Petalonamae
| Petalonamae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Charniodiscus arboreus. | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia
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| Superphylum: | |
| Phylum: | †Petalonamae Pflug, 1972[1]
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| Subtaxa[2][3] | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The petalonams (Petalonamae) are an extinct group of archaic animals typical of the Ediacaran biota, also called frondomorphs, dating from approximately 635 million years ago to 516 million years ago. They are benthic and motionless animals,[4] that have the shape of leaves, fronds (frondomorphic), feathers or spindles and that at first were considered algae, octocorals or sea pens, but now it is believed that they did not leave current descendants and that they would have a probable relation with the Ediacaran animals called Vendozoans.
It is considered that they were fluffy organisms or at least in appearance, and as if they were "inflatable". They are difficult to classify phylogenetically. With no mouth, intestines, reproductive organs, and no evidence of its internal structure preserved, its existence is very strange by current standards. The most widely accepted hypothesis is that they could suck nutrients from the water around them by osmosis.[5] The fronds were composed of branched tubular structures and the organism was anchored to the ground by a bulbous structure.
In general the symmetry is bilateral, like a feather with one axis and two sides. It can also be trilateral, with one axis and three sides, as seen in the most basal ones, the erniettomorphs.[6][7]
Distribution[]
Ediacaran of Canada, Namibia and Russia.[2]
Phylogeny[]
| Animalia |
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See also[]
- Trilobozoa, another group of Edicaran animals who have trilateral symmetry, similar to basal petalonams.
- Vendobionta
- Eumetazoa
References[]
- ^ Zur Fauna der Nama-Schichten in Südwest-Afrika. vol. I, II. 1970.
|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ a b Paleobiology database
- ^ Seilacher, A. (2007), Trace Fossil Analysis. Springer, 226 p.
- ^ Ivantsov, AY & Vladimirovich, D 1997, A New Representative of Petalonamae from Upper Vendian of Arkhangelsk Region. Paleontological Journal 31(1)·
- ^ Osmotrophy in modular Ediacara organisms. 106. 2009. pp. 14438–14443. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904836106.
- ^ Hoyal Cuthill, Jennifer F.; Han, Jian (2018-08-07). "Cambrian petalonamid Stromatoveris phylogenetically links Ediacaran biota to later animals" (PDF). Palaeontology. 61 (6): 813–823. doi:10.1111/pala.12393. ISSN 0031-0239.
- ^ Buss, Leo W.; Seilacher, Adolf (1994). "The Phylum Vendobionta: a sister group of the Eumetazoa?". Paleobiology. 20 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1017/S0094837300011088. ISSN 0094-8373.
Notes[]
- Hoyal Cuthill, Jennifer F.; Han, Jian; Álvaro, Javier. Cambrian petalonamid Stromatoveris phylogenetically links Ediacaran biota to later animals. Palaeontology 2018 11.
- MARTINSSON, ANDERS. Keys to German palaeontological and stratigraphical terminology. Lethaia October 1978.
- BOOK REVIEW. Integrative Zoology 2008 12.
- Glaessner, M.F.; Walter, M.R.. New Precambrian fossils from the Arumbera Sandstone, Northern Territory, Australia. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 1975 01.
- Grazhdankin, Dmitriy. Patterns of Evolution of the Ediacaran Soft-Bodied Biota. Journal of Paleontology 2014 03.
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