult challenges; he said it was a lot quicker than football on the grass and that players were required to think faster because everyone is close to each other in the pitch. Pelé credits futsal for helping him think better on the spot. In addition, futsal allowed him to play with adults when he was about 14 years old. In one of the tournaments he participated, he was initially considered too young to play, but eventually went on to end up top scorer with 14 or 15 goals. "That gave me a lot of confidence", Pelé said, "I knew then not to be afraid of whatever might come".[14]

Club career

Santos

In 1956, de Brito took Pelé to Santos, an industrial and port city located near São Paulo, to try out for professional club Santos FC, telling the directors at Santos that the 15-year-old would be "the greatest football player in the world."[15] Pelé impressed Santos coach Lula during his trial at the Estádio Vila Belmiro, and he signed a professional contract with the club in June 1956.[16] Pelé was highly promoted in the local media as a future superstar. He made his senior team debut on 7 September 1956 at the age of 15 against Corinthians Santo Andre and had an impressive performance in a 7–1 victory, scoring the first goal in his prolific career during the match.[17][18]

When the 1957 season started, Pelé was given a starting place in the first team and, at the age of 16, became the top scorer in the league. Ten months after signing professionally, the teenager was called up to the Brazil national team. After the 1958 and the 1962 World Cup, wealthy European clubs, such as Real Madrid, Juventus and Manchester United,[19] tried to sign him in vain; in 1958 Inter Milan even managed to get him a regular contract, but Angelo Moratti was forced to tear the contract up at the request of Santos' chairman following a revolt by Santos' Brazilian fans.[20] In 1961 the government of Brazil under President Jânio Quadros declared Pelé an "official national treasure" to prevent him from being transferred out of the country.[11][21]

Pelé with Santos in the Netherlands, October 1962

Pelé won his first major title with Santos in 1958 as the team won the Campeonato Paulista; Pelé would finish the tournament as top scorer with 58 goals,[22] a record that stands today. A year later, he would help the team earn their first victory in the Torneio Rio-São Paulo with a 3–0 over Vasco da Gama.[23] However, Santos was unable to retain the Paulista title. In 1960, Pelé scored 33 goals to help his team regain the Campeonato Paulista trophy but lost out on the Rio-São Paulo tournament after finishing in 8th place.[24] In the 1960 season, Pelé scored 47 goals and helped Santos regain the Campeonato Paulista. The club went on to win the Taça Brasil that same year, beating Bahia in the finals; Pelé finished as top scorer of the tournament with 9 goals. The victory allowed Santos to participate in the Copa Libertadores, the most prestigious club tournament in the Western hemisphere.[25]

"I arrived hoping to stop a great man, but I went away convinced I had been undone by someone who was not born on the same planet as the rest of us."

—Benfica goalkeeper Costa Pereira following the loss to Santos in 1962.[26]

Santos's most successful Copa Libertadores season started in 1962;[27] the team was seeded in Group One alongside Cerro Porteño and Deportivo Municipal Bolivia, winning every match of their group but one (a 1–1 away tie versus Cerro). Santos defeated Universidad Católica in the semi-finals and met defending champions Peñarol in the finals. Pelé scored twice in the playoff match to secure the first title for a Brazilian club.[28] Pelé finished as the second top scorer of the competition with four goals. That same year, Santos would successfully defend the Campeonato Paulista (with 37 goals from Pelé) and the Taça Brasil (Pelé scoring four goals in the final series against Botafogo). Santos would also win the 1962 Intercontinental Cup against Benfica.[29] Wearing his number 10 shirt, Pelé produced one of the best performances of his career, scoring a hat-trick in Lisbon as Santos won 5–2.[30][31]

Pelé pictured prior to facing Boca Juniors in the second leg of 1963 Copa Libertadores Finals at La Bombonera in Buenos Aires. He is the all-time leading goalscorer for Santos FC

As the defending champions, Santos qualified automatically to the semi-final stage of the 1963 Copa Libertadores. The ballet blanco, the nickname given to Santos for Pelé, managed to retain the title after victories over Botafogo and Boca Juniors. Pelé helped Santos overcome a Botafogo team that featured Brazilian greats such as Garrincha and Jairzinho with a last-minute goal in the first leg of the semi-finals which made it 1–1. In the second leg, Pelé scored a hat-trick in the Estádio do Maracanã as Santos won, 0–4, in the second leg. Santos started the final series by winning, 3–2, in the first leg and defeating Boca Juniors 1–2, in La Bombonera. It was a rare feat in official competitions, with another goal from Pelé.[32] Santos became the first (and to date the only) Brazilian team to lift the Copa Libertadores in Argentine soil. Pelé finished the tournament with 5 goals. Santos lost the Campeonato Paulista after finishing in third place but went on to win the Rio-São Paulo tournament after a 0–3 win over Flamengo in the final, with Pelé scoring one goal. Pelé would also help Santos retain the Intercontinental Cup and the Taça Brasil against Milan and Bahia respectively.[29]

In the 1964 Copa Libertadores, Santos were beaten in both legs of the semi-finals by Independiente. The club won the Campeonato Paulista, with Pelé netting 34 goals. Santos also shared the Rio-São Paulo title with Botafogo and won the Taça Brasil for the fourth consecutive year. In the 1965 Copa Libertadores, Santos reached the semi-finals and met Peñarol in a rematch of the 1962 final. After two matches, a playoff was needed to break the tie.[33] Unlike 1962, Peñarol came out on top and eliminated Santos 2–1.[33] Pelé would, however, finish as the topscorer of the tournament with eight goals.[34] This proved to be the start of a decline as Santos failed to retain the Torneio Rio-São Paulo. In 1966, Pelé and Santos also failed to retain the Taça Brasil as Pelé's goals were not enough to prevent a 9–4 defeat by Cruzeiro (led by Tostão) in the final series. The club did, however, win the Campeonato Paulista in 1967, 1968 and 1969. On 19 November 1969, Pelé scored his 1,000th goal in all competitions, in what was a highly anticipated moment in Brazil. The goal, dubbed O Milésimo (The Thousandth), occurred in a match against Vasco da Gama, when Pelé scored from a penalty kick, at the Maracanã Stadium.[35]

Pelé states that his most memorable goal was scored at Rua Javari stadium on a Campeonato Paulista match against São Paulo rival Clube Atlético Juventus on 2 August 1959. As there is no video footage of this match, Pelé asked that a computer animation be made of this specific goal.[36] In March 1961, Pelé scored the gol de placa (goal worthy of a plaque), against Fluminense at the Maracanã.[37] Pelé received the ball on the edge of his own penalty area, and ran the length of the field, eluding opposition players with feints, before striking the ball beyond the goalkeeper.[37] A plaque was commissioned with a dedication to "the most beautiful goal in the history of the Maracanã".[38]

In 1969, the two factions involved in the Nigerian Civil War agreed to a 48-hour ceasefire so they could watch Pelé play an exhibition game in Lagos. Santos ended up playing to a 2–2 draw with Lagos side Stationary Stores FC and Pelé scored his team's goals. The civil war went on for one more year after this game.[39] During his time at Santos, Pelé played alongside many gifted players, including Zito, Pepe, and Coutinho; the latter partnered him in numerous one-two plays, attacks, and goals.[40] Pelé's 643 goals for Santos was the most goals scored for a single club until it was surpassed by Lionel Messi of Barcelona in December 2020.[41][42]

New York Cosmos

Pelé signing a football for U.S. President Richard Nixon at the White House in 1973, two years before joining the New York Cosmos

After the 1974 season (his 19th with Santos), Pelé retired from Brazilian club football although he continued to occasionally play for Santos in official competitive matches. Two years later, he came out of semi-retirement to sign with the New York Cosmos of the North American Soccer League (NASL) for the 1975 season.[43] At a chaotic press conference at New York's 21 Club, the Cosmos unveiled Pelé. John O'Reilly, the club's media spokesman, stated, "We had superstars in the United States but nothing at the level of Pelé. Everyone wanted to touch him, shake his hand, get a photo with him."[44] Though well past his prime at this point, Pelé was credited with significantly increasing public awareness and interest of the sport in the US.[45] During his first public appearance in Boston, he was injured by a crowd of fans who had surrounded him and was evacuated on a stretcher.[46]

Pelé entering the field to play his first game with the Cosmos, 15 June 1975

Pelé made his debut for the Cosmos on 15 June 1975 against the Dallas Tornado at Downing Stadium, scoring one goal in a 2–2 draw.[47] Pelé opened the door for many other stars to play in North America. Giorgio Chinaglia followed him to the Cosmos, then Franz Beckenbauer and his former Santos teammate Carlos Alberto. Over the next few years other players came to the league, including Johan Cruyff, Eusebio, Bobby Moore, George Best and Gordon Banks.[45]

In 1975, one week before the Lebanese Civil War, Pelé played a friendly game for the Lebanese club Nejmeh against a team of Lebanese Premier League stars,[48] scoring two goals which were not included in his official tally.[49] On the day of the game, 40,000 spectators were at the stadium from early morning to watch the match.[48]

