Pretenders to the throne of Mexico

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The First Mexican Empire, established in 1821, with Agustín de Iturbide proclaimed as Emperor in 1822, was abolished in 1823.[1]

In 1863, the Second Mexican Empire was established after a plebiscite that confirmed the latest proclamation of the empire. Archduke Maximilian of Austria consented to accept the Imperial Crown of Mexico in October 1863[2] and officially on 10 April 1864 under the regnal name of Maximilian I of Mexico.[3] Maximilian and his wife Carlota, having no issue of their own, adopted two of Agustín de Iturbide's grandsons, Agustín de Iturbide y Green and Salvador de Iturbide y de Marzán, who were granted each the (non-hereditary[4]) title Prince de Iturbide with the style of Highness by an imperial decree of 16 September 1865, and were ranked next in line after the reigning family.[4] However, Maximilian never intended to give the crown to the Iturbides[5] (like Napoléon I did with his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais) and it was all a charade directed at his brother Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria, as Maximilian explained himself that "either Karl Ludwig would give him one of his sons as an heir, or else he would bequeath everything to his Iturbide adopted children" as a last resort.[5]

Upon the abolition of the Second Mexican Empire and the execution of Emperor Maximilian I in 1867, pretense to the Mexican Crown passed to and was self-assumed[citation needed] by the said adopted heirs.

The current pretender to the Mexican throne, in right of both the First and Second Empires, is Count Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide, great-grandson of Salvador de Iturbide y de Marzán.[6][7]

List of claimants to the Mexican throne[]

Claimant Portrait Birth Marriages Death Claim
Agustín I
1823–1824
(Constitutional Emperor of Mexico 1822–1823) 		Iturbide Emperador by Josephus Arias Huerta.jpg 27 September 1783, Valladolid
son of José Joaquín de Iturbide
and María Josefa de Arámburu 		Ana María Huarte
27 February 1805
10 children 		19 July 1824
Padilla
aged 40 		Proclaimed Constitutional Emperor of Mexico on May 19, 1822 [1][unreliable source][6]
Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte
(Agustín II)
1824–1864 		Agustín Jeronimo de Iturbide y Huarte.jpg 30 September 1807, Valladolid
son of Agustín I
and Ana María Huarte 		Unmarried 11 December 1866
New York
aged 59 		Son of Agustín I, Voluntarily surrendered claim in favor of Maximiliano I [6]
Maximiliano I
(Emperor of Mexico 1864–1867) 		X-Large Portrait of Maximiliano.jpg 6 July 1832, Vienna
son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria
and Princess Sophie of Bavaria 		Charlotte of Belgium
27 July 1857
No children 		19 June 1867
Querétaro City
aged 34 		Proclaimed Emperor of Mexico on June 10, 1864[citation needed]
Agustín de Iturbide y Green
(Agustín III)
1867–1925 		Agustin de Iturbide y Green 1884.jpg 2 April 1863, Mexico City
son of Ángel de Iturbide y Huarte
and Alice Green Forrest 		 • Lucy Eleanor Jackson
1894
No children
 • Mary Louise Kearney
1915
No children 		3 March 1925
Washington, D.C.
aged 61 		Grandson of Agustín I, Adopted Son of Maximiliano I [6]
María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide
(María I)
1925–1949 		María Josefa Sofía de Iturbide y Mikos.jpg 29 February 1872, Mikosdpuszta
daughter of Salvador de Iturbide y Marzán
and Baroness Gizella Mikos 		 • Baron Johann Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt
12 March 1908
2 daughters
 • Charles de Carriere
14 April 1923
No children 		November 1949
Deva
aged 77 		Great Granddaughter of Agustín I, Adopted Granddaughter of Maximiliano I [6]
María Ana Tunkl-Iturbide
(María II)
1949–1962 		4 August 1909
Temesvár
daughter of María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide
and Johann Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt 		No children 1962
aged 52 or 53 		Daughter of María I [6]
María Gisela Tunkl-Iturbide
(María III)
1962–1981 		2 October 1912
Temesvár
daughter of María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide
and Johann Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt 		 • Gustav Adolf von Götzen
8 June 1940
2 children
 • Ottavio Stefano della Porta
15 August 1959
No children 		27 January 1981
Sydney
aged 68 		Daughter of María I, Sister of María II [6]
Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide
(Maximiliano II)
1981–present 		2 March 1944
Beszterce
son of María Gisela Tunkl-Iturbide
and Gustav Adolf von Götzen 		Maria Anna de Francecshi
22 September 1990
2 children 		Son of María III [6][7]


See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Primer Imperio Mexicano". La Guía. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  2. ^ Leigh, Phil (4 October 2013). "Maximilian in Mexico".
  3. ^ McAllen, M.M. (April 2015). A Lurid Grandeur. Maximilian & Carlota of Mexico. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-59534-263-8.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Decreto Imperial del 16 de Septiembre de 1865  (in Spanish) – via Wikisource.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b José Manuel Villalpando, Alejandro Rosas (2011), Presidentes de México, Grupo Planeta Spain, pp. are not numbered, ISBN 9786070707582
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "The Genealogy of the House of Iturbide". Imperial House of Mexico. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b "Don Maximiliano". Imperial House of Mexico. Retrieved 21 June 2019.

External links[]

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