Ploceus

Ploceus
	Bocage's weaver (P. temporalis) and; Bertram's weaver (P. bertrandi) ♀
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Ploceidae
Genus:	Ploceus; Cuvier, 1816
Species
	see text
Synonyms
	Pachyphantes;

Ploceinae, 1st group

Black-breasted weaver
"true Ploceus"

Madagascar fody
(genus Foudia)

Red-billed quelea
(genus Quelea)

Southern red bishop
(genus Euplectes)

Ploceinae, 2nd group

Nelicourvi weaver
(genus Ploceus)
"reinstated Nelicurvius"

Cassin's malimbe
(genus Malimbus)
"extended Malimbus"

Red-headed weaver
(genus Anaplectes)
"extended Malimbus"

Southern masked weaver
(genus Ploceus)
"extended Malimbus"

Ploceus is a genus of birds in the weaver family, Ploceidae. They are native to the Indomalayan and Afrotropical realms.

Taxonomy and systematics[]

Phylogeny[]

The genus Ploceus was introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1816.^[1] The type species was subsequently designated as the baya weaver.^[2] The genus name is from Ancient Greek πλοκευς plokeus meaning "weaver", and is derived from the Greek word πλεκω plekō "to entwine".^[3]

Based on recent DNA-analysis, the genus Ploceus is almost certainly polyphyletic. If all species currently included in the genus would remain and the genus would be made monophyletic, it would have to encompass the entire subfamily Ploceinae. The Ploceinae can be divided into two groups. In the first group, the widowbirds and bishops (genus Euplectes) are sister to a clade in which the genera Foudia and Quelea are closest relatives and which further includes the Asiatic species of Ploceus, i.e. P. manyar, P. philippinus, P. benghalensis, P. megarhynchus, (and P. hypoxanthus, although untested). Since Georges Cuvier picked P. philippinus as the type species, these five species would logically remain assigned to the genus Ploceus.

Basic to the second group is a clade consisting of both species so far included in Ploceus that live on Madagascar, P. nelicourvi and P. sakalava, and these are morphologically very distinct from the remaining species. These two species could in future be assigned to the genus Nelicurvius that was erected by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1850, but which was merged with Ploceus later on. This second group further contains the genera Malimbus and Anaplectes, and all remaining Ploceus species. As Malimbus is the earlier name, erected by Vieillot et al. in 1805, the remaining species of Ploceus, as well as Anaplectes rubiceps, could in future be assigned to Malimbus.^[4] These changes are largely corroborated by morphological revisions.^[5]^[6] Provided that the other genera that have not been proposed to be merged into an extended "Malimbus" are monophyletic, the following (incomplete) tree expresses current insights.

subfamily Ploceinae

"true Ploceus"

P. megarhynchus

P. benghalensis

	P. manyar

	P. philippinus

	genus Foudia

	genus Quelea

genus Euplectes

"reinstated Nelicurvius"

	P. nelicourvi

	P. sakalava

"extended Malimbus"

	Malimbus malimbicus

	Malimbus nitens

	Malimbus cassini

	Malimbus racheliae

	Anaplectes rubiceps

	P. bicolor

	Malimbus rubricollis

	P. albinucha

	P. insignis

	P. olivaceiceps

P. xanthops

	P. velatus

	P. subaureus

P. nigricollis

P. ocularis

	P. pelzelni

	P. luteolus

	P. melanogaster

	P. alienus

P. vitellinus

P. rubiginosus

P. aurantius

	P. bertrandi

	P. baglafecht

	P. nigerrimus

	P. weynsi

P. cucullatus

	P. castaneiceps

	P. xanthopterus

P. heuglini

	P. taeniopterus

	P. melanocephalus

	P. castanops

Species list[]

Speke's weaver (Ploceus spekei, below) and village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus subsp. nigriceps)

The genus contains 64 species.^[7]

