Phidippus
Phidippus | |
---|---|
Phidippus audax shows green chelicerae | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Araneae |
Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
Family: | Salticidae |
Subfamily: | Salticinae |
Genus: | Phidippus C. L. Koch, 1846[1] |
Type species | |
Attus audax | |
Species | |
Phidippus is a genus in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders).[1] Some of the largest jumping spiders inhabit this genus, and many species are characterized by their brilliant, iridescent green chelicerae. Phidippus is distributed almost exclusively in North America, with the exception of two exported species (Phidippus audax and Phidippus regius).[2] As of January 2021, there were about 80 described species in the genus.[1] Species previously described in Phidippus which are found in India and Bangladesh do not belong in this genus.[2]
Name[]
The genus name is likely derived from Cicero's speech Pro Rege Deiotaro (Speech in Behalf of King Deiotarus): Phidippus was a slave who was physician to King Deiotaros.[3] Literally, the word means "one who spares horses" in Ancient Greek.[4]
The name for the jumping spider family, Salticidae, also comes from the verb "to jump" in Latin.
Species[]
As of January 2021, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:[1]
- Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
- Phidippus adumbratus Gertsch, 1934 – United States
- Taczanowski, 1878 – Peru
- Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
- Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
- F. O. P-Cambridge, 1901 – Mexico
- Phidippus apacheanus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 – United States, Mexico, Cuba
- Phidippus ardens Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – United States, Mexico
- Phidippus arizonensis (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Mexico
- Phidippus asotus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 – United States, Mexico
- Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845) – North America, introduced in Hawaii, Nicobar Islands
- Edwards, 2004 – United States
- Tikader, 1977 – India
- Gajbe, 2004 – India
- Phidippus bidentatus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 – United States to Costa Rica
- Mello-Leitão, 1944 – Argentina
- Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
- Phidippus borealis Banks, 1895 – United States, Canada, Alaska
- Biswas, 1984 – India
- Phidippus californicus Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
- Phidippus cardinalis (Hentz, 1845) – United States, Mexico
- Phidippus carneus Peckham & Peckham, 1896 – United States, Mexico
- Phidippus carolinensis Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States, Mexico
- Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
- Phidippus clarus Keyserling, 1885 – North America
- Phidippus comatus Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
- Gertsch, 1934 – United States
- F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 – Mexico
- Phidippus cryptus Edwards, 2004 – United States, Canada
- Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
- Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
- Edwards, 2004 – United States
- Peckham & Peckham, 1896 – Mexico to El Salvador
- Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
- Mello-Leitão, 1948 – Guyana
- Phidippus insignarius C. L. Koch, 1846 – United States
- Phidippus johnsoni (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – North America
- Edwards, 2004 – United States
- Tikader, 1977 – India
- Edwards, 2004 – United States
- Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
- Biswas, 1999 – Bangladesh
- Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
- Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
- Phidippus mystaceus (Hentz, 1846) – United States
- Phidippus nikites Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 – United States, Mexico
- Phidippus octopunctatus (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Mexico
- Edwards, 2004 – United States
- Phidippus otiosus (Hentz, 1846) – United States
- Phidippus pacosauritus Edwards, 2020 – Mexico
- Phidippus phoenix Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
- Phidippus pius Scheffer, 1905 – United States to Costa Rica
- Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
- Phidippus princeps (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States, Canada
- Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States
- Tikader, 1974 – India
- Phidippus purpuratus Keyserling, 1885 – United States, Canada
- Phidippus putnami (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – United States
- Phidippus regius C. L. Koch, 1846 (United States, West Indies, Easter Island – introduced)
- Phidippus richmani Edwards, 2004 – United States
- (Kraus, 1955) – El Salvador
- Phidippus texanus Banks, 1906 – United States, Mexico
- Edwards, 2004 – United States
- Biswas & Biswas, 2006 – India
- Edwards, 1978 – United States, Mexico
- Phidippus tux Pinter, 1970 – United States, Mexico
- Phidippus tyrannus Edwards, 2004 – United States, Mexico
- Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – North America
- Edwards, 2004 – United States
- Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
- Edwards, 2004 – United States
- Phidippus whitmani Peckham & Peckham, 1909 – United States, Canada
- Phidippus workmani Peckham & Peckham, 1901 – United States
- Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.)
- Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina
- Phidippus zethus Edwards, 2004 – Mexico
Misplaced species[]
In addition to the species above, several species have been misplaced in the genus (according to Edward's revision) but have yet to be transferred to other genera.[2] These include:
- Taczanowski, 1878 – Peru
- Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
- Tikader, 1977 – India
- Gajbe, 2004 – India
- Mello-Leitão, 1944 – Argentina
- Biswas, 1984 – India
- Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
- Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana
- Mello-Leitão, 1948 – Guyana
- Tikader, 1977 – India
- Biswas, 1999 – Bangladesh
- Tikader, 1974 – India
- Kraus, 1955 – El Salvador
- Biswas & Biswas, 2006 – India
- Tikader, 1977 – Andaman Is.
- Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Gen. Phidippus C. L. Koch, 1846", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2021-02-03
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Edwards, G. B. (2004). pp. vii, 4–6.
- ^ Cicero (45 BCE). "Pro Rege Deiotaro".
- ^ Ubick et al. 2005
Bibliography[]
- Gardner, B.T. (1965): Observations on Three Species of Phidippus Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Psyche 72:133-147 PDF (P. californicus = P. coccineus, P. apacheanus, P. octopunctatus = P. opifex)
- Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P.E. and Roth, V. (editors) (2005): Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual. American Arachnological Society ISBN 0-9771439-0-2
- Edwards, G.B. (2004): Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods 11: i-viii, 1-156, 350 figs.
External links[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phidippus. |
Videos[]
- David Edwin Hill: Portrait of feeding female Phidippus audax – Video
- David Edwin Hill: Variable female forms of the jumping spider Phidippus clarus – Video
Pictures[]
- "Bold Jumping Spider" - Phidippus audax
- Awesome Spiders: Photographs of P. arizonensis
- Phidippus clarus diagnostic photographs, male and female specimens
- Phidippus mystaceus photographs, adult male specimen
- Phidippus princeps reference photographs
- Phidippus otiosus adult male specimen
- Catalog of genus Phidippus
- Pictures of Phidippus species
- Picture of Phidippus species (free for noncommercial use)
- Salticidae
- Spiders of North America
- Salticidae genera