He led the Cosmos to the 1977 NASL championship, in his third and final season with the club.[50] In June 1977, the Cosmos attracted an NASL record 62,394 fans to Giants Stadium for a 3–0 victory past the Tampa Bay Rowdies with a 37-year-old Pelé scoring a hat-trick. In the first leg of the quarter-finals, they attracted a US record crowd of 77,891 for what turned into an 8–3 rout of the Fort Lauderdale Strikers at Giants Stadium. In the second leg of the semi-finals against the Rochester Lancers, the Cosmos won 4–1.[45] Pelé finished his official playing career by leading the New York Cosmos to their first Soccer Bowl title with a 2–1 win over the Seattle Sounders at the Civic Stadium in Portland, Oregon.[51]

On 1 October 1977, Pelé closed out his career in an exhibition match between the Cosmos and Santos. The match was played in front of a sold-out crowd at Giants Stadium and was televised in the US on ABC's Wide World of Sports as well as throughout the world. Pelé's father and wife both attended the match, as well as Muhammad Ali and Bobby Moore.[52] Delivering a message to the audience prior to the start of the game—"Love is more important than what we can take in life"—Pelé played the first half with the Cosmos, the second with Santos. The game ended with the Cosmos winning 2–1, with Pelé scoring with a 30-yard free-kick for the Cosmos in what was the final goal of his career. During the second half it started to rain, prompting a Brazilian newspaper to come out with the headline the following day: "Even The Sky Was Crying."[53]

International career

Pelé's first international match was a 2–1 defeat against Argentina on 7 July 1957 at the Maracanã.[54][55] In that match, he scored his first goal for Brazil aged 16 years and nine months, and he remains the youngest goalscorer for his country.[56][57]

1958 World Cup

Pelé (number 10) dribbles past three Swedish players at the 1958 World Cup

Pelé arrived in Sweden sidelined by a knee injury but on his return from the treatment room, his colleagues stood together and insisted upon his selection.[58] His first match was against the USSR in the third match of the first round of the 1958 FIFA World Cup, where he gave the assist to Vavá's second goal.[59] He was at the time the youngest player ever to participate in the World Cup.[note 2][55] Against France in the semi-final, Brazil was leading 2–1 at halftime, and then Pelé scored a hat-trick, becoming the youngest in World Cup history to do so.[61]

17-year-old Pelé cries on the shoulder of goalkeeper Gilmar after Brazil won the 1958 World Cup Final

On 29 June 1958, Pelé became the youngest player to play in a World Cup final match at 17 years and 249 days. He scored two goals in that final as Brazil beat Sweden 5–2 in Stockholm, the capital. Pelé hit the post and then Vavá scored two goals to give Brazil the lead. His first goal where he flicked the ball over a defender before volleying into the corner of the net, was selected as one of the best goals in the history of the World Cup.[62] Following Pelé's second goal, Swedish player Sigvard Parling would later comment; "When Pelé scored the fifth goal in that Final, I have to be honest and say I felt like applauding".[63] When the match ended, Pelé passed out on the field, and was revived by Garrincha.[64] He then recovered, and was compelled by the victory to weep as he was being congratulated by his teammates. He finished the tournament with six goals in four matches played, tied for second place, behind record-breaker Just Fontaine, and was named best young player of the tournament.[65] His impact was arguably greater off the field, with Barney Ronay writing, "With nothing but talent to guide him, the boy from Minas Gerais became the first black global sporting superstar, and a source of genuine uplift and inspiration."[5]

It was in the 1958 World Cup that Pelé began wearing a jersey with number 10. The event was the result of disorganization: the leaders of the Brazilian Federation did not allocate the shirt numbers of players and it was up to FIFA to choose the number 10 shirt for Pelé who was a substitute on the occasion.[66] The press proclaimed Pelé the greatest revelation of the 1958 World Cup, and he was also retroactively given the Silver Ball as the second best player of the tournament, behind Didi.[63]

South American Championship

Pelé also played in the South American Championship. In the 1959 competition he was named best player of the tournament and was top scorer with 8 goals, as Brazil came second despite being unbeaten in the tournament.[63][67] He scored in five of Brazil's six games, including two goals against Chile and a hat-trick against Paraguay.[68]

1962 World Cup

Pelé with Brazil taking on Italy's Giovanni Trapattoni at the San Siro, Milan in 1963

When the 1962 World Cup started, Pelé was the best rated player in the world.[69] In the first match of the 1962 World Cup in Chile, against Mexico, Pelé assisted the first goal and then scored the second one, after a run past four defenders, to go up 2–0.[70] He injured himself in the next game while attempting a long-range shot against Czechoslovakia.[71] This would keep him out of the rest of the tournament, and forced coach Aymoré Moreira to make his only lineup change of the tournament. The substitute was Amarildo, who performed well for the rest of the tournament. However, it was Garrincha who would take the leading role and carry Brazil to their second World Cup title, after beating Czechoslovakia at the final in Santiago.[72]

1966 World Cup

Pelé was the most famous footballer in the world during the 1966 World Cup in England, and Brazil fielded some world champions like Garrincha, Gilmar and Djalma Santos with the addition of other stars like Jairzinho, Tostão and Gérson, leading to high expectations for them.[73] Brazil was eliminated in the first round, playing only three matches.[73] The World Cup was marked, among other things, for brutal fouls on Pelé that left him injured by the Bulgarian and Portuguese defenders.[74]

Pelé scored the first goal from a free kick against Bulgaria, becoming the first player to score in three successive FIFA World Cups, but due to his injury, a result of persistent fouling by the Bulgarians, he missed the second game against Hungary.[73] His coach stated that after the first game he felt "every team will take care of him in the same manner".[74] Brazil lost that game and Pelé, although still recovering, was brought back for the last crucial match against Portugal at Goodison Park in Liverpool by the Brazilian coach Vicente Feola. Feola changed the entire defense, including the goalkeeper, while in midfield he returned to the formation of the first match. During the game, Portugal defender João Morais fouled Pelé, but was not sent off by referee George McCabe; a decision retrospectively viewed as being among the worst refereeing errors in World Cup history.[75] Pelé had to stay on the field limping for the rest of the game, since substitutes were not allowed at that time.[75] After this game he vowed he would never again play in the World Cup, a decision he would later change.[69]

1970 World Cup

Pelé trading card from the Mexico 70 series issued by Panini

Pelé was called to the national team in early 1969, he refused at first, but then accepted and played in six World Cup qualifying matches, scoring six goals.[76] The 1970 World Cup in Mexico was expected to be Pelé's last. Brazil's squad for the tournament featured major changes in relation to the 1966 squad. Players like Garrincha, Nilton Santos, Valdir Pereira, Djalma Santos and Gilmar had already retired. However, Brazil's 1970 World Cup squad, which included players like Pelé, Rivelino, Jairzinho, Gérson, Carlos Alberto Torres, Tostão and Clodoaldo, is often considered to be the greatest football team in history.[77][78]

Mário Zagallo, Brazil's 1970 coach, with Pelé in 2008. Zagallo said of Pelé: "A kid in Sweden [1958 World Cup] gave signs of genius, and in Mexico [1970 World Cup] he fulfilled all that promise and closed the book with a golden key. And I had the privilege to see it all from close up."[79]

The front five of Jairzinho, Pelé, Gerson, Tostão and Rivelino together created an attacking momentum, with Pelé having a central role in Brazil's way to the final.[80] All of Brazil's matches in the tournament (except the final) were played in Guadalajara, and in the first match against Czechoslovakia, Pelé gave Brazil a 2–1 lead, by controlling Gerson's long pass with his chest and then scoring. In this match Pelé attempted to lob goalkeeper Ivo Viktor from the half-way line, only narrowly missing the Czechoslovak goal.[81] Brazil went on to win the match, 4–1. In the first half of the match against England, Pelé nearly scored with a header that was saved by the England goalkeeper Gordon Banks. Pelé recalled he was already shouting "Goal" when he headed the ball. It was often referred to as the "save of the century."[82] In the second half, he controlled a cross from Tostão before flicking the ball to Jairzinho who scored the only goal.[83]

Against Romania, Pelé scored two goals, which included a 20-yard bending free-kick, with Brazil winning 3–2. In the quarter-final against Peru, Brazil won 4–2, with Pelé assisting Tostão for Brazil's third goal. In the semi-final, Brazil faced Uruguay for the first time since the 1950 World Cup final round match. Jairzinho put Brazil ahead 2–1, and Pelé assisted Rivelino for the 3–1. During that match, Pelé made one of his most famous plays. Tostão passed the ball for Pelé to collect which Uruguay's goalkeeper Ladislao Mazurkiewicz took notice of and ran off his line to get the ball before Pelé. However, Pelé got there first and fooled Mazurkiewicz with a feint by not touching the ball, causing it to roll to the goalkeepers left, while Pelé went to the goalkeepers right. Pelé ran around the goalkeeper to retrieve the ball and took a shot while turning towards the goal, but he turned in excess as he shot, and the ball drifted just wide of the far post.[81][84]

Brazil played Italy in the final at the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City.[85] Pelé scored the opening goal with a header after outjumping Italian defender Tarcisio Burgnich. Brazil's 100th World Cup goal, Pelé's leap of joy into the arms of teammate Jairzinho in celebrating the goal is regarded as one of the most iconic moments in World Cup history.[86] He then made assists for Brazil's third goal, scored by Jairzinho, and the fourth finished by Carlos Alberto. The last goal of the game is often considered the greatest team goal of all time because it involved all but two of the team's outfield players. The play culminated after Pelé made a blind pass that went into Carlos Alberto's running trajectory. He came running from behind and struck the ball to score.[87] Brazil won the match 4–1, keeping the Jules Rimet Trophy indefinitely, and Pelé received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament.[63][88] Burgnich, who marked Pelé during the final, was quoted saying "I told myself before the game, he's made of skin and bones just like everyone else – but I was wrong".[89] In terms of his goals and assist throughout the 1970 World Cup, Pelé was directly responsible for 53% of Brazil's goals throughout the tournament.[90]