Common name	Scientific name	Distribution
Baglafecht weaver	Ploceus baglafecht	eastern and central Africa
Bannerman's weaver	Ploceus bannermani	Cameroon and Nigeria.
Bates's weaver	Ploceus batesi	Cameroon.
Black-chinned weaver	Ploceus nigrimentus	Bailundu Highlands of western Angola, on the Batéké Plateau in Republic of the Congo, and in eastern Gabon.
Bertram's weaver	Ploceus bertrandi	Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia.
Slender-billed weaver	Ploceus pelzelni	western Africa.
Loango weaver	Ploceus subpersonatus	Angola, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon.
Little weaver	Ploceus luteolus	western, central and eastern Africa.
Spectacled weaver	Ploceus ocularis	central, eastern and south-eastern Africa
Black-necked weaver	Ploceus nigricollis	tropical Africa from Senegal and northern Angola to South Sudan and Tanzania.
Strange weaver	Ploceus alienus	Albertine Rift montane forests.
Black-billed weaver	Ploceus melanogaster	central Africa.
Cape weaver	Ploceus capensis	southern Africa.
Bocage's weaver	Ploceus temporalis	Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia.
Eastern golden weaver	Ploceus subaureus	eastern and south-eastern Africa.
Holub's golden weaver	Ploceus xanthops	Gabon to Uganda and Kenya, south to northern Namibia, northern Botswana and eastern South Africa
Orange weaver	Ploceus aurantius	western and central Africa.
Heuglin's masked weaver	Ploceus heuglini	Senegal, Gambia and Mali to Ivory Coast and east to Uganda and western Kenya.
Golden palm weaver	Ploceus bojeri	eastern Africa.
Taveta weaver	Ploceus castaneiceps	African Savannah in Kenya and Tanzania.
Príncipe weaver	Ploceus princeps	São Tomé and Príncipe
Northern brown-throated weaver	Ploceus castanops	Uganda, Rwanda and adjacent northern Burundi, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania.
Southern brown-throated weaver	Ploceus xanthopterus	southern Africa.
Kilombero weaver	Ploceus burnieri	Tanzania.
Rüppell's weaver	Ploceus galbula	Sudan to Somalia and extreme northern Kenya.
Northern masked weaver	Ploceus taeniopterus	Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Sudan.
Lesser masked weaver	Ploceus intermedius	eastern, south-eastern and southern Africa.
Southern masked weaver	Ploceus velatus	southern Africa.
Katanga masked weaver	Ploceus katangae	south-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Zambia.
Lufira masked weaver	Ploceus ruweti	Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Tanzanian masked weaver	Ploceus reichardi	south-western Tanzania and north-eastern Zambia.
Vitelline masked weaver	Ploceus vitellinus	western, central and eastern Africa.
Speke's weaver	Ploceus spekei	northern and eastern Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, and north-eastern Tanzania
Fox's weaver	Ploceus spekeoides	Uganda.
Village weaver	Ploceus cucullatus	Sub-Saharan Africa; introduced to Hispaniola, Dominica, Mauritius and Réunion.
Giant weaver	Ploceus grandis	São Tomé Island.
Vieillot's black weaver	Ploceus nigerrimus	western and central Africa
Weyns's weaver	Ploceus weynsi	eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and north-western Tanzania.
Clarke's weaver	Ploceus golandi	Kenya.
Juba weaver	Ploceus dichrocephalus	Horn of Africa.
Black-headed weaver	Ploceus melanocephalus	West, Central, and East Africa
Golden-backed weaver	Ploceus jacksoni	Burundi, Kenya, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Cinnamon weaver	Ploceus badius	Sudan and South Sudan
Chestnut weaver	Ploceus rubiginosus	eastern and south-western Africa.
Golden-naped weaver	Ploceus aureonucha	northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Yellow-mantled weaver	Ploceus tricolor	African tropical rainforest.
Maxwell's black weaver	Ploceus albinucha	African tropical rainforest.
Nelicourvi weaver	Ploceus nelicourvi	Madagascar
Sakalava weaver	Ploceus sakalava	Madagascar.
Asian golden weaver	Ploceus hypoxanthus	Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Compact weaver	Ploceus superciliosus	Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia.
Black-breasted weaver	Ploceus benghalensis	South Asia
Streaked weaver	Ploceus manyar	Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
Baya weaver	Ploceus philippinus	Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Finn's weaver	Ploceus megarhynchus	India and Nepal
Dark-backed weaver	Ploceus bicolor	Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Preuss's weaver	Ploceus preussi	Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, DRC, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.
Yellow-capped weaver	Ploceus dorsomaculatus	Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon.
Olive-headed weaver	Ploceus olivaceiceps	Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia.
Usambara weaver	Ploceus nicolli	Tanzania.
Brown-capped weaver	Ploceus insignis	Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Bar-winged weaver	Ploceus angolensis	Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia.
São Tomé weaver	Ploceus sanctithomae	São Tomé and Príncipe.
Yellow-legged weaver	Ploceus flavipes	Democratic Republic of the Congo.

