Ptomacanthus

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Ptomacanthus
Temporal range: 419–410 Ma Early Devonian (Lochkovian)
Ptomacanthus.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Acanthodii
Order:
Climatiiformes
Genus:
Ptomacanthus
Species
  • †P. anglicus
  • †P. spp. indet.

Ptomacanthus (meaning thorny corpse) is an extinct genus of spiny shark,[1] an early relative of living cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras).[2]

Location found[]

Ptomacanthus is known mainly from the Old Red Sandstone of the UK.[1] The most completely known genus, P. anglicus is known from several articulated fossils from Wayne Herbert Quarry, Herefordshire, UK.[1] Two indeterminate species are known from shoulder-girdles recovered from Castle Mattock Quarry, Herefordshire, UK, and Zaleszychi, Ukraine.[1]

Description[]

The only species known in any detail, P. anglicus was a fish about 25 cm long.[3] Like other acanthodians it had small, shark like scales, and a suite of fin-spines in front of its dorsal, pectoral, and pelvic fins.[1]

Paleobiology[]

P. anglicus is important to our understanding of early vertebrate evolution as it preserves part of the braincase, a scientifically informative part of the skeleton.[2] Because of the cartilaginous makeup of the acanthodian internal skeleton, it is very rarely preserved, and the braincase of Ptomacanthus is only the second acanthodian braincase known to science (the first being that of Acanthodes).[4] The description of this braincase reignited debate over the relationships of acanthodians as well as those of early vertebrates more generally.[2][4]

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b c d e Miles, R.S. (1973). "Articulated acanthodian fishes from the Old Red Sandstone of England, with a review of the structure and evolution of the acanthodian shoulder-girdle". Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Geol.: 111–213.
  2. ^ a b c Brazeau, M.D. (2009). "The braincase and jaws of a Devonian 'acanthodian' and modern gnathostome origins" (PDF). Nature. 457 (7227): 111–213. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..305B. doi:10.1038/nature07436. hdl:10044/1/17971. PMID 19148098. S2CID 4321057.
  3. ^ Brazeau, M.D. (2012). "A revision of the anatomy of the Early Devonian jawed vertebrate Ptomacanthus anglicus Miles". Palaeontology. 55 (2): 355–367. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01130.x.
  4. ^ a b Davis, S; Finarelli, J; Coates, M (2012). "Acanthodes and shark-like conditions in the last common ancestor of modern gnathostomes". Nature. 486 (7402): 247–250. Bibcode:2012Natur.486..247D. doi:10.1038/nature11080. PMID 22699617. S2CID 4304310.

External links[]

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