Pelé's last international match was on 18 July 1971 against Yugoslavia in Rio de Janeiro. With Pelé on the field, the Brazilian team's record was 67 wins, 14 draws and 11 losses.[76] Brazil never lost a match while fielding both Pelé and Garrincha.[91]

Style of play

Pelé dribbling past a defender while playing for Brazil, May 1960

Pelé has also been known for connecting the phrase "The Beautiful Game" with football.[92] A prolific goalscorer, he was known for his ability to anticipate opponents in the area and finish off chances with an accurate and powerful shot with either foot.[4][93][94] Pelé was also a hard-working team player, and a complete forward, with exceptional vision and intelligence, who was recognised for his precise passing and ability to link up with teammates and provide them with assists.[95][96][97]

In his early career, he played in a variety of attacking positions. Although he usually operated inside the penalty area as a main striker or centre forward, his wide range of skills also allowed him to play in a more withdrawn role, as an inside forward or second striker, or out wide.[81][95][98] In his later career, he took on more of a deeper playmaking role behind the strikers, often functioning as an attacking midfielder.[99][100] Pelé's unique playing style combined speed, creativity, and technical skill with physical power, stamina, and athleticism. His excellent technique, balance, flair, agility, and dribbling skills enabled him to beat opponents with the ball, and frequently saw him use sudden changes of direction and elaborate feints in order to get past players, such as his trademark move, the drible da vaca.[81][98][101] Another one of his signature moves was the paradinha, or little stop.[note 3][102]

Despite his relatively small stature, 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m),[103] he excelled in the air, due to his heading accuracy, timing, and elevation.[93][96][101][104] Renowned for his bending shots, he was also an accurate free-kick taker, and penalty taker, although he often refrained from taking penalties, stating that he believed it to be a cowardly way to score.[105][106]

Pelé was also known to be a fair and highly influential player, who stood out for his charismatic leadership and sportsmanship on the pitch. His warm embrace of Bobby Moore following the Brazil vs England game at the 1970 World Cup is viewed as the embodiment of sportsmanship, with The New York Times stating the image "captured the respect that two great players had for each other. As they exchanged jerseys, touches and looks, the sportsmanship between them is all in the image. No gloating, no fist-pumping from Pelé. No despair, no defeatism from Bobby Moore."[107] Pelé also earned a reputation for often being a decisive player for his teams, due to his tendency to score crucial goals in important matches.[108][109][110]

Reception and legacy

Pelé being held aloft after winning the 1970 World Cup Final. He is the only player to win three World Cups.

Among the most successful and popular sports figures of the 20th century,[111] Pelé is one of the most lauded players in the history of football and has been frequently ranked the best player ever.[1][112][113] Among his contemporaries, Dutch star Johan Cruyff stated; "Pelé was the only footballer who surpassed the boundaries of logic."[26] Brazil's 1970 FIFA World Cup-winning captain Carlos Alberto Torres opined; "His great secret was improvisation. Those things he did were in one moment. He had an extraordinary perception of the game."[26] Tostão, his strike partner at the 1970 World Cup; "Pelé was the greatest – he was simply flawless. And off the pitch he is always smiling and upbeat. You never see him bad-tempered. He loves being Pelé."[26] His Brazilian teammate Clodoaldo commented on the adulation he witnessed; "In some countries they wanted to touch him, in some they wanted to kiss him. In others they even kissed the ground he walked on. I thought it was beautiful, just beautiful."[26]

Pelé is the greatest player of all time. He reigned supreme for 20 years. There's no one to compare with him.

— West Germany's 1974 World Cup-winning captain Franz Beckenbauer.[63]

Former Real Madrid and Hungary star Ferenc Puskás stated; "The greatest player in history was Di Stéfano. I refuse to classify Pelé as a player. He was above that."[26] Just Fontaine, French striker and leading scorer at the 1958 World Cup; "When I saw Pelé play, it made me feel I should hang up my boots."[26] England's 1966 FIFA World Cup-winning captain Bobby Moore commented: "Pelé was the most complete player I've ever seen, he had everything. Two good feet. Magic in the air. Quick. Powerful. Could beat people with skill. Could outrun people. Only five feet and eight inches tall, yet he seemed a giant of an athlete on the pitch. Perfect balance and impossible vision. He was the greatest because he could do anything and everything on a football pitch. I remember Saldanha the coach being asked by a Brazilian journalist who was the best goalkeeper in his squad. He said Pelé. The man could play in any position".[93] Former Manchester United striker and member of England's 1966 FIFA World Cup-winning team Sir Bobby Charlton stated; "I sometimes feel as though football was invented for this magical player."[26] During the 1970 World Cup, when Manchester United defender Paddy Crerand (who was part of the ITV panel) was asked; "How do you spell Pelé?", he replied with the response; "Easy: G-O-D."[26]

Accolades

1969 Brazil postage stamp commemorating Pelé's landmark 1,000th goal

Since retiring, Pelé has continued to be lauded by players, coaches, journalists and others. Brazilian attacking midfielder Zico, who represented Brazil at the 1978, 1982 and 1986 FIFA World Cup, stated; "This debate about the player of the century is absurd. There's only one possible answer: Pelé. He's the greatest player of all time, and by some distance I might add".[63] French three time Ballon d'Or winner Michel Platini said; "There's Pelé the man, and then Pelé the player. And to play like Pelé is to play like God."[114] Diego Maradona, joint FIFA Player of the Century, and the player Pelé is historically compared with, stated; "It's too bad we never got along, but he was an awesome player".[63] Prolific Brazilian striker Romário, winner of the 1994 FIFA World Cup and player of the tournament; "It's only inevitable I look up to Pelé. He's like a God to us".[63] Five-time FIFA Ballon d'Or winner Cristiano Ronaldo said: "Pelé is the greatest player in football history, and there will only be one Pelé", while José Mourinho, two-time UEFA Champions League winning manager, commented; "I think he is football. You have the real special one – Mr. Pelé."[115] Real Madrid honorary president and former player, Alfredo Di Stéfano, opined: "The best player ever? Pelé. Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo are both great players with specific qualities, but Pelé was better".[116]

Pelé wearing the Cosmos' No. 10. The number was retired in his honor.

Presenting Pelé the Laureus Lifetime Achievement Award, former South African president Nelson Mandela said; "To watch him play was to watch the delight of a child combined with the extraordinary grace of a man in full."[117] US politician and political scientist Henry Kissinger stated, "Performance at a high level in any sport is to exceed the ordinary human scale. But Pelé's performance transcended that of the ordinary star by as much as the star exceeds ordinary performance."[118] After a reporter asked if his fame compared to that of Jesus, Pelé quipped, "There are parts of the world where Jesus Christ is not so well known."[89] The artist Andy Warhol (who painted a portrait of Pelé) also quipped, "Pelé was one of the few who contradicted my theory: instead of 15 minutes of fame, he will have 15 centuries."[26]

What is certain is that Pelé invented this game, the idea of individual global sporting superstardom, and in a way that is unrepeatable now.

— Barney Ronay writing for The Guardian.[5]

In 2000, the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS) voted Pelé the World Player of the Century. In 1999, the International Olympic Committee elected him the Athlete of the Century and Time magazine named Pelé one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century. During his playing days, Pelé was for a period the highest-paid athlete in the world.[119] Pelé's "electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals" made him a star around the world. To take full advantage of his popularity, his teams toured internationally.[4] During his career, he became known as "The Black Pearl" (A Pérola Negra), "The King of Football" (O Rei do Futebol), "The King Pelé" (O Rei Pelé) or simply "The King" (O Rei).[11] In 2014, the city of Santos inaugurated the Pelé museum – Museu Pelé – which displays a 2,400 piece collection of Pelé memorabilia.[120] Approximately $22 million was invested in the construction of the museum, housed in a 19th-century mansion.[121]

Young visitors to the Pelé Museum, opened in 2014, in Santos, Brazil

In January 2014, Pelé was awarded the first ever FIFA Ballon d'Or Prix d'Honneur as an acknowledgment from the world governing body of the sport for his contribution to world football.[122] After changing the rules in 1995, France Football did an extensive analysis in 2015 of the players who would have won the award if it was open for them since 1956—the year the Ballon d'Or award started. Their study revealed that Pelé would have received the award a record seven times (Ballon d'or: Le nouveau palmarès). The original recipients, however, remain unchanged.[123] In 2020, Pelé was named in the Ballon d'Or Dream Team, a greatest all-time XI.[124]

According to the RSSSF, Pelé is one of the most successful goal-scorers in the world, scoring 538 league goals,[125] a total of 775 in 840 official games and a tally of 1,301 goals in 1,390 appearances during his professional senior career, which included friendlies and tour games. He's ranked among the leading scorer in football history in both official and total matches. After his retirement in 1977 he played eight exhibition games and scored three goals.[126]

Personal life

Relationships and children

Children of Pelé
  • By Anizia Machado
    • Sandra (1964–2006)
  • By Lenita Kurtz
    • Flávia (born 1968)
  • By Rosemeri dos Reis Cholbi
    • Kelly Cristina (born 1967)
    • Edson (born 1970)
    • Jennifer (born 1978)
  • By Assíria Lemos Seixas
    • Joshua (born 1996)
    • Celeste (born 1996)
A practicing Catholic, Pelé donated a signed jersey to Pope Francis. Accompanied with a signed football from Ronaldo, it is located in one of the Vatican Museums.[127]

Pelé has married three times, and has had several affairs, producing several children.