References[]

^ Cuvier, Georges (1816). Le Règne animal distribué d'après son organisation : pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparée (in French). Volume 1. Paris: Déterville. p. 383. |volume= has extra text (help)
^ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). Check-list of birds of the world. Volume 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 32. |volume= has extra text (help)
^ Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
^ De Silva, Thilina N.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Bates, John M.; Fernandoa, Sumudu W.; Girard, Matthew G. (2017). "Phylogenetic relationships of weaverbirds (Aves: Ploceidae): A first robust phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 109: 21–32. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.013. PMID 28012957.
^ Wolters, H.E. (1970). "On the generic classification of the weaver-birds of the Malimbus-Ploceus group" (PDF). Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society. 23: 369–391.
^ Del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D. (2010). Handbook of the Birds of the World. 15. Weavers to New World Warblers. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Old World sparrows, snowfinches, weavers". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 26 November 2018.

External links[]

Media related to Ploceus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Ploceus at Wikispecies

[1] Cuvier, Georges (1816). Le Règne animal distribué d'après son organisation : pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparée (in French). Volume 1. Paris: Déterville. p. 383. |volume= has extra text (help)

[2] Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). Check-list of birds of the world. Volume 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 32. |volume= has extra text (help)

[hbwkey-3] Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 5 May 2018.

[4] De Silva, Thilina N.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Bates, John M.; Fernandoa, Sumudu W.; Girard, Matthew G. (2017). "Phylogenetic relationships of weaverbirds (Aves: Ploceidae): A first robust phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 109: 21–32. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.013. PMID 28012957.

[5] Wolters, H.E. (1970). "On the generic classification of the weaver-birds of the Malimbus-Ploceus group" (PDF). Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society. 23: 369–391.

[6] Del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D. (2010). Handbook of the Birds of the World. 15. Weavers to New World Warblers. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.

[ioc-7] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Old World sparrows, snowfinches, weavers". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 26 November 2018.

