procmail
| Original author(s) | Stephen R. van den Berg |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Philip A. Guenther |
| Initial release | December 7, 1990 |
| Final release | 3.22
/ September 10, 2001 |
| Repository | |
| Operating system | Any Unix-like |
| Platform | Cross-platform |
| Type | Mail filter |
| License | GPL or Artistic License |
| Website | www |
In email systems, procmail, a mail delivery agent (MDA), can sort incoming mail into various directories and filter out spam messages.[1][2] Procmail is stable, but no longer maintained, and a number of security vulnerabilities have been discovered since its last release.[3] Users are advised by procmail's last maintainer, Philip Guenther,[4] to use an alternative tool, because procmail is not suited for MIME traffic.
Replacements[]
Procmail was an early example of a mail filtering tool and language. Procmail is no longer maintained,[4] and is known to have multiple security vulnerabilities.[5] Despite this it still remains in wide use as the security issues are not widely known,[citation needed] migration can be difficult, especially for those who have complex filters developed over years, and some see its capabilities as better than available alternatives.
- fdm (fetch, filter and deliver mail) is an ISC licensed replacement for fetchmail and procmail, written and maintained by an OpenBSD/tmux developer, originally written/released in 2006/2007
- dovecot-pigeonhole from Dovecot, an implementation of the Sieve language
- maildrop, included as part of Courier Mail Server, but available for use with other servers, too
- Sieve mail filtering language
Invocation[]
The procmail mail delivery agent is generally not started from the command line, but is usually invoked by mail delivery subsystems, such as a mail transport agent (like Sendmail or Postfix), or from a mail retrieval agent (such as fetchmail). This makes the mail processing event-driven. The companion tool formail allows procmail to be used in batch-processing on mail that already is in a user's mailbox.
Paradigm[]
Procmail is a data-driven programming language, similar to earlier line-oriented languages such as sed and AWK: it specifies conditions to match and actions to take on matching, in the form of "recipes". This approach has been followed by later languages such as maildrop and sieve.
Recipes[]
The procmail agent uses recipes to determine where to deliver the various mail messages.
Elements of a recipe[]
Each recipe that procmail uses consists of:
- mode
- conditions
- action
Recipes can be conditional or unconditional[]
Recipes used by procmail can be conditional or unconditional. If the conditions are left out, the recipe is unconditional.
Types of recipes[]
Procmail has two kinds of recipes:
- Delivering recipes
- Non-delivering recipes
Processing of recipes[]
Recipes are read from top to bottom. The first delivering recipe terminates the delivery process (unless the mode flag specifies otherwise).
Conditions[]
Conditions are usually extended regular expressions, although there are other forms of condition also.
Basic operation[]
The procmail tool reads mail messages given to it from standard input. The procmail tool will process the recipes before distributing the mail messages into the appropriate mailboxes.
Pitfalls[]
By default, procmail will "bounce" undeliverable mail back to the sender. New users should be warned not to test new delivery recipes by running procmail on their existing mailboxes, since this could result in error messages being sent to all one's email contacts.
Other operations[]
Other common operations carried out with procmail include filtering and sorting of emails into different folders according to keywords in from, to, subject, text of the mail, or sending autoreplies, but more sophisticated operations are also possible.
Spam filtering[]
A common practice is to let procmail call an external spam filter program, such as SpamAssassin. This method can allow for spam to be filtered or even deleted.
Managing mailing lists[]
The procmail developers have built a mailing list manager called SmartList on top of procmail.
Further reading[]
- McCarthy, Martin (November 2001). The Procmail Companion. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0201737905.
See also[]
- fdm (fetch, filter and deliver mail) — an ISC licensed replacement from an OpenBSD/tmux developer
- maildrop — included as part of Courier Mail Server, but available for use with other servers, too
- Sieve mail filtering language
External links[]
References[]
- ^ Wells, Nicholas; Jang, Michael (3 October 2018). Guide to Linux Installation and Administration. Cengage Learning EMEA. ISBN 9780619000974 – via Google Books.
- ^ Levine, John (24 March 2004). qmail: Managing Unix-Based Mail Systems. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". ISBN 9780596552121 – via Google Books.
- ^ Willis, Nathan (24 November 2010). "Reports of procmail's death are not terribly exaggerated". Linux Weekly News. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Gunther, Philip (2014-11-18). "please remove the procmail port". ports@ (Mailing list). OpenBSD. Retrieved 2019-02-25.
- ^ "CVEdetails: Procmail Vulnerabilities". CVEdetails.com. 2018-02-03. Retrieved 2020-05-02.
- Mail delivery agents
- Cross-platform software