On 21 February 1966, Pelé married Rosemeri dos Reis Cholbi.[128] They had two daughters and one son: Kelly Cristina (born 13 January 1967), who married Dr. Arthur DeLuca, Jennifer (b. 1978), and their son Edson ("Edinho", b. 27 August 1970). The couple divorced in 1982.[129] In May 2014, Edinho was jailed for 33 years for laundering money from drug trafficking.[130] On appeal the sentence was reduced to 12 years and 10 months.[131]

From 1981 to 1986, Pelé was romantically linked with TV presenter Xuxa, which was influential in launching her career. She was 17 when they started dating.[132] In April 1994, Pelé married psychologist and gospel singer Assíria Lemos Seixas, who gave birth on 28 September 1996 to twins Joshua and Celeste through fertility treatments. The couple divorced in 2008.[133]

Pelé had at least two more children from former affairs. Sandra Machado, who was born from an affair Pelé had in 1964 with a housemaid, Anizia Machado, fought for years to be acknowledged by Pelé, who refused to submit to DNA tests.[134][135][136] Although she was recognised by courts as his biological daughter based on DNA evidence in 1993, Pelé never acknowledged his eldest daughter even after her death in 2006, nor her two children, Octavio and Gabriel.[135][136] Pelé also had another daughter, Flávia Kurtz, in an extramarital affair in 1968 with journalist Lenita Kurtz. Flávia was recognised by him as his daughter.[134]

At the age of 73, Pelé announced his intention to marry 41-year-old Marcia Aoki, a Japanese-Brazilian importer of medical equipment from Penápolis, São Paulo, whom he had been dating from 2010. They first met in the mid-1980s in New York, before meeting again in 2008.[137] They married in July 2016.[138]

Politics

In 1970, Pelé was investigated by the Brazilian military dictatorship for suspected leftist sympathies. Declassified documents showed Pelé was investigated after being handed a manifesto calling for the release of political prisoners. Pelé himself did not get further involved within political struggles in the country.[139]

In 1976, Pelé was on a Pepsi-sponsored trip in Lagos, Nigeria, when that year's attempted military coup took place. Pelé was trapped in a hotel together with Arthur Ashe and other tennis pros, who were participating in the interrupted 1976 Lagos WCT tournament. Pelé and his crew eventually left the hotel to stay at the residence of Brazil's ambassador as they could not leave the country for a couple of days. Later the airport was opened and Pelé left the country disguised as a pilot.[140][141]

In June 2013, he was criticised in public opinion for his conservative views.[142][143] During the 2013 protests in Brazil, Pelé asked for people to "forget the demonstrations" and support the Brazil national team.[144]

Health

In 1977, Brazilian media reported that Pelé had his right kidney removed.[145] In November 2012, Pelé underwent a successful hip operation.[146] In December 2017, Pelé appeared in a wheelchair at the 2018 World Cup draw in Moscow where he was pictured with Russian President Vladimir Putin and Diego Maradona.[147] A month later he collapsed from exhaustion and was taken to hospital.[147] In 2019, after a hospitalisation because of a urinary tract infection, Pelé underwent surgery to remove kidney stones.[148] In February 2020, his son Edinho reported that Pelé was unable to walk independently and reluctant to leave home, ascribing his condition to a lack of rehabilitation following his hip operation.[149]

In September 2021, Pelé had surgery to remove a tumour on the right side of his colon.[150] Although his eldest daughter Kely stated he was "doing well", he was reportedly readmitted to intensive care a few days later,[151] before finally being released on 30 September 2021 to begin chemotherapy.[152]

Public image

Pelé is known for frequently referring to himself in the third person.[153][154]

After football

Pelé at the White House on 10 September 1986, with U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Brazil President José Sarney

In 1994, Pelé was appointed a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador.[155] In 1995, Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardoso appointed Pel�� to the position of Extraordinary Minister for Sport. During this time he proposed legislation to reduce corruption in Brazilian football, which became known as the "Pelé law."[156] The Brazilian President had eliminated the post of Sports Minister in 1998.[157] In 2001 Pelé was accused of involvement in a corruption scandal that stole $700,000 from UNICEF. It was claimed that money given to Pelé's company for a benefit match was not returned after it was cancelled, although nothing was proven, and it was denied by UNICEF.[158][159] In 1997, he received an honorary knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II at a ceremony in Buckingham Palace.[160] Pelé also helped inaugurate the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals, alongside supermodel Claudia Schiffer.[78]

Pelé, Brazil's Extraordinary Minister for Sport, with US President Bill Clinton in Rio de Janeiro, 15 October 1997

In 1993, Pelé publicly accused the Brazilian football administrator Ricardo Teixeira of corruption after Pelé's television company was rejected in a contest for the Brazilian domestic rights to the 1994 World Cup.[161] Pelé's accusations led to an eight-year feud between the pair.[162] As a consequence of the affair, the President of FIFA, João Havelange, banned Pelé from the draw for the 1994 FIFA World Cup in Las Vegas. Criticisms over the ban were perceived to have damaged Havelange's chances of re-election as FIFA's president in 1994.[161]

Pelé has published several autobiographies, starred in documentary films, and composed musical pieces, including the soundtrack for the film Pelé in 1977.[163] He appeared in the 1981 film Escape to Victory, about a World War II-era football match between Allied prisoners of war and a German team. Pelé starred alongside other footballers of the 1960s and 1970s, with actors Michael Caine and Sylvester Stallone.[164] in 1969, Pelé starred in a telenovela called Os Estranhos, about first contact with aliens. It was created to drum up interest in the Apollo missions.[165] In 2001, had a cameo role in the satire film Mike Bassett: England Manager.[166] Pelé was asked to participate in the 2006 ESPN documentary film Once in a Lifetime: The Extraordinary Story of the New York Cosmos, but declined when the producers refused to pay his requested $100,000 fee.[167]

Pelé at the World Economic Forum in Switzerland, 2006

In November 2007, Pelé was in Sheffield, England, to mark the 150th anniversary of the world's oldest football club, Sheffield F.C.[168] Pelé was the guest of honour at Sheffield's anniversary match against Inter Milan at Bramall Lane.[168] As part of his visit, Pelé opened an exhibition which included the first public showing in 40 years of the original hand-written rules of football.[168] Pelé scouted for Premier League club Fulham in 2002.[169] He made the draw for the qualification groups for the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals.[170] On 1 August 2010, Pelé was introduced as the Honorary President of a revived New York Cosmos, aiming to field a team in Major League Soccer.[171] In August 2011, ESPN reported that Santos were considering bringing him out of retirement for a cameo role in the 2011 FIFA Club World Cup, although this turned out to be false.[172]

Brazil President Lula and Pelé in commemoration of 50 years since the first World Cup title won by Brazil in 1958, at the Palácio do Planalto, 2008

The most notable area of Pelé's life since football is his ambassadorial work. In 1992, he was appointed a UN ambassador for ecology and the environment.[173] He was also awarded Brazil's gold medal for outstanding services to the sport in 1995. In 2012, Pelé was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Edinburgh for "significant contribution to humanitarian and environmental causes, as well as his sporting achievements".[174]

In 2009, Pelé assisted the Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics. In July 2009 he spearheaded the Rio 2016 presentation to the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa General Assembly in Abuja, Nigeria.[175]

On 12 August 2012, Pelé was an attendee at the 2012 Olympic hunger summit hosted by UK Prime Minister David Cameron at 10 Downing Street, London, part of a series of international efforts which have sought to respond to the return of hunger as a high-profile global issue.[176][177] Later on the same day, Pelé appeared at the closing ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, following the handover section to the next host city for the 2016 Summer Olympics, Rio de Janeiro.[178]

Pelé with Vladimir Putin at the opening of the Confederations Cup 2017 in Saint Petersburg, Russia

In March 2016, Pelé filed a lawsuit against Samsung Electronics in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois seeking US$30 million in damages claiming violations under the Lanham Act for false endorsement and a state law claim for violation of his right of publicity.[179] The suit alleged that at one point, Samsung and Pelé came close to entering into a licensing agreement for Pelé to appear in a Samsung advertising campaign. Samsung abruptly pulled out of the negotiations. The October 2015 Samsung ad in question included a partial face shot of a man who allegedly "very closely resembles" Pelé and also a superimposed high-definition television screen next to the image of the man featuring a "modified bicycle or scissors-kick", often used by Pelé.[179]

Honours

Santos

New York Cosmos

Brazil

  • FIFA World Cup (3): 1958, 1962, 1970[187]

Unofficial titles

Individual

In December 2000, Pelé and Maradona shared the prize of FIFA Player of the Century by FIFA.[193] The award was originally intended to be based upon votes in a web poll, but after it became apparent that it favoured Diego Maradona, many observers complained that the Internet nature of the poll would have meant a skewed demographic of younger fans who would have seen Maradona play, but not Pelé. FIFA then appointed a "Family of Football" committee of FIFA members to decide the winner of the award together with the votes of the readers of the FIFA magazine. The committee chose Pelé. Since Maradona was winning the Internet poll, however, it was decided he and Pelé should share the award.[194]

