Pitheciidae

Pitheciidae; Temporal range: Miocene to Present
	White-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia)
	Black-fronted titi (Callicebus nigrifrons)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Parvorder:	Platyrrhini
Family:	Pitheciidae; Mivart, 1865
Type genus
	Pithecia; Desmarest, 1804
Genera (extant)
	Pithecia; Chiropotes; Cacajao; Plecturocebus; Cheracebus; Callicebus;

The Pitheciidae (/pɪθɪˈsaɪ.ɪdiː/) are one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. Formerly, they were included in the family Atelidae. The family includes the titis, saki monkeys and uakaris. Most species are native to the Amazon region of Brazil, with some being found from Colombia in the north to Bolivia in the south.

Characteristics[]

Pithecids are small to medium-sized monkeys, ranging from 23 cm in head-body length for the smaller titis, to 44–49 cm for the uakaris. They have medium to long fur, in a wide range of colors, often with contrasting patches, especially on the face.

They are diurnal and arboreal animals, found in tropical forests from low-lying swamp to mountain slopes. They are predominantly herbivorous, eating mostly fruit and seeds, although some species will also eat a small number of insects. Sakis and uakaris have a diastema between the canine and premolar teeth, but the titis, which have unusually small canines for New World monkeys, do not.^[2] All species have the dental formula: 2.1.3.32.1.3.3

Females give birth to a single young after a gestation period of between four and six months, depending on species. The uakaris and bearded sakis are polygamous, living in groups of 8-30 individuals. Each group has multiple males, which establish a dominance hierarchy amongst themselves. The titis and Pithecia sakis, by contrast, are monogamous and live in much smaller family groups.^[2]

Classification[]

There are 54 currently recognized extant species of pithecid monkey, grouped into two subfamilies and six genera.^[1]^[3] Seven extinct genera known from the fossil record are placed in the subfamily Pitheciinae and extending the age of the family to the Miocene.^[4]

Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis and uakaris
- Subfamily Callicebinae, titis
  - Genus Plecturocebus
    - White-eared titi, Plecturocebus donacophilus
    - Rio Beni titi, Plecturocebus modestus
    - Rio Mayo titi, Plecturocebus oenanthe
    - Ollala brothers's titi, Plecturocebus olallae
    - White-coated titi, Plecturocebus pallescens
    - Baptista Lake titi, Plecturocebus baptista
    - Prince Bernhard's titi, Plecturocebus bernhardi
    - Brown titi, Plecturocebus brunneus
    - Ashy black titi, Plecturocebus cinerascens
    - , Plecturocebus urubambensis
    - Hoffmanns's titi, Plecturocebus hoffmannsi
    - Red-bellied titi, Plecturocebus moloch
    - Vieira's titi, Plecturocebus vieirai
    - Milton's titi, Plecturocebus miltoni
    - Chestnut-bellied titi, Plecturocebus caligatus
    - Coppery titi, Plecturocebus cupreus
    - Madidi titi, Plecturocebus aureipalatii
    - White-tailed titi, Plecturocebus discolor
    - Hershkovitz's titi, Plecturocebus dubius
    - Ornate titi, Plecturocebus ornatus
    - Stephen Nash's titi, Plecturocebus stephennashi
  - Genus Callicebus
    - Barbara Brown's titi, Callicebus barbarabrownae
    - Coimbra Filho's titi, Callicebus coimbrai
    - Coastal black-handed titi, Callicebus melanochir
    - Black-fronted titi, Callicebus nigrifrons
    - Atlantic titi, Callicebus personatus
  - Genus Cheracebus
    - Lucifer titi, Cheracebus lucifer
    - Black titi, Cheracebus lugens
    - Colombian black-handed titi, Cheracebus medemi
    - Rio Purus titi, Cheracebus purinus
    - Red-headed titi, Cheracebus regulus
    - Collared titi, Cheracebus torquatus
  - †Genus Xenothrix
    - †Jamaican monkey, Xenothrix mcgregori
  - †Genus Paralouatta, Cuban monkeys
    - †Paralouatta varonai
    - †Paralouatta marianae
  - †Genus Antillothrix
    - †Hispaniolan monkey, Antillothrix bernensis
- Subfamily Pitheciinae
  - Genus Cacajao, uakaris
    - Black-headed uakari, Cacajao melanocephalus
    - Bald uakari, Cacajao calvus
    - Aracá uakari, Cacajao ayresii*
    - Neblina uakari, Cacajao hosomi*
  - Genus †
    - †Carlocebus carmenensis
    - †Carlocebus intermedius
  - Genus †Cebupithecia
    - †Cebupithecia sarmientoi
  - Genus Chiropotes, bearded sakis
    - Black bearded saki, Chiropotes satanas
    - Red-backed bearded saki, Chiropotes chiropotes
    - Brown-backed bearded saki, Chiropotes israelita
    - Uta Hick's bearded saki, Chiropotes utahickae
    - White-nosed saki, Chiropotes albinasus
  - Genus †Homunculus
    - †Homunculus patagonicus
  - Genus †Nuciruptor
    - †Nuciruptor rubricae
  - Genus Pithecia, sakis
    - Equatorial saki, Pithecia aequatorialis (Hershkovitz, 1987)
    - White-footed saki or buffy saki , Pithecia albicans (Gray, 1860)
    - , Pithecia cazuzai sp. nov. 2014
    - Golden-faced saki, Pithecia chrysocephala (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1850)
    - , Pithecia hirsuta (Spix, 1823)
    - , Pithecia inusta (Spix, 1823)
    - Rio Tapajós saki or Gray's bald-faced saki, Pithecia irrorata (Gray, 1842)
    - , Pithecia isabela sp. nov. 2014
    - Monk saki, Pithecia monachus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812)
    - Miller's saki, Pithecia milleri (J. A. Allen, 1914)
    - , Pithecia mittermeieri sp. nov. 2014
    - Napo saki, Pithecia napensis (Lönnberg, 1938)
    - White-faced saki, Pithecia pithecia (Linnaeus 1766)
    - , Pithecia pissinattii sp. nov. 2014
    - , Pithecia rylandsi sp. nov. 2014
    - Vanzolini's bald-faced saki, Pithecia vanzolinii (Hershkovitz, 1987)
  - Genus †
    - †Proteropithecia neuquenensis
  - Genus †
    - †Soriacebus ameghinorum
    - †Soriacebus adrianae

*Newly described species.^[3]

†Extinct taxa.

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 141–148. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Macdonald, D., ed. (1984). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 358–361. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Boubli, J. P., M. N. F. Da Silva, M. V. Amado, T. Hrbek, F. B. Pontual, and I. P. Farias (2008). "A taxonomic reassessment of black uakari monkeys, Cacajao melanocephalus group, Humboldt (1811), with the description of two new species". International Journal of Primatology. 29: 723–749. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9248-7. S2CID 26561719.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ The Paleobiology Database Pitheciidae entry accessed on 6 April 2010

External links[]

New monkeys in Brazil

[msw3-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 141–148. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.

[EoM-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b Macdonald, D., ed. (1984). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 358–361. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.

[Boubli2008-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b Boubli, J. P., M. N. F. Da Silva, M. V. Amado, T. Hrbek, F. B. Pontual, and I. P. Farias (2008). "A taxonomic reassessment of black uakari monkeys, Cacajao melanocephalus group, Humboldt (1811), with the description of two new species". International Journal of Primatology. 29: 723–749. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9248-7. S2CID 26561719.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[TPBDB-4] The Paleobiology Database Pitheciidae entry accessed on 6 April 2010

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Pitheciidae^[1] Temporal range: Miocene to Present

White-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia)

Black-fronted titi (Callicebus nigrifrons)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Parvorder:	Platyrrhini
Family:	Pitheciidae Mivart, 1865
Type genus
Pithecia Desmarest, 1804
Genera (extant)
Pithecia Chiropotes Cacajao Plecturocebus Cheracebus Callicebus