Pipe Spring National Monument

Pipe Spring National Monument
Pipe Spring National Monument
IUCN category III (natural monument or feature)
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Location	Mohave County, Arizona, USA
Nearest city	Fredonia, AZ
Coordinates	36°51′43″N 112°44′14″W / 36.86194°N 112.73722°WCoordinates: 36°51′43″N 112°44′14″W / 36.86194°N 112.73722°W
Area	40 acres (16 ha)
Created	May 31, 1923
Visitors	25,179 (in 2018)
Governing body	National Park Service
Website	Pipe Spring National Monument

Winsor Castle

First telegraph office in Arizona, Pipe Spring NM

Pipe Spring National Monument is a United States National Monument located in the U.S. state of Arizona, rich with American Indian, early explorer, and Mormon pioneer history. Administered by the National Park Service, Pipe Spring was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966, and the boundaries of the Pipe Spring National Monument Historic District (a portion of the monument) were expanded in October 2000.^[3]

History[]

The water of Pipe Spring has made it possible for plants, animals, and people to live in this dry desert region. Ancestral Puebloans and Kaibab Paiute Indians gathered grass seeds, hunted animals, and raised crops near the springs for at least 1,000 years.

Antonio Armijo discovered the springs when he passed through the area in 1829, when he established by the Armijo Route of the Old Spanish Trail.

Pipe Spring was named by the 1858 Latter-day Saint missionary expedition to the Hopi mesas led by Jacob Hamblin. In the 1860s Mormon pioneers from St. George, Utah, led by James M. Whitmore brought cattle to the area, and a large cattle ranching operation was established. In 1866 the Apache, Navajo and Paiute tribes of the region joined the Utes for the Black Hawk War, and, after they raided Pipe Spring, a protective fort was constructed by 1872 over the main spring. The following year the fort and ranch was purchased by Brigham Young for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The LDS Bishop of nearby Grafton, Utah, Anson Perry Winsor, was hired to operate the ranch and maintain the fort, soon called Winsor Castle. This isolated outpost served as a way station for people traveling across the Arizona Strip, that part of Arizona separated from the rest of the state by the Grand Canyon. It also served as a refuge for polygamist wives during the 1880s and 1890s. The LDS Church lost ownership of the property through penalties involved in the federal Edmunds-Tucker Act of 1887.

Although their way of life was greatly impacted by Mormon settlement, the Paiute Indians continued to live in the area and by 1907 the Kaibab Paiute Indian Reservation was established, surrounding the privately owned Pipe Spring ranch. In 1923, the Pipe Spring ranch was purchased and set aside as a national monument to be a memorial to western pioneer life.

The site today[]

Today the Pipe Spring National Monument, Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians Visitor Center, and Museum explain the human history of the area over time. Daily tours of Winsor Castle, summer "living history" demonstrations, an orchard and garden, and a half-mile trail offer a glimpse of American Indian and pioneer life in the Old West. The Paiute tribe runs a small adjoining campground.

In popular culture[]

In 1969, the actress Lane Bradbury played a young Eliza Stewart Udall at Pipe Spring in the syndicated television series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Robert Taylor not long before Taylor's own death. In the episode "A Key for the Fort", Miss Stewart, an ancestor of the Udall family, sends the first telegraph message from Arizona Territory and works with her Aunt Cora (Ivalou Redd) to nurse an ill Ute chief, Black Wing (George Keymas), back to health. The episode also stars Gregg Palmer as Jacob. It was filmed at Pipe Spring.^[4]

References[]

^ "Listing of acreage as of December 31, 2011" (PDF). Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
^ "NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report". National Park Service. Retrieved 2019-06-15.
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
^ "A Key for the Fort on Death Valley Days". Internet Movie Data Base. March 26, 1969. Retrieved July 15, 2015.

External links[]

Pipe Spring National Monument travel guide from Wikivoyage
Pipe Spring National Monument - official site
Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. AZ-18, "Pipe Spring Fort, Moccasin, Mohave County, AZ", 11 photos, 15 measured drawings, 6 data pages
Pipe Spring National Monument: An Administrative History
Encounter on the High Desert Documentary produced by KUED

[area-1] "Listing of acreage as of December 31, 2011" (PDF). Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-05-14.

[visits-2] "NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report". National Park Service. Retrieved 2019-06-15.

[3] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.

[4] "A Key for the Fort on Death Valley Days". Internet Movie Data Base. March 26, 1969. Retrieved July 15, 2015.

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