Pitsunda Cathedral
St. Andrew the Apostle Cathedral | |
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Religion | |
Affiliation | de facto: Abkhazian Orthodox Church/ de jure: Georgian Orthodox Church[1] |
District | Gagra District |
Region | Caucasus |
Status | Active |
Location | |
Location | Pitsunda, Gagra district, ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() Shown within Georgia | |
Geographic coordinates | 43°09′36″N 40°20′20″E / 43.159889°N 40.339°ECoordinates: 43°09′36″N 40°20′20″E / 43.159889°N 40.339°E |
Architecture | |
Type | Triple-nave, domed cruciform plan |
Style | Georgian; Byzantine |
Funded by | King Bagrat III of Georgia |
Completed | End of 10th century |
Specifications | |
Length | 37 |
Width | 25 |
Height (max) | 29 |
Dome(s) | 1 |
Website | |
Pipe organ of Pitsunda |
The Cathedral of St. Andrew the Apostle, also known as the Pitsunda Cathedral or Bichvinta Cathedral (Georgian: ბიჭვინთის ტაძარი) is an Eastern Orthodox Cathedral located in Pitsunda, in the Gagra district of the de facto independent Republic of Abkhazia, internationally recognised as constituting a part of Georgia. The cathedral is currently used by the Abkhazian Orthodox Church and serves as that body's seat, although this usage is disputed by the Georgian Orthodox Church and is considered irregular by the Eastern Orthodox communion generally.
Pitsunda Cathedral was built at the end of the 10th century by King Bagrat III of Georgia. It served as the seat of the Georgian Orthodox Catholicate of Abkhazia until the late 16th century when Abkhazia came under the Ottoman hegemony. According to 17th century French traveller Jean Chardin, Catholicos, who no longer lived in Pitsunda, visited the cathedral once a year with the retinue of bishops and princes to perform the sanctification of chrism.[3] The cathedral was reconsecrated in 1869 when Abkhazia was already a part of Russian Empire.[3]
It is a cross-domed cathedral with three naves and three apses, shaped as a rectangle with extending semicircular apses. The cathedral is notable for its impressive size, reaching 29 m high (including the dome), 37 m long and 25 m wide; the walls are up to 1.5 m thick. The building rests on heavy slabs of grey sandstone; the walls are made up of alternating rows of stone and brickwork, a typical technique for late Byzantine architecture. The cathedral contains vestiges of wall-painting from the 13th and the 16th centuries. A 12th-century Georgian manuscript of the Four Gospels, found at the cathedral in 1830, is now preserved at the Georgian National Center of Manuscripts in Tbilisi.
Gallery[]
The Pitsunda Cathedral in 1847. Drawing by Grigory Gagarin
Cathedral window
Cathedral organ
References[]
- ^ See here: Orthodoxy in Abkhazia
- ^ Abkhazia is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Abkhazia and Georgia. The Republic of Abkhazia unilaterally declared independence on 23 July 1992, but Georgia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory and designates it as a territory occupied by Russia. Abkhazia has received formal recognition as an independent state from 7 out of 193 United Nations member states, 1 of which has subsequently withdrawn its recognition.
- ^ a b Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею (Acts of Caucasian Archeographic Commission), v. 5, pp. 1069-1070, cited by Экзеков, Мусса (2012). По обе стороны Большого Кавказа. Сборник документов (1-я половина XIX века). Том II. Питер. pp. 574–575. ISBN 9785459008906.
- "Pitsunda Cathedral". Tourist site of Abkhazia. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
External links[]
- Photos of the Pitsunda Cathedral
- Photos and background information (in Russian)
- Organ of Pitsunda. Official site(in Russian)
- Georgian Orthodox cathedrals in Georgia (country)
- Temples in Gagra Municipality
- 10th-century churches in Georgia (country)
- Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia
- Orthodox cathedrals in Abkhazia
- Europe Eastern Orthodox church stubs
- Georgia (country) building and structure stubs
- Abkhazia stubs