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show v t Family: Ploceidae
Genus	Species
Bubalornis	White-billed buffalo weaver (B. albirostris) Red-billed buffalo weaver (B. niger)
Dinemellia	White-headed buffalo weaver (D. dinemelli)
Sporopipes	Speckle-fronted weaver (S. frontalis) Scaly-feathered weaver (S. squamifrons)
Plocepasser	White-browed sparrow-weaver (P. mahali) Chestnut-crowned sparrow-weaver (P. superciliosus) Chestnut-backed sparrow-weaver (P. rufoscapulatus) Donaldson Smith's sparrow-weaver (P. donaldsoni)
Histurgops	Rufous-tailed weaver (H. ruficauda)
Pseudonigrita	Grey-capped social weaver (P. arnaudi) Black-capped social weaver (P. cabanisi)
Philetairus	Sociable weaver (P. socius)
Ploceus	Compact weaver (P. superciliosus) Black-chinned weaver (P. nigrimentus) Baglafecht weaver (P. baglafecht) Bertram's weaver (P. bertrandi) Slender-billed weaver (P. pelzelni) Loango weaver (P. subpersonatus) Little weaver (P. luteolus) Lesser masked weaver (P. intermedius) Spectacled weaver (P. ocularis) Bannerman's weaver (P. bannermani) Bates's weaver (P. batesi) Black-necked weaver (P. nigricollis) Black-billed weaver (P. melanogaster) Strange weaver (P. alienus) Bocage's weaver (P. temporalis) Cape weaver (P. capensis) Eastern golden weaver (P. subaureus) Holub's golden weaver (P. xanthops) Príncipe weaver (Ploceus princeps) Orange weaver (P. aurantius) Golden palm weaver (P. bojeri) Taveta weaver (P. castaneiceps) Southern brown-throated weaver (P. xanthopterus) Northern brown-throated weaver (P. castanops) Kilombero weaver (P. burnieri) Rüppell's weaver or Rueppell's weaver (P. galbula) Heuglin's masked weaver (P. heuglini) Northern masked weaver (P. taeniopterus) Vitelline masked weaver (P. vitellinus) Southern masked weaver (P. velatus) Katanga masked weaver (P. katangae) Lufira masked weaver (P. ruweti) Tanzanian masked weaver (P. reichardi) Village weaver (P. cucullatus) Giant weaver (P. grandis) Speke's weaver (P. spekei) Fox's weaver (P. spekeoides) Vieillot's black weaver (P. nigerrimus) Weyns's weaver (P. weynsi) Clarke's weaver (P. golandi) Black-headed weaver (P. melanocephalus) Juba weaver (P. dichrocephalus) Golden-backed weaver (P. jacksoni) Cinnamon weaver (P. badius) Chestnut weaver (P. rubiginosus) Golden-naped weaver (P. aureonucha) Yellow-mantled weaver (P. tricolor) Maxwell's black weaver (P. albinucha) Nelicourvi weaver (P. nelicourvi) Sakalava weaver (P. sakalava) Streaked weaver (P. manyar) Baya weaver (P. philippinus) Asian golden weaver (P. hypoxanthus) Finn's weaver (P. megarhynchus) Black-breasted weaver (P. benghalensis) Dark-backed weaver (P. bicolor) Preuss's weaver (P. preussi) Yellow-capped weaver (P. dorsomaculatus) Usambara weaver (P. nicolli) Olive-headed weaver (P. olivaceiceps) Brown-capped weaver (P. insignis) Bar-winged weaver (P. angolensis) São Tomé weaver (P. sanctithomae) Yellow-legged weaver (P. flavipes)
Pachyphantes	Compact weaver (P. superciliosus)
Malimbus	Red-crowned malimbe (M. coronatus) Cassin's malimbe (M. cassini) Gola malimbe (M. ballmanni) Rachel's malimbe (M. racheliae) Red-vented malimbe (M. scutatus) Ibadan malimbe (M. ibadanensis) Red-bellied malimbe (M. erythrogaster) Blue-billed malimbe (M. nitens) Crested malimbe (M. malimbicus) Red-headed malimbe (M. rubricollis)
Anaplectes	Red-headed weaver (A. rubriceps)
Brachycope	Bob-tailed weaver (B. anomala)
Quelea	Cardinal quelea (Q. cardinalis) Red-headed quelea (Q. erythrops) Red-billed quelea (Q. quelea)
Foudia	Red fody (F. madagascariensis) Comoros fody (F. eminentissima) Aldabra fody, (F. aldabrana) Forest fody (F. omissa) Mauritius fody (F. rubra) Seychelles fody (F. sechellarum) Rodrigues fody (F. flavicans)
Euplectes	Yellow-crowned bishop (E. afer) Fire-fronted bishop (E. diadematus) Black bishop (E. gierowii) Black-winged red bishop (E. hordeaceus) Northern red bishop or orange bishop (E. franciscanus) Southern red bishop or red bishop (E. orix) Zanzibar red bishop (E. nigroventris) Golden-backed bishop (E. aureus) Yellow bishop (E. capensis) Fan-tailed widowbird (E. axillaris) Yellow-mantled widowbird (E. macroura) White-winged widowbird (E. albonotatus) Red-collared widowbird (E. ardens) Marsh widowbird (E. hartlaubi) Montane widowbird (E. psammacromius) Long-tailed widowbird (E. progne) Jackson's widowbird (E. jacksoni)
Amblyospiza	Thick-billed weaver (A. albifrons)

Ploceus

Bocage's weaver (P. temporalis) and Bertram's weaver (P. bertrandi) ♀
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Ploceidae
Genus:	Ploceus Cuvier, 1816
Species
see text
Synonyms
Pachyphantes