Orders

  • Knight of the Order of Rio Branco: 1967[228]
  • Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (honorary knighthood): 1997[229]
  • Elected Commander of the Order of Rio Branco after scoring the thousandth goal: 1969[226]
  • Awarded with the Cross of the Order of the Republic of Hungary: 1994[226]
  • Awarded the FIFA Order as a tribute to his 80 years as a sports institution: 1984[226]
  • Awarded with the Order of Merit of South America, by CONMEBOL: 1984[226]
  • Awarded with the Order of Champions, by the Organization of Catholic Youth in the USA: 1978[226]
  • He was awarded the National Order of Merit, by the government of Brazil: 1991[226]
  • Olympic Order, by the International Olympic Committee: 2016[230]

Records

  • Most goals for Brazil national football team: 77 (95 including unofficial friendlies)[231]
  • Most goals for Santos: 643 (in 659 competitive games)[3]
  • Most goals in the Intercontinental Cup: 7[232]
  • Most hat-tricks in world football: 92[233]
  • Most career goals in world football (including friendlies): 1,283 (in 1,363 games)[234]
  • Most FIFA World Cup winners' medals: 3 (1958, 1962, 1970)[234][235]
  • Youngest winner of a FIFA World Cup: aged 17 years and 249 days (1958)[236]
  • Youngest goalscorer in a FIFA World Cup: aged 17 years and 239 days (for Brazil vs Wales, 1958)[63][237]
  • Youngest player to score a hat-trick in a FIFA World Cup: aged 17 years and 244 days (for Brazil vs France, 1958)[237]
  • Youngest player to play in a FIFA World Cup Final: aged 17 years and 249 days (1958)[238]
  • Youngest goalscorer in a FIFA World Cup Final: aged 17 years and 249 days (for Brazil vs Sweden, 1958)[238]
  • Most assists provided in FIFA World Cup history: 10 (1958–1970)[239]
  • Most assists provided in a single FIFA World Cup tournament: 6 (1970)[240]
  • Most assists provided in FIFA World Cup Final matches: 3 (1 in 1958 and 2 in 1970)[240]
  • Most goals in FIFA World Cup Final matches: 3 (2 in 1958 and 1 in 1970) (shared with Vavá, Geoff Hurst and Zinedine Zidane)[241]
  • Most goals in a calendar year (recognised by FIFA): 127 (1959)[240]

Career statistics

Club

Pelé's goalscoring record is often reported by FIFA as being 1,281 goals in 1,363 games.[63] This figure includes goals scored by Pelé in friendly club matches, including international tours Pelé completed with Santos and the New York Cosmos, and a few games Pelé played in for the Brazilian armed forces teams during his national service in Brazil and the Selection Team of São Paulo State for the Brazilian Championship of States (Campeonato Brasileiro de Seleções Estaduais).[242][243] He was listed in the Guinness World Records for most career goals scored in football.[2] In 2000, IFFHS declared Pelé as the "World's Best and successful Top Division Goal Scorer of all time" with 541 goals in 560 games and honoured him with a trophy.[244][245]

The tables below record every goal Pelé scored in official club competitions for Santos and all matches and goals for the New York Cosmos.

Santos FC records
Club Season Campeonato Paulista Rio-São Paulo[note 6] Campeonato Brasileiro Série A[note 7] Domestic competitions
Sub-total
International Competitions Total
Copa Libertadores Intercontinental Cup
Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Santos 1956 0* 0* 1 1 1 1
1957 14+15* 19+17*[note 8][note 9] 9 5 38* 41* 38* 41*
1958 38 58 8 8 46 66 46* 66*
1959[249] 32 45 7 6 4* 2* 39 51 43* 53*
1960[250] 30 33 3 0 0 0 33 33 0 0 0 0 33* 33*
1961 26 47 7 8 5* 7 33 55 0 0 0 0 38* 62*
1962 26 37 0 0 5* 2* 26 37 4* 4* 2 5 37* 48*
1963[251] 19 22 8 14 4* 8 27 36 4* 5* 1 2 36 51*
1964 21 34 4 3 6* 7 25 37 0* 0* 0 0 31* 44*
1965 28 49 7 5 4* 2* 39 54 7* 8 0 0 46* 64*
1966 14 13 0* 0* 5* 2* 14* 13* 0 0 0 0 19* 15*
1967 18 17 14* 9* 32* 26* 0 0 0 0 32* 26*
1968 21 17 17* 12* 38* 28* 0 0 5 1[note 10] 43* 30*
1969 25 26 12* 12* 37* 38* 0 0 0 0 37* 38*
1970 15 7 13* 4* 28* 11* 0 0 0 0 28* 11*
1971 19 6 21 1 40 7 0 0 0 0 40 7
1972 20 9 16 5 36 14 0 0 0 0 36 14
1973 19 11 30 19 49 30 0 0 0 0 49 30
1974 10 1 17 9 27 10 0 0 0 0 27 10
Total 410 468 53 49 173* 101* 636* 618* 15 17[note 11] 8 8 659 643
  • * Indicates that the number was deduced from the list of rsssf.com and this list of Pelé games.
New York Cosmos records
Club Season League[note 12] Post season Other Total
Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
New York Cosmos 1975 9 5 14 12 23 17
1976 22 13 2 2 18 11 42 26
1977 25 13 6 4 11 6 42 23
Total 56 31 8 6 43 27 107 66

International

Pelé is the top scorer of the Brazil national football team with 77 goals in 92 official appearances.[63] He scored 12 goals and is credited with 10 assists in 14 World Cup appearances, including 4 goals and 7 assists in 1970.[17] Pelé shares with Uwe Seeler, Miroslav Klose and Cristiano Ronaldo the achievement of being the only players to have scored in four separate World Cup tournaments.[252][253]

Source:[76]

International records
Team Year Apps Goals Goal average
Brazil 1957 2 2 1.00
1958 7 9 1.28
1959 9 11 1.22
1960 6 4 0.67
1961 0 0
1962 8 8 1.00
1963 7 7 1.00
1964 3 2 0.67
1965 8 9 1.12
1966 9 5 0.55
1967 0 0
1968 7 4 0.57
1969 9 7 0.77
1970 15 8 0.53
1971 2 1 0.50
Total 92 77 0.84

Summary

Pelé's statistics of goals and appearances differ between sources mostly due to friendly games. The RSSSF states that Pelé scored 775 goals in 840 official games.[232] The following table is based on the latest announcement of RSSSF (2021).[126]

Club/team Matches Goals
Santos FC 660 643
New York Cosmos 64 37
Brazil 92 77
Military Team 4 4
Selection São Paulo 15 12
Other Selections 5 2
TOTAL 840 775

Filmography

Year Title Role Notes
1969 Os Estranhos Plínio Pompeu TV series
1971 O Barão Otelo no Barato dos Bilhões Dr. Arantes/Himself
1972 A Marcha Chico Bondade
1981 Escape to Victory Corporal Luis Fernandez
1983 A Minor Miracle Himself
1985 Pedro Mico
1986 Hotshot Santos
1986 Os Trapalhões e o Rei do Futebol Nascimento
1989 Solidão, Uma Linda História de Amor
2001 Mike Bassett: England Manager Himself
2016 Pelé: Birth of a Legend Man sitting in hotel lobby Cameo appearance

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Pelé presumed that it was an insult since the word had no meaning in Portuguese. He discovered in the 2000s that the word meant "miracle" in Hebrew.[10]
  2. ^ The mark was surpassed by Northern Ireland's Norman Whiteside in the 1982 FIFA World Cup. He scored his first World Cup goal against Wales in quarter-finals, the only goal of the match, to help Brazil advance to semi-finals, while becoming the youngest ever World Cup goalscorer at 17 years and 239 days.[60]
  3. ^ Pelé would stop in the middle of a run-up to a penalty kick before shooting the ball; goalkeepers complained that this gave strikers an unfair advantage, however, and in the 1970s, FIFA banned this move from competitions.[102]
  4. ^ The 1973 Paulista was held jointly with Portuguesa.[183][170]
  5. ^ The 1964 Torneio Rio-São Paulo was held jointly with Botafogo.[185]
  6. ^ Soccer Europe compiled this list from The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.[246]
  7. ^ Statistics from 1957 to 1974 for the Taça de Prata, Taça Brasil and Copa Libertadores were taken from Soccer Europe website. Soccer Europe lists The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation, but do not give a season-by-season breakdown.[247]
  8. ^ In 1957, the Paulista Championship was divided in two phases: Blue Series and White Series. In the first, Pelé scored 19 goals in 14 games, and in the Blue Series, scored 17 goals in 15 games.[248]
  9. ^ This number was inferred from a Santos fixture list from rsssf.com and this list of games Pelé played.
  10. ^ Intercontinental Super Cup
  11. ^ Statistics from 1957 to 1974 for the Taça de Prata, Taça Brasil and Copa Libertadores were taken from Soccer Europe website. Soccer Europe lists The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation, but do not give a season-by-season breakdown.[247]
  12. ^ RSSSF recognize as league goals those scored in NASL, the post season play-offs, Campeonato Paulista goals and the original Campeonato Brazileiro goals (1971-1974). IFFHS has made the same validation in the past.

