Pycnodontiformes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pycnodontiformes
Temporal range: Late Triassic–Eocene
Gyrodus hexagonus 2.jpg
Gyrodus hexagonus
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii
Order: †Pycnodontiformes
Berg, 1937
Families
(see text)

Pycnodontiformes is an extinct order of bony fish. The group evolved during the Late Triassic and disappeared during the Eocene. The group has been found in rock formations in Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America.[1]

The pycnodontiforms were small to middle-sized fish, with laterally-compressed body and almost circular outline.[2]

Pycnodontiform fishes lived mostly in shallow-water seas. They had special jaws with round and flattened teeth,[3] well adapted to crush food items.[2] One study links the dentine tubules in pycnodont teeth to comparable structures in the dermal denticles of early Paleozoic fish.[4] Some species lived in rivers and possibly fed on molluscs and crustaceans.[5]

Taxonomy[]

  • Order Pycnodontiformes (Berg, 1937)[6][7]
    • Genus ? Taverne & Capasso, 2015
    • Genus ? Sanchez & Benedetto, 1980
    • Genus ?Athrodon le Sauvage 1880 non Osborn, 1887
    • Genus ?Callodus Thurmond, 1974
    • Genus ? le Sauvage, 1879 [ Costa, 1851 non Agassiz, 1828 ex Spix & Agassiz, 1829 non McCoy, 1848]
    • Genus ? Cornuel, 1877
    • Genus ?Grypodon Hay, 1899 [Ancistrodon Dames, 1883 non De Beauvois, 1799 non Roemer, 1852 non Wagler, 1830]
    • Genus ? Koerber, 2012 [ Figueiredo & Silva-Santos, 1991 non Travassos, 1946 non Whitley, 1953]
    • Genus ?Piranhamesodon Kölbl-Ebert et al., 2018
    • Genus ? Taverne, 2003
    • Genus ? Capasso, 2000
    • Genus ? Thurmond, 1974 non [Paramicrodon Thurmond, 1974 non de Meijere, 1913]
    • Genus ? le Sauvage, 1879
    • Genus ? Swinnerton, 1925
    • Family ? Thurmond & Jones, 1981
      • Genus Leidy, 1858 [ Applegate, 1970]
    • Family ?Gebrayelichthyidae Nursall & Capasso, 2004
      • Genus Nursall & Capasso, 2004
      • Genus Taverne & Capasso, 2014
    • Family ? Taverne & Capasso, 2013
      • Genus Frickhinger, 1991
      • Genus Eomesodon Woodward, 1918
      • Genus Taverne & Capasso, 2013
      • Genus Taverne & Capasso, 2014
    • Genus Micropycnodon Hibbard & Graffham, 1945 [ Hibbard & Graffham, 1941 non Hay, 1916]
      • Genus Taverne & Capasso, 2013
      • Genus Taverne & Capasso, 2014
      • Genus Taverne, 1981
      • Genus Taverne & Capasso, 2013
      • Genus Hay, 1903
    • Family Nursall, 1996
    • Family Berg, 1940
    • Family Tintori, 1981 [Brembodidae; Gibbodontidae Tintori, 1981]
    • Family Coccodontidae Berg, 1940 [Trewavasiidae Nursall, 1996]
    • Family Pycnodontidae Agassiz, 1833 corrig. Bonaparte, 1845 [Nursalliidae Bloy, 1987; Sphaerodontidae Giebel, 1846; Palaeobalistidae Blot, 1987; Proscinetidae Gistel, 1848; Gyronchidae]
      • Genus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002
      • Genus Costa, 1856
      • Genus Forir, 1887
      • Genus Acrotemnus Agassiz 1836,
      • Genus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2005
      • Genus Coelodus Heckel, 1854
      • Genus Cawley & Kriwet, 2019
      • Genus Macropycnodon Shimada, Williamson & Sealey, 2010
      • Genus Blake 1905 non Lehman, 1966 [Mesodon Wagner, 1851 non Rafinesque, 1821; Gyronchus Agassiz, 1839; Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002]
      • Genus De Figueiredo & Silva Santos, 1990
      • Genus Nursallia Blot, 1987
      • Genus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002
      • Genus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002
      • Genus Palaeobalistum Taverne et al., 2015
      • Genus Taverne et al., 2015
      • Genus Dixon, 1850
      • Genus Polazzodus Poyoto-Ariza, 2010
      • Genus Polygyrodus White, 1927
      • Genus Machado & Brito, 2006
      • Genus Proscinetes Gistl, 1848 [Microdon Agassiz, 1833 non Meigen, 1803 non Fritsch, 1876 non Conrad, 1842 non Gistl, 1848 non Dixon, 1850; Hay, 1899]
      • Genus Hay 1916 non Hibbard & Graffham, 1941
      • Genus Pycnodus Agassiz, 1833
      • Genus Taverne & Capasso, 2013
      • Genus Sphaerodus Agassiz, 1833
      • Genus Stinton & Torrens, 1967
      • Genus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2000
      • Genus Hay, 1899 [Stemmatodus St. John & Worthen, 1875 non Heckel, 1854 non]
      • Genus Stemmatodus Heckel, 1854 non St. John & Worthen, 1875 non
      • Genus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2013
      • Genus Wenz, 1989
      • Genus Applegate, 1992
      • Genus Tibetodus Young & Liu, 1954
      • Genus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2004 [ Lehman, 1966 non Blake, 1905]
      • Genus Quenstedt, 1858
      • Genus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002
    • Family incertae sedis

References[]

  1. ^ "Pycnodontiformes". Palaeos vertebrates. Archived from the original on 25 October 2008. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
  2. ^ a b "Pycnodontid fishes from the Kansas Cretaceous". Oceans of Kansas. 16 April 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  3. ^ McMenamin, M. A. S. (2009). Paleotorus: The Laws of Morphogenetic Evolution. Meanma Press. ISBN 978-1-893882-18-8.
  4. ^ Lepelstat, A. L.; McMenamin, M. A. S.; Bouse, L. A.; Fleury, D.; Marchand, G. J. (2010). "Dentine canals in Cambro-Ordovician ostracoderms and Cretaceous-Eocene pycnodont fish". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. 42 (5): 94. Archived from the original on 2016-03-09. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
  5. ^ "Mosasaurs terrorized Cretaceous rivers". Planet Earth online. 29 July 2009. Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  6. ^ Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118342336.
  7. ^ van der Laan, Richard (2016). "Family-group names of fossil fishes". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ a b L. Taverne; L. Capasso (2014). "Ostéologie et phylogénie des Coccodontidae, une famille remarquable de poissons Pycnodontiformes du Crétacé supérieur marin du Liban, avec la description de deux nouveaux genres". Palaeontos. 25. Archived from the original on 2017-07-05. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
  9. ^ Cooper, S.L.A. and Martill, D.M. (2020). "A diverse assemblage of pycnodont fishes (Actinopterygii: Pycnodontiformes) from the mid-Cretaceous, continental Kem Kem Group of Sout-east Morocco", Cretaceous Research 112, 104456
  10. ^ Cooper, S.L.A. and Martill, D.M. (2020). "Pycnodont fishes (Actinopterygii: Pycnodontiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous (lower Turonian) Akrabou Formation of Asfla, Morocco" Cretaceous Research 116, 104607
Retrieved from ""