Pumiliotoxin
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Pumiliotoxin_AB.svg/220px-Pumiliotoxin_AB.svg.png)
Pumiliotoxin B: R = –OH
Pumiliotoxins (PTXs), are one of several toxins found in the skin of poison dart frogs. Closely related, though more toxic, are allopumiliotoxins, (aPTXs). Other toxins found in the skin of poison frogs include (DHQs), , , and spiropyrrolizidine alkaloids. Pumiliotoxins are very poisonous in high concentrations. Pumiliotoxins are much weaker than batrachotoxins, ranging between 100 and 1000 times less poisonous. There are three different types of this toxin: A, B and C, of which toxins A and B are more toxic than C. Pumiliotoxins interfere with muscle contraction by affecting calcium channels, causing partial paralysis, difficulty moving, hyperactivity,[1] or death. The median lethal dose of pumiliotoxins A and B is 50 µg / mouse, 20 µg / mouse respectively, while the amount of pumiliotoxin is 200 µg / frog.[2]
See also[]
- Allopumiliotoxin
- Histrionicotoxin
References[]
- ^ Daly, JW; Garraffo, HM; Spande, TF; et al. (September 2003). "Evidence for an enantioselective pumiliotoxin 7-hydroxylase in dendrobatid poison frogs of the genus Dendrobates". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (19): 11092–7. Bibcode:2003PNAS..10011092D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1834430100. PMC 196932. PMID 12960405.
- ^ http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/4967/PHD001pdf.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
External links[]
- Alkaloids
- Neurotoxins
- Neurotoxin stubs
- Poison dart frog stubs