References

  1. ^ a b "FIFA: Pele, the greatest of them all". FIFA. 28 June 2012. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Most career goals (football)". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  3. ^ a b "FIFA :Records being hunted in 2020". FIFA. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  4. ^ a b c "Pelé (Brazilian Athlete)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  5. ^ a b c Ronay, Barney (1 January 2021). "Pelé's revolutionary status must survive numbers game against Lionel Messi". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d Pelé & Fish 1977, p. 18–19.
  7. ^ a b Pelé 2008, p. 14.
  8. ^ Narcía, Eva. "Un siglo, diez historias" (in Spanish). BBC World Service. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
  9. ^ "From Edson to Pelé: my changing identity". The Guardian. London. 12 May 2006. Retrieved 1 October 2006.
  10. ^ a b Winterman, Denise (4 January 2006). "Taking the Pelé". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 November 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  11. ^ a b c "Pelé". Biography.com, via A&E Television Networks. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  12. ^ Heizer 1997, p. 173.
  13. ^ Magill 1999, p. 2950.
  14. ^ a b "Pele Speaks of Benefits of Futebol de Salão". International Confederation of Futebol de Salão. 24 May 2006. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016.
  15. ^ Massarela, Louis (7 September 2016). "Exclusive interview: Pele on his Santos years". FourFourTwo. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
  16. ^ Marcus 1976, p. 20.
  17. ^ a b "Pele helps Brazil to World Cup title". History. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  18. ^ Da Mata, Alessandro (26 October 2007). "Mesário da estréia de Pelé lembra atrapalhada" (in Portuguese). Sâo Paulo: LANCE!. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008.
  19. ^ "Pelé, auguri a Ronaldo. E rivela: "Sono stato vicino alla Juve"". La Gazzetta dello Sport (in Italian). 18 August 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  20. ^ Cecere, Nicola (26 May 2016). "Moratti: "Pelé era dell'Inter, ma il presidente del Santos cambiò idea..."" [Moratti: "Pelé was Inter's, but the president of Santos changed his mind ..."]. La Gazzetta dello Sport (in Italian). Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  21. ^ Chelala, Cesar (2014). "Pele, Maradona and Messi: soccer's holy trinity". Japan Times.
  22. ^ "Campeonato Paulista: Artilheiros da história – 2". Brasil em Folhas (in Portuguese). 17 January 2008.
  23. ^ Unzelte, Celso; Varanda, Pedro; Cammarota, Giuseppe; Barreto Berwanger, Alexandre Magno (2011). "Fichas Técnicas De Jogos Que Decidiram O Torneio Rio-Sâo Paulo" (in Portuguese). Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
  24. ^ Matta, Fernando; Varanda, Pedro; Barreto Berwanger, Alexandre Magno; Unzelte, Celso; Leme de Arruda, Marcelo (2009). "Torneio Rio-São Paulo 1960" (in Portuguese). Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 16 December 2009.
  25. ^ "Santos revive spirit of Pele". BBC Sport. 16 February 2003. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "What they said about Pele". FIFA. 16 Jul 2019.
  27. ^ Dunmore 2015, p. 290.
  28. ^ a b Pierrend, José Luis; Beuker, John; Ciullini, Pablo; Gorgazzi, Osvaldo. "Copa Libertadores de América 1962". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  29. ^ a b "Intercontinental Cups 1962 and 1963". FIFA. 15 January 2015
  30. ^ "Extraordinary Pele crowns Santos in Lisbon". FIFA. 11 October 2012. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  31. ^ Vickery, Tim (23 December 2009). "Will South Africa 2010 produce a new Pele?". BBC Sport. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  32. ^ "1963: With an amazing Pele, Brazil's Santos wins their second Copa Libertadores Tournament". CONMEBOL. 12 September 2015. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  33. ^ a b Bassorelli, Gerardo. "En los años sesenta, Peñarol y Santos protagonizaron inolvidables batallas por la Libertadores, generando una rivalidad que transformó a este duelo en el primer clásico que tuvo la Copa". LaRed21. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  34. ^ Andrés, Juan Pablo; Ballesteros, Frank; Di Maggio, Robert. "Copa Libertadores – Topscorers". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 31 October 2015.
  35. ^ "Pele scores 1,000th goal". History.com. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  36. ^ "Pele receives tribute for 1959 goal". The Times. Malta. 31 August 2006. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  37. ^ a b "Remembering Pele's gol de placa". FIFA. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
  38. ^ Bellos 2003, p. 244.
  39. ^ "Pele: Recalling the Moments That Defined His Career". Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  40. ^ Santos – Pelé edges Eusebio as Santos defend title FIFA. 23 April 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2011
  41. ^ "Lionel Messi passes Pele for most goals with one club (VIDEO)". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  42. ^ "Lionel Messi breaks Pelé's record for goals at a single club". The Guardian. 23 December 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  43. ^ Apple Jr., R. W. (4 July 1975). "Pele to Play Soccer Here for $7‐Million". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  44. ^ Newsham, Gavin (9 June 2005). "When Pele and Cosmos were kings". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  45. ^ a b c "How Pelé lit up soccer in America and left a legacy fit for a king". The Guardian. 30 September 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  46. ^ Yaisinis, Alex (21 June 1975). "Swarming Fans Injure Pele". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  47. ^ Lewis, Michael (2 June 2015). "40 years on: how New York Cosmos lured Pelé to a football wasteland". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  48. ^ a b "Football and Politics in the Shadow of the Cedars, 2000–2015". mepc.org. Middle East Policy Council. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  49. ^ "Lebanon's national teams fly above entrenched sectarianism among supporters". The National. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  50. ^ Dunmore 2011, p. 198.
  51. ^ Gustkey, Earl (28 August 1999). "Pele's Contributions Gave Soccer a Foothold". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  52. ^ Freedman 2014, p. 165.
  53. ^ "'Love! Love! Love!' Cries Pele to 75,646 in Farewell". The New York Times. 2 October 1977. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  54. ^ "Seven the number for Pele". FIFA. 2007. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  55. ^ a b Williams, Bob (28 October 2008). "Top 10: Young sporting champions". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  56. ^ Lang, Jack (7 July 2017). "60 years ago today, Pele scored his first Brazil goal and began a career that would change football". The Independent. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
  57. ^ Morrison, Neil; Gandini, Luca; Villante, Eric. "Oldest and Youngest Players and Goal-scorers in International Football". Rec. Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
  58. ^ "Simply the best ever". ABC News. 25 April 2002. Archived from the original on 2 January 2003.
  59. ^ "Copa 1958". Terra Networks (in Portuguese). 2006.
  60. ^ Gault, Matt (9 July 2015). "Norman Whiteside: world beater at 17, retired by 26". These Football Times. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  61. ^ Hawkes, Will (26 May 2010). "Flashback No 6. Sweden 1958: Pele's genius propels Brazil to first title". The Independent.
  62. ^ FIFA World Cup Goal of the Century FIFA. 30 May 2002. Retrieved 5 May 2011
  63. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "The King of football". FIFA. 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  64. ^ Pelé (13 May 2006). "How a teenager took the world by wizardry". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  65. ^ a b 1958 FIFA World Cup Sweden – Awards FIFA. Retrieved 6 May 2011
  66. ^ Spencer, Jamie (7 September 2015). "The Fascinating Stories Behind 13 Famous Shirt Numbers". 90 Min. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  67. ^ a b Tabeira, Martín (19 July 2007). "The Copa América Archive – Trivia". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  68. ^ a b Tabeira, Martín (2009). "Southamerican Championship 1959 (1st Tournament)". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
  69. ^ a b "PELE – International Football Hall of Fame". ifhof.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
  70. ^ Kunti, Samindra (23 October 2015). "A Look Back at Pelé's Legendary Takedown of Mexico's Defense at the 1962 World Cup". Remezcla.
  71. ^ Downie, Andrew (6 July 2014). "Brazilians look to Pele and 1962 for Cup-winning omen". Reuters. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  72. ^ Moore, Glenn (3 June 2006). "Pele: The Greatest". The Independent. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  73. ^ a b c "1966 FIFA World Cup England: Group 3". FIFA. Retrieved 16 January 2015
  74. ^ a b Burnton, Simon (24 July 2016). "Why not everyone remembers the 1966 World Cup as fondly as England". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  75. ^ a b Collins, Nick (9 July 2010). "World Cup final: 10 top World Cup refereeing errors". The Telegraph. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  76. ^ a b c d Mamrud, Roberto. "Edson Arantes do Nascimento "Pelé" – Goals in International matches". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
  77. ^ Bell, Jack (11 July 2007). "1970 Brazilian Soccer Team Voted Best Ever". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  78. ^ a b Joseph, Paul (9 April 2008). "The boys from Brazil: On the trail of football's dream team". The Independent. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  79. ^ Vickery, Tim (4 April 2017). "Zagallo and Tostao". The Blizzard. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017.
  80. ^ "Mexico in thrall to Brazilians' beautiful game". FIFA. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  81. ^ a b c d Hughes, Rob (29 December 1999). "The Greatest? For Century, Pele Eclipses Muhammad Ali". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  82. ^ Hattenstone, Simon (30 June 2003). "And God created Pelé". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  83. ^ "Jairzinho and Banks reunited". BBC. 2 August 2002. Retrieved 28 July 2003.
  84. ^ Joyce, Stephen (12 January 2010). "Mexico 1970: Brazilians show all how beautiful game should be played". Sky Sports. Archived from the original on 10 February 2010.
  85. ^ "World Championship – Jules Rimet Cup 1970 Final". FIFA. Retrieved 17 December 2014
