Pyrgulopsis
Pyrgulopsis | |
---|---|
Apertural view of a shell of †Pyrgulopsis nevadensis. | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
Order: | Littorinimorpha |
Family: | Hydrobiidae |
Subfamily: | |
Genus: | Pyrgulopsis & Pilsbry, 1886[1] |
Diversity[2][3] | |
133 species |
Pyrgulopsis is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.
Etymology[]
The name Pyrgulopsis is composed from Pyrgula, another genus of snail, and opsis = aspect of.[1]
Description[]
Generic characters of the genus Pyrgulopsis are: the shell is minute, conically turreted, somewhat elongated, imperforate and unicarinate. The apex is acute. The aperture is ovate. The edge of the aperture, called the peritreme, is continuous.[1] The operculum is ovate, thin, corneous and spiral, with polar point well forward and approximating the columella.[1]
The jaw is thin and membranaceous.[1] The radula is odontophore, with teeth are arranged in transverse rows, according to the formula 3 + 1 + 3. Formula for denticles of rhachidian: 4 + 1 + 4⁄1 + 1.[1]
Distribution[]
The distribution of the genus Pyrgulopsis includes Western and South-western United States.[1] Snails of species in the genus Pyrgulopsis occur in fresh water and in brackish water.[1]
Species[]
Pyrgulopsis is the largest genus of freshwater gastropods in the North America. In 2014, 139 species were recognized in this genus.[4]
Species in the genus Pyrgulopsis include:[5]
- Pyrgulopsis aardahli Hershler, 1989 - Benton Valley springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis aloba Hershler, 1999 - Duckwater pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis amargosae Hershler, 1989 - Amargosa springsnail
- Hershler, 1989 - Longitudinal gland pyrg[6]
- Pyrgulopsis archimedis S. S. Berry, 1947 - archimedes pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis arizonae (Taylor, 1987) - Apache springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis avernalis (Pilsbry, 1935) - Moapa pebblesnail
- Pyrgulopsis bacchus Hershler, 1988 - Grand Wash springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis bedfordensis Hershler & Gustafson, 2001[7]
- Pyrgulopsis bernardina (Taylor, 1987) - San Bernardino springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis blainica Hershler, Liu & Gustafson, 2008[8]
- Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis Hershler, 1990 - Bruneau hot springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis bryantwalkeri Hershler, 1994 - Cortez Hills pebblesnail
- Pyrgulopsis californiensis (Gregg & Taylor, 1965) - Laguna Mountain springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis carinifera (Pilsbry, 1935)
- Pyrgulopsis castaicensis Hershler & Liu, 2010[2]
- (Hershler, 1998) - smooth Glenwood pyrg[9]
- Pyrgulopsis chupaderae (Taylor, 1987) - Chupadera springsnail
- Hershler, 1998 - Blue Point pyrg[10]
- Pyrgulopsis conica Hershler, 1988 - Kingman springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis cruciglans Hershler, 1998 - Transverse grand pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis crystalis Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Crystal springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis davisi (Taylor, 1987) - Limpia Creek springsnail
- Hershler, 1998[11] - Spring Mountains Pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis deserta (Pilsbry, 1916) - desert springsnail
- Hershler, 1995 - Diablo Range pyrg
- Hershler, 1995 - Smoke Creek pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis erythropoma (Pilsbry, 1899) - Ash Meadows pebblesnail
- Pyrgulopsis fairbanksensis Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Fairbanks springsnail
- (Hershler, 1998) - Otter Creek pyrg[12]
- Hershler, 1995 - Surprise Valley pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis gilae (Taylor, 1987) - Gila springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis giuliani Hershler & Pratt, 1990 - southern Sierra Nevada springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis glandulosa Hershler, 1988 - Verde Rim springsnail
- Hershler, 1995 - Kern River pyrg
- Hershler, 1998 - Hamlin Valley pyrg[13]
- Pyrgulopsis hendersoni (Pilsbry, 1933) - Harney Lake springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis idahoensis (Pilsbry, 1933) - