Peter Wittgenstein
Peter Wittgenstein | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg | |||||
![]() Portrait by George Dawe | |||||
Born | 17 January [O.S. 6] 1769 Pereiaslav, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire | ||||
Died | 11 June 1843 Lemberg, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austrian Empire | (aged 74)||||
Spouse | Antonia Cäcilie Snarska
(m. 1798) | ||||
Issue |
| ||||
| |||||
House | Sayn-Wittgenstein | ||||
Father | Christian Louis Casimir, 2nd Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg | ||||
Mother | Countess Amalie Ludowika Finck von Finckenstein | ||||
Religion | Lutheranism | ||||
Military career | |||||
Allegiance | ![]() | ||||
Service/ | Cavalry | ||||
Years of service | 1789 – 1829 | ||||
Rank | General-Field Marshal | ||||
Battles/wars | Kościuszko Uprising Persian Expedition of 1796
Napoleonic wars
| ||||
Louis Adolf Peter, 1st Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg (German: Ludwig Adolf Peter Fürst[1] zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg; Russian: Пётр Христиа́нович Ви́тгенштейн, tr. Pëtr Christiánovič Vítgenštejn; 17 January [O.S. 6 January] 1769 – 11 June 1843), better known as Peter Wittgenstein in English, was a Prince of the German dynasty Sayn-Wittgenstein and Field Marshal in the Imperial Russian Army during the Napoleonic wars.
Early life[]
Born Ludwig Adolf Peter Graf zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg, he was descended from a family of ruling German Counts whose seat was in Berleburg (present day North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). His parents were Count Christian Louis Casimir of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg and his first wife Countess Amalie Ludowika Finck von Finckenstein.
Military career[]
Enrolled as a sergeant in the Semyonovsky Regiment of the Imperial Russian Army at the age of 12 in 1781, Wittgenstein began actual military service as a Wachtmeister in the Life Guard Horse Regiment in 1789. In 1793 he gained promotion to Major in the Ukrainian light cavalry regiment. He fought with the unit in the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794. Promoted to the rank of colonel in 1798, and to major general in 1799, in 1800 he took command of the Mariupolski Hussars Regiment.
In 1805 he fought at Austerlitz, in 1806 against the Turks, and in 1807 against Napoleon at Friedland and against the Swedes in Finland.
In the war of 1812 he commanded the right wing of the Russian Army in the First and Second battle of Polotsk. This fighting decided the fate of Saint Petersburg and earned Wittgenstein the title of "Saviour of Saint-Petersburg".[2] Emperor Alexander I of Russia awarded him the Order of St. George. He tried to combine with Pavel Chichagov at the Battle of Berezina (November 1812), and later combined with the Prussian army corps under Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg.
In the campaign of 1813 in January he took over the command of the Russian army after Kutuzov's death in April 1813, and commanded the Russian army at Lützen and Bautzen. But after the defeats of the Spring campaign, he laid down this command and led an army corps during the Battle of Dresden (August 1813) and the Battle of Leipzig (October 1813).
In the campaign of 1814 he led the 6th Corps under Schwarzenberg, and was severely wounded at Bar-sur-Aube (27 February 1814).[3]
In 1823 he was promoted Field Marshal, and in 1828 he was appointed to command the Russian army in the war against Turkey. But ill-health soon obliged him to retire. In 1834 King Frederick William III of Prussia granted him the title of Fürst (Prince) zu Sayn-Wittgenstein.[4]
Family[]
On 27 June 1798 he married Countess Antonia Cäcilie Snarska and had in this marriage 11 children. He died on 11 June 1843 in Lemberg, where he looked after estates of his son Ludwig.
References[]
- ^ Regarding personal names: Fürst is a title, translated as Prince, not a first or middle name. The feminine form is Fürstin.
- ^ Peter Khristianovich[permanent dead link] Napoleon.org
- ^ "People of Napoleonic Period".
- ^ public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Wittgenstein, Ludwig Adolf Peter, Count". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
External links[]
Media related to Wittgenstein Pyotr Christianowitsch at Wikimedia Commons
- 1769 births
- 1843 deaths
- People from Pereiaslav
- Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
- Russian people of the Napoleonic Wars
- Field marshals of Russia
- House of Sayn-Wittgenstein
- Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
- Russian people of the Kościuszko Uprising
- Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second Degree
- Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree
- French invasion of Russia