Persicaria
Persicaria | |
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Persicaria capitata | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Polygonaceae |
Subfamily: | Polygonoideae |
Genus: | Persicaria Mill. 1754 |
Species | |
See text | |
Synonyms[1] | |
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List |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Leiden_University_Library_-_Seikei_Zusetsu_vol._25%2C_page_010_-_%E5%A4%A7%E6%AF%9B%E8%93%BC_-_Persicaria_orientalis_%28L.%29_Spach%2C_1804.jpg/220px-Leiden_University_Library_-_Seikei_Zusetsu_vol._25%2C_page_010_-_%E5%A4%A7%E6%AF%9B%E8%93%BC_-_Persicaria_orientalis_%28L.%29_Spach%2C_1804.jpg)
Persicaria is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. Plants of the genus are known commonly as knotweeds[2]:436 or smartweeds.[3] It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species occurring nearly worldwide.[3][4] The genus was segregated from Polygonum.[5]
Description[]
The genus includes annual and perennial herbs with taproots or fibrous root systems, or with rhizomes or stolons. The stems are often erect but may be prostrate along the ground, and some species are prickly.[3] The stems are self-supporting or twining and climbing.[6] The leaves are alternately arranged, deciduous, and variously shaped. The brownish or reddish ochrea may be leathery to papery. The inflorescence may be a panicle or a spikelike or headlike arrangement of fascicles of flowers. The flower is white, greenish, reddish, pink or purple, with the tepals partially fused together along the bases. The fruit is an achene which can take a number of shapes, including a disc or a sphere.[3]
Taxonomy[]
Within the family Polygonaceae, Persicaria is placed in the subfamily Polygonoideae, where the tribe Persicarieae consists of two sister genera, Bistorta and Koenigia, together with Persicaria.[7]
Persicarieae |
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Species[]
As of February 2019, Plants of the World Online accepted the following 131 species:[8][Note 1]
- (Kunth) M.Gómez
- (Cufod.) Soják
- Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre – amphibious bistort, water smartweed
- (Pall.) Ronse Decr.
- Persicaria arifolia (L.) Haraldson – halberd-leaf tearthumb
- (Meisn.) Soják
- Persicaria attenuata (R.Br.) Soják
- (L.) H.Hara
- (Hayata) Nemoto
- Persicaria bicornis (Raf.) Nieuwl. – pink smartweed
- (Makino) Ohki
- Persicaria bungeana (Turcz.) Nakai – prickly smartweed
- Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross – pink-head knotweed
- (Olney) Greene – Carey's smartweed
- Persicaria cespitosa (Blume) Nakai
- Persicaria chinensis (L.) H.Gross – Chinese knotweed
- (Meisn.) H.Gross ex W.Lee
- Persicaria decipiens (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson – slender knotweed, willow-weed
- Persicaria dichotoma (Blume) Masam.
- (Hemsl.) H.Gross ex T.Mori
- M.A.Hassan
- Persicaria extremiorientalis (Vorosch.) Tzvelev
- (Wedd.) Soják
- Persicaria filiformis (Thunb.) Nakai
- Persicaria foliosa (H.Lindb.) Kitag.
- (Caruel) Galasso
- Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez' – smooth smartweed
- (Meisn.) H.Hara
- (De Wild.) Soják
- (Dammer) S.Ortiz & Paiva
- (Makino) Nakai
- (Walter) Small – hairy smartweed
- (Kunth) M.Gómez
- (Meisn.) H.Hara
- Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre – water-pepper, marsh-pepper smartweed
- Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small – swamp smartweed, mild water-pepper
- (J.Schust.) Soják
- (Meisn.) Nakai
- (Makino) Nakai
- (R.Br.) Soják
- Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre – pale persicaria
- (Lepech.) H.Gross
- (Meisn.) H.Hara
- Persicaria longiseta (Bruyn) Kitag. – bristly lady's thumb
- (Regel) Nakai
- (Meisn.) Haraldson
- Persicaria maculosa Gray – Jesusplant, spotted lady's thumb, redshank
- (Meisn.) S.Ortiz & Paiva
- (Danser) Galasso
- Persicaria meisneriana (Cham. & Schltdl.) M.Gómez – Mexican tearthumb
- (D.Don) H.Gross
- Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz – small water-pepper
- Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Assenov
- (Meisn.) Nemoto
- (Nakai) Ohki
- Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) Miyabe) – Nepal knotweed
- S.Ortiz & Paiva
- (Täckh. & Boulos) Greuter & Burdet
- Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Soják – Vietnamese coriander
- Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach – kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate, prince's feather, princess-feather
- (Dunn) Yonek. & H.Ohashi
- (Wedd.) S.T.Kim & Donoghue
- (Wall. ex Meisn.) Nemoto
- Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M.Gómez) – Pennsylvania smartweed
- Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H.Gross
- (Meisn.) K.L.Wilson
- Persicaria posumbu (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross
- (Hook.f.) H.Hara
- Persicaria prostrata (R.Br.) Soják - Creeping Knotweed
- (Blume) H.Hara
- (Blume) Soják
- Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small – dotted knotweed
- (Fernald) Soják
- (Small) E.P.Bicknell – stout smartweed
- Kitag.
- (Cham.) Galasso
- (Meisn.) H.Gross
- Persicaria runcinata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross
- Persicaria sagittata (L.) H.Gross – American tearthumb, arrowleaf tearthumb, arrowvine
- (Kunth) Small
- (Meisn.) Soják
- (Meisn.) H.Gross
- (Baldwin) Small – bog smartweed
- (A.Rich.) K.L.Wilson
- Migo
- (Royle ex Bab.) H.Gross
- (Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.) M.A.Hassan
- (Cham.) Galasso
- (R.Br.) Nakai – spotted knotweed
- (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson
- Kitag.
- (H.Lév.) Koidz.
- (Blume) H.Hara
- (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Gross
- Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spach – Chinese indigo, polygonum-indigo
- (Makino) Nakai
- (Koidz.) Honda
- Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertn. – jumpseed
- (Makino) H.Gross
- (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross ex T.Mori
- (De Wild.) Soják
Notes[]
- ^ As of May 2019, "Persicaria persicaria Small" was also listed, but the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants does not allow tautonyms, and this name is illegitimate.[9] The correct name is Persicaria maculosa.
References[]
- ^ "Persicaria Mill". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 88. ISBN 9780521707725.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Persicaria. Flora of North America.
- ^ Persicaria. New South Wales Flora Online. National Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney.
- ^ Wilson, K. L. (1990). Some widespread species of Persicaria (Polygonaceae) and their allies. Kew Bulletin 45(4) 621-36.
- ^ Persicaria. FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.
- ^ Schuster et al 2015.
- ^ "Persicaria Mill". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-03-07.
- ^ "Plant Name Details for Persicaria persicaria Small". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
Bibliography[]
- Schuster, Tanja M.; Reveal, James L.; Bayly, Michael J. & Kron, Kathleen A. (2015). "An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of Oxygonum, Pteroxygonum, and Rumex, and a new circumscription of Koenigia". Taxon. 64 (6): 1188–1208. doi:10.12705/646.5.
- Persicaria
- Polygonaceae genera
- Taxa named by Philip Miller