  86. ^ "Coca-Cola Memorable Celebrations 1: Pele's Iconic Leap of Joy After Scoring Brazil's Century Goal". Goal. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  87. ^ Benson, Andrew (2 June 2006) "The perfect goal". BBC Sport. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  88. ^ "Brazil's heroes of 1970 relive their days of glory". FIFA. 10 June 2000. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  89. ^ a b Kirby, Gentry (2003). "Pele, King of Futbol". ESPN. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  90. ^ "Spain's 2010 conquerors in numbers". FIFA.com. 22 August 2017. Archived from the original on 7 June 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  91. ^ Stevenson, Jonathan (20 January 2008). "Remembering the genius of Garrincha". BBC. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  92. ^ "The World Cup will show why football is still a beautiful game". The Telegraph (12 June 2014).
  93. ^ a b c Malley, Frank (23 December 1999). "Pele, the perfect player". The Independent. London.
  94. ^ Bate, Adam (19 March 2015). "Messi? Ronaldo? Pele? Maradona? Who is the greatest of all-time?". Sky Sports. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  95. ^ a b Massarella, Louis (5 November 2015). "Pele or Puskas? Maradona or Messi? Just who is the best No.10 of all-time?". FourFourTwo. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  96. ^ a b Miller, David (12 December 2000). "Maradona's genius cannot eclipse Brazilian master". The Telegraph. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  97. ^ Adams, Tom (9 November 2015). "Mesut Ozil's assists at Arsenal make a compelling case for player of the year". ESPN FC. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  98. ^ a b "Pelé and Maradona – two very different number tens". FIFA. 25 January 2001. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  99. ^ Pelé 2008, p. 41.
  100. ^ Pastorin, Darwin. "PELE (Edson Arantes do Nascimento)" (in Italian). Treccani: Enciclopedia dello Sport (2002). Archived from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  101. ^ a b Marino, Giovanni (21 April 2010). "La vita mancina di Mario Corso "Io, tra Herrera, Pelè e Berselli"". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  102. ^ a b Pelé 2008, p. 112.
  103. ^ "Pele Player Profile". ESPN FC. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  104. ^ Radogna, Fiorenzo (1 October 2017). "40 anni fa l'addio al calcio di Pelé: la storia di O Rei, tre volte campione del mondo". Il Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  105. ^ Miller, Nick (15 June 2015). "Pele Top 10: World Cup glory, with Bobby Moore and goals, goals goals". ESPN FC. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  106. ^ Crosetti, Maurizio (26 May 2014). "Palleggio volante ed esterno destro il mondo conobbe il bambino Pelé". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  107. ^ "A Shot That Captured the Bigger Meaning in Sports". The New York Times. 15 September 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  108. ^ Longhi, Lorenzo (18 October 2010). "Il mastino Burgnich: "Il mio Pelé, il migliore di tutti"" (in Italian). sport.sky.it. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  109. ^ Fiori, Stefano (27 June 2018). "Mondiali, la maledizione dei campioni in carica continua" (in Italian). foxsports.it. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  110. ^ Motisi, Domenico (5 October 2017). "Da Pelé a Grosso, i 20 calciatori più determinanti e decisivi ai Mondiali" (in Italian). sport.sky.it. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  111. ^ "ESPN.com - ENDOFCENTURY - Wide World of Sports athlete of the century". www.espn.com. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  112. ^ "Pele tops World Cup legends poll". BBC News. 12 June 2006. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  113. ^ "The Best of the Best". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010.
  114. ^ "What they said about Pele". FIFA.com. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  115. ^ "Pele and Mourinho win BBC awards". BBC. 11 December 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  116. ^ "Alfredo Di Stefano: Pele is better than Messi and Ronaldo". ESPN. 10 September 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  117. ^ "Speech by Nelson Mandela at the Inaugural Laureus Lifetime Achievement Award, Monaco 2000". nelsonmandela.org. 25 May 2000. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  118. ^ Kissinger, Henry (14 June 1999). "PELE: The Phenomenon". Time. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  119. ^ Michelle Roehm McCann (2012). "Boys Who Rocked the World: Heroes from King Tut to Bruce Lee". p. 140. Simon and Schuster
  120. ^ "Pelé Museum is opened with a 2,400-piece collection and a hologram of the King of Football". Copa 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
  121. ^ "Brazil inaugurates Pele Museum". ESPN. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
  122. ^ "Pele: FIFA Ballon d'Or Prix d'honneur". FIFA. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  123. ^ a b Crépin, Timothé (2 December 2015). "Pelé devait être le recordman" (in French). France Football.
  124. ^ a b Crépin, Timothé (14 December 2020). "Ballon d'Or Dream Team : Découvrez les révélations de ce onze de légende !". France Football (in French). Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  125. ^ "Prolific Scorers Data : Best League Goalscorers All-Time". RSSSF.com. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  126. ^ a b "RSSSF : Prolific Scorers Data-Additional Data on Pelé". rsssf. com. 28 January 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  127. ^ Morrissey, Paul (27 April 2013). "Romario trolls Pele on Twitter, says he's a phony Catholic and talks nothing but shit". 101greatgoals.com. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  128. ^ "Brazil's greatest Pele turns 75". Daily Express. 23 October 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  129. ^ "Pelé Scores A Marriage Hat Trick". Latin Times. 20 August 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  130. ^ "Pele's son Edinho jailed for 33 years for Drug Trafficking". biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. 1 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  131. ^ "Brazil: Footballer Pele's son Edinho in jail over drug trafficking charges". BBC. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
  132. ^ Simón, Yara (28 August 2015). "A Look Back at Xuxa and Pelé's Controversial Relationship". Remezcla. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  133. ^ "Brazilian Soccer Legend Pelé Scores A Marriage Hat Trick [VIDEO]". Latin Times. 9 March 2018.
  134. ^ a b "Pele's daughter dies of cancer at 42". ESPN. 17 October 2006. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  135. ^ a b "Pele misses funeral of "daughter he never wanted". People. 18 October 2006. Retrieved 3 February 2014
  136. ^ a b "Daughter who sued Pele dies of cancer at 42". ESPN. 17 October 2006. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  137. ^ "'Minha primeira paixão foi uma japonesa e a última também vai ser', afirma Pelé" ['My first love was a Japanese and will also be the last,' says Pele] (in Portuguese). Brasil Online. 11 December 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  138. ^ "Football legend Pele marries 'definitive love'". The Belfast Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  139. ^ "Pelé foi investigado pela ditadura na década de 1970". Brasil em Folhas (in Portuguese). 1 January 1970. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  140. ^ "How football legend, Arthur Ashe were trapped in Lagos during 1976 coup". Pulse. Retrieved 26 July 2018
  141. ^ "The story of Lagos’ ill-fated 1976 Professional Tennis Tournament". Africa's Country. Retrieved 26 July 2018
  142. ^ "Estranho, conservador, desastroso e 'de outro planeta'; comentaristas analisam declarações de Pelé" (in Portuguese). ESPN UOL. 19 June 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  143. ^ Romero, Simon; Neuman, William (21 June 2013). "How Angry Is Brazil? Pelé Now Has Feet of Clay". The New York Times.
  144. ^ "Estátua de Pelé é "amordaçada" na cidade natal do jogador" (in Portuguese). Terra Networks. 21 June 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  145. ^ Guilherme Seto, Rafael Reis (28 November 2014). "Pelé tem apenas um rim desde que era jogador de futebol". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  146. ^ "Pele in hospital, hip operation a success, report says". ESPN. 13 November 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  147. ^ a b "Pele recovering in hospital after collapsing with exhaustion". The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  148. ^ Gray, Melissa. "Pele recovering after kidney stone procedure in Brazil". CNN. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  149. ^ "Pele: Brazil legend reluctant to leave his home, says son Edinho". Sky Sports. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  150. ^ "Pelé: Brazil legend remains in intensive care as he recovers from surgery to remove tumour". Sky Sports. 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  151. ^ "Pele in 'stable' condition after respiratory problems, hospital says". Reuters. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  152. ^ "Brazil: Pele released from hospital to begin chemotherapy". DW. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  153. ^ Hattenstone, Simon (30 June 2003). "And God created Pele". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 January 2009.
  154. ^ Fink, Jesse (13 November 2011). "Pelé's mouth should get a straight red". The Sunday Guardian. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
  155. ^ "World Sport Humanitarian Hall of Fame Inductees – Pelé". Sports Humanitarian. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  156. ^ "Pele Law on sports introduced in Brazil". BBC News. 25 March 1998. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  157. ^ "Pele is dropped as Brazilian Sports Minister". Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  158. ^ "UNICEF denies Pele corruption reports". SportBusiness.com. Reuters. 23 November 2001. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  159. ^ Pelé slips from Brazil pedestal, The Observer, 25 November 2001.
  160. ^ "Education: Sir Pele lends his support". The Independent. 3 December 1997. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  161. ^ a b Darby 2002, p. 110.
  162. ^ Bellos 2003, p. 114.
  163. ^ Pelé at AllMusic
