Productida

Productida; Temporal range: Silurian–Early Triassic PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Productid brachiopod ventral valve interior; Roadian, Guadalupian (Middle Permian); Glass Mountains, Texas.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Brachiopoda
Class:	†Strophomenata
Order:	†Productida; Sarytcheva & Sokolskaya, 1959
Suborders
	†Chonetidina; †Lyttoniidina; †Productidina; †Strophalosiidina;

Productida is an extinct order of brachiopods in the extinct class Strophomenata. Members of Productida first appeared during the Silurian.^[1] They represented the most abundant group of brachiopods during the Permian period, accounting for 45-70% of all species. The vast majority of species went extinct during the Permian-Triassic extinction event, though a handful survived into the Early Triassic.^[2] Many productids are covered in hollow tubular spines, which are characteristic of the group. A number of functions for the spines have been proposed, including as a defensive mechanism against predators.^[3]

Taxonomy[]

Following the Treatise^[4]

Suborder Chonetidina
- Superfamily
  - Family
  - Family
  - Family
  - Family
  - Family
  - Family Rugosochonetidae
  - Family
Suborder Productidina
- Superfamily
  - Family
  - Family
- Superfamily
  - Family
  - Family
- Superfamily
  - Family
  - Family
Suborder Strophalosiidina
- Superfamily
  - Family
  - Family
  - Family
- Superfamily
  - Family
  - Family
  - Family
- Superfamily
  - Family
  - Family
  - Family
  - Family
Suborder Lyttoniidina
- Superfamily
  - Family
  - Family
- Superfamily
  - Family

References[]

^ Clarkson, E. N. K. (2013-07-23). Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-68516-7.
^ Zhang, Yang; He, WeiHong (November 2008). "Evolutionary patterns of Productida (Brachiopoda) morphology during the Permian in South China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 51 (11): 1589–1600. doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0131-3. ISSN 1006-9313. S2CID 129786860.
^ Johnsen, Simen Alexander Linge; Ahmed, Madeeha; Leighton, Lindsey R. (April 2013). "The effect of spines of a Devonian productide brachiopod on durophagous predation". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 375: 30–37. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.02.009.
^ Williams, Alwyn; Carlson, S.J.; Brunton, C.H.C.; Holmer, L.E.; Popov, L.E.; Mergl, M.; Laurie, J.R.; Bassett, M.G.; Cocks, L.R.M.; Rong, J.-Y.; et al. (2000). Paul Selden (ed.). "Part H, Brachiopoda. Linguliformea, Craniiformea, and Rhynchonelliformea". Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America.

External links[]

Data related to Productida at Wikispecies
Media related to Productida at Wikimedia Commons
Productida at fossilworks.org

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[1] Clarkson, E. N. K. (2013-07-23). Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-68516-7.

[2] Zhang, Yang; He, WeiHong (November 2008). "Evolutionary patterns of Productida (Brachiopoda) morphology during the Permian in South China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 51 (11): 1589–1600. doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0131-3. ISSN 1006-9313. S2CID 129786860.

[3] Johnsen, Simen Alexander Linge; Ahmed, Madeeha; Leighton, Lindsey R. (April 2013). "The effect of spines of a Devonian productide brachiopod on durophagous predation". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 375: 30–37. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.02.009.

[4] Williams, Alwyn; Carlson, S.J.; Brunton, C.H.C.; Holmer, L.E.; Popov, L.E.; Mergl, M.; Laurie, J.R.; Bassett, M.G.; Cocks, L.R.M.; Rong, J.-Y.; et al. (2000). Paul Selden (ed.). "Part H, Brachiopoda. Linguliformea, Craniiformea, and Rhynchonelliformea". Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America.

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