Peroxide
Names | |
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Systematic IUPAC name
Dioxidanediide | |
Other names
# peroxide
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Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI |
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ChemSpider |
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486 | |
Properties | |
R−O−O−R | |
Molar mass | 31.998 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Infobox references | |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Peroxide_group_v.2.png/170px-Peroxide_group_v.2.png)
Types of peroxides, from top to bottom: peroxide ion, organic peroxide, organic hydroperoxide, peracid. The peroxide group is marked in blue. R, R1 and R2 mark hydrocarbon moieties.
Peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure R−O−O−R, where R = any element.[1][2] The O−O group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxo group. The nomenclature is somewhat variable.[3]
The most common peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), colloquially known simply as "peroxide". It is marketed as solutions in water at various concentrations. Many organic peroxides are known as well.
![O−O bond length = 147.4 pm O−H bond length = 95.0 pm](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/H2O2_gas_structure.svg/250px-H2O2_gas_structure.svg.png)
Structure and dimensions of H2O2.
Aside from hydrogen peroxide, some other major classes of peroxides are:
- Peroxy acids, the peroxy derivatives of many familiar acids, examples being peroxymonosulfuric acid and peracetic acid, and their salts, one example of which is potassium peroxydisulfate.
- Main group peroxides, compounds with the linkage E−O−O−E (E = main group element).
- Metal peroxides, examples being barium peroxide (BaO2), sodium peroxide (Na2O2) and zinc peroxide (ZnO2).
- Organic peroxides, compounds with the linkage C−O−O−C or C−O−O−H. One example is tert-butylhydroperoxide.
References[]
- ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ Smith, Michael B.; March, Jerry (2007), Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (6th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, ISBN 978-0-471-72091-1
- ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "peroxides". doi:10.1351/goldbook.P04510
Categories:
- Peroxides