  164. ^ "Escape to Victory remake: who should follow in Pelé's footsteps?". The Guardian. 27 June 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  165. ^ "Estranhos extraterrestres chegavam na tela da Excelsior para fazer contato com Pelé" (in Portuguese). Cartâo de Visita. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  166. ^ Mark Deming (2016). "Mike Bassett: England Manager (2001)". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  167. ^ Hirshey, David. "Pelé: When Soccer Ruled the USA". ESPN.com. ESPN. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  168. ^ a b c Rawcliffe, Jonathan (9 November 2007). "Pelé joins Sheffield celebrations". BBC Sport. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  169. ^ "Pele scouts for Fulham". BBC Sport. 9 October 2002. Retrieved 10 June 2006.
  170. ^ a b c d Blevins 2011, p. 756.
  171. ^ Bell, Jack (1 August 2010). "Cosmos Begin Anew, With Eye Toward M.L.S." The New York Times. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  172. ^ "Santos hope for Pele comeback". ESPN. 4 August 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  173. ^ Russell, Scott (1 October 2009). "Reasons why Rio is the right Olympic choice". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  174. ^ "Pelé to receive honorary degree". University of Edinburgh. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  175. ^ "World Cup king Pele scores for Rio 2016 at ANOCA assembly". Sports Features.com. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
  176. ^ Forsyth, Justin (12 August 2012). "The 2012 hunger summit could be the reallegacy of the Games". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  177. ^ "Sport stars get behind Olympic hunger summit". 10 Downing Street. 12 August 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  178. ^ Coughlan, Maggie; Perry, Simon (12 August 2012). "Spice Girls, One Direction Bring Olympics to a Dazzling End". People. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  179. ^ a b Batterman, L. Robert (23 June 2016). "Soccer Legend Pelé Calls for a Yellow Card against Samsung". The National Law Review. Proskauer Rose LLP. ISSN 2161-3362. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  180. ^ "Pelé o atleta do século". globo.com. 3 January 2016. Archived from the original on 29 January 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  181. ^ Pierrend, José Luis; Beuker, John; Ciullini, Pablo; Gorgazzi, Osvaldo. "Copa Libertadores de América 1963". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  182. ^ a b "Recopa Intercontinental 1968/69". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 1 June 2018
  183. ^ Marcos, Antonio (26 August 2013). "Um campeonato, dois campeões: Conheça a história do Paulista de 73". globo.com.
  184. ^ "FIFA 18 World Cup Icons player ratings revealed: Pele, Gary Lineker and the 17 classic players". Bristol Post. 27 June 2018.
  185. ^ Pontes, Ricardo (18 January 2002). "Torneio Rio-São Paulo – List of Champions". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  186. ^ a b Litterer, David A. (14 May 2010). "North American Soccer League". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  187. ^ "Pelé: Most wins of the FIFA World Cup by a player". Guinness World Records. 14 December 2017.
  188. ^ Pierrend, José Luis. "Copa del Atlântico". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  189. ^ Bishara, Motez; Ridell, Don (2 June 2016). "Pele: My four greatest moments". CNN. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  190. ^ "Pelé - Edson Arantes do Nascimento - Sambafoot.com, all About Brazilian Football". www.sambafoot.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  191. ^ Pierrend, José Luis (21 September 2007). "Copa Oswaldo Cruz". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  192. ^ Pierrend, José Luis (30 September 1998). "Copa Bernardo O'Higgins". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  193. ^ "The 20th Century Boys". BBC Sport. 10 December 2000. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  194. ^ "Split decision-Pele, Maradona each win FIFA century awards after feud". Sports Illustrated. 11 December 2000. Archived from the original on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  195. ^ Andres, Juan Pablo; Ballesteros, Frank; Di Maggio, Roberto. "Copa Libertadores – Topscorers". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  196. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1963". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
  197. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1962 – Top Scorer". worldfootball.net.
  198. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1963 – Top Scorer". worldfootball.net.
  199. ^ Carlos, Antonio; Said, On 6 June 2011 at 18:50 (19 March 2010). "Taça Brasil".
  200. ^ "Todos os Artilheiros do Torneio Rio-São Paulo" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  201. ^ Casari, Yuri (27 July 2015). "Bola de Prata Placar 1970" (in Portuguese). Escrevendo Futebol. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  202. ^ "Pele receives FIFA Ballon d'Or Prix d'Honneur". FIFA. 13 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014
  203. ^ a b "IFFHS' Century Elections". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
  204. ^ a b "IFFHS (International Federation of Football History & Statistics)". IFFHS.
  205. ^ "IFFHS' Players and Keepers of the Century for many countries". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
  206. ^ Janeiro, Por SporTV comRio de. "Revista faz revisão na Bola de Ouro, e Pelé desbanca Messi nas regras atuais". sportv.com.
  207. ^ "FIFA Order of Merit" (PDF). FIFA. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  208. ^ a b "Player Bios". U.S. Soccer. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  209. ^ "Pele's list of the greatest". BBC. 4 March 2004. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  210. ^ "France Football's World Cup Top-100 1930–1990". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
  211. ^ "Overseas Personality of the Year – previous winners". BBC. 11 November 2003. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  212. ^ "Sports Personality of the Year celebrates 60th show". BBC. 10 May 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  213. ^ Lovina Chidi, Sylvia (13 June 2014). The Greatest Black Achievers in History. Lulu. p. 680. ISBN 978-1-291-90933-3.
  214. ^ "Golden Foot Awards 2012 – Ibrahimovic, Pele, And Cantona". Amfm magazine. Retrieved 8 January 2013
  215. ^ Bar-On 2014, p. 192.
  216. ^ "Pelé Fast Facts". CNN. 1 June 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2015
  217. ^ Pierrend, José Luis (22 December 2000). "South American Player of the Year 1973". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
  218. ^ Stokkermans, Karel (23 December 2015). "France Football's Football Player of the Century". Rec.Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  219. ^ World All-Time Teams. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 26 November 2014
  220. ^ Kissinger, Henry (14 June 1999) Time 100 – PELE: The Phenomenon Time. Retrieved 22 May 2010
  221. ^ "How the panel voted". World Soccer. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  222. ^ "BREAKING NEWS – PELE IS COMING | Football Writers' Association". footballwriters.co.uk. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  223. ^ "NASL All-Star Teams, all-time". homepages.sover.net. Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  224. ^ "Heritage". nycosmos.com. New York City, New York: New York Cosmos. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  225. ^ Cosmos honor Pele by retiring number – almost 37 years after they already did by Chris Wright on ESPN, 15 June 2013
  226. ^ a b c d e f g h "O triunfo do Rei Pelé – sambafoot.com, Futebol + Brasil". 19 April 2009. Archived from the original on 19 April 2009.
  227. ^ "IFFHS ALL TIME WORLD MEN'S DREAM TEAM". IFFHS. 22 May 2021.
  228. ^ Meade, Teresa A. (2010). A Brief History of Brazil. Infobase Publishing. p. 207.
  229. ^ Hartston, William (22 October 2015). "Top 10 facts about Grace and Pelé". Daily Express. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  230. ^ "Brazil legend Pele receives Olympic Order". ESPN. 17 June 2016.
  231. ^ Mamrud, Roberto (2 March 2015). "Brazil – Record International Players: Goalscoring for Brazil National Team". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  232. ^ a b Kolos, Vladimir (2 February 2021). "Prolific Scorers Data". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  233. ^ Archive: Brazil legend Pele retires from professional football BBC Sport. 1 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015
  234. ^ a b Lynch, Kevin (30 October 2013). "Pelé honoured with two Guinness World Records achievements in London". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  235. ^ FIFA.com. "Pele at the FIFA World Cup - FIFA". FIFA. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018.
  236. ^ "Youngest winner of the football (soccer) FIFA World Cup". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  237. ^ a b Planet World Cup – Statistics – Players Planet World Cup. Retrieved 19 October 2015
  238. ^ a b Dhar, Pulasta (9 June 2014). "World Cup 1958 and 1962: The story of Brazil and Pele begins..." First Post. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  239. ^ DelhiOctober 23, Rohan Sen New; October 23, 2017UPDATED; Ist, 2017 15:59. "On this day: The greatest footballer on the planet, Pele, turns 77". India Today.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  240. ^ a b c "Happy 80th birthday to 'The King'". FIFA.com. 21 June 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  241. ^ "Zidane off as Italy win World Cup". BBC. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  242. ^ "Pelé statistics". m-qp-m.us.
  243. ^ "Jogos e goals de Pelé pelo Santos" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Santos FC. 2012. pp. 1–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2012.
  244. ^ "IFFHS NEWS AND STATISTICS OF THE WEEK 51". iffhs.com. 19 December 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  245. ^ "IFFHS Top Division Scorers". Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  246. ^ Castano Graff, Emilio; Orlando Duarte, Gregoriak. "Pelé History". Soccer Europe. Archived from the original on 8 February 2007.
  247. ^ a b "Biographies: Pelé Statistics". Soccer Europe. 2012.
  248. ^ Brito, Ricardo. "Campeonato Paulista 1957". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 December 2006. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  249. ^ Pontes, Ricardo; Bovi Diogo, Julio (9 February 2009). "Brazil Cup 1959". RSSSF Brazil. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  250. ^ Pontes, Ricardo; Bovi Diogo, Julio (18 June 2009). "Brazil Cup 1960". RSSSF Brazil. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  251. ^ Pontes, Ricardo; Bovi Diogo, Julio (18 June 2009). "Brazil Cup 1963". RSSSF Brazil. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  252. ^ Alsos, Jan. "Legends – Uwe Seeler". Planet World Cup. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  253. ^ "Cristiano Ronaldo makes GOAT case with hat-trick as Portugal draw Spain". ESPNFC. 17 July 2019.

Bibliography

External links

Retrieved from ""