Piaranthus

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Piaranthus
Piaranthus gem glob.jpg
in cultivation
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Asclepiadoideae
Tribe: Ceropegieae
Genus: Piaranthus
R.Br.

Piaranthus is a succulent plant genus in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae, in the family Apocynaceae.

It was first described in 1810. Its name is a Greek term which refers the fat, succulent flowers of the genus ("piar-" = fat, "-anthos" = flower).[1][2][3]

Description[]

, from the Tankwa Karoo

The plants typically form flat, spreading mats of multiple offsetting stems. The stems are small, compact and four-edged. Tubercles (leaf remnants) appear along the four sides.

The flowers are small, fleshy, and bear five independent petals in a star shape. They appear in clusters, each flower up-turned, on a tiny inflorescence that sprouts from the tip of the stem. Each stem usually only produces a maximum of one inflorescence. The flowers of different species are in a range of colours; most emit unpleasant odours, especially the darker red or brown coloured ones.

The compact, mat-forming stems are very similar to those of the related genus Duvalia, and the two are often confused when not in flower. However the stems of Piaranthus have four sides (in cross-section), while those of Duvalia often have more.

Distribution[]

The genus Piaranthus is restricted to the western part of Southern Africa. It occurs in arid, sandy areas, in the shade of bushes.

("comptus" = "adorned") from the Gamka Karoo.
Species
  1. (N.E.Br.) Bruyns - Botswana
  2. N.E.Br. - South Africa
  3. N.E.Br. - South Africa
  4. (N.E.Br.) Bruyns - Western Cape Province
  5. (Masson) N.E. Br. - South Africa
  6. N.E. Br. - South Africa
  7. (Thunb.) Schult. - Western Cape Province
  8. Pillans - Cape Province
  9. (Masson) N.E.Br. - South Africa
  10. A.C.White & B.Sloane - South Africa
  11. C.A.Lückh. - Cape Province
  12. C.A.Lückh. - Cape Province
  13. N.E.Br. - Cape Province
  14. (Aiton) Haw.
  15. (Masson) R. Br. ex Schult. - South Africa
  16. Nel - Pockenbank in Namibia
formerly included

species transferred to other genera (Caralluma, Hoodia, Huerniopsis, Quaqua, Stisseria)

  1. P. grivanus now
  2. P. gussoneanus now
  3. P. incarnatus now
  4. P. mammillaris now
  5. P. pilifer now
  6. P. rorifluus now
  7. P. serrulatus now
Taxonomy

Phylogenetic studies have shown the genus to be monophyletic, and to be very closely related to the genera Orbea and Stapelia. More distantly related are the genera Huernia and Tavaresia.[4]

References[]

  1. ^ Brown, Robert. 1810. On the Asclepiadeae 12.
  2. ^ Tropicos
  3. ^ Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
  4. ^ P. Bruyns, C. Klak, P. Hanacek: Evolution of the stapeliads (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) - repeated major radiation across Africa in an Old World group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2014. v. 77, no. 1, p. 251--263. ISSN 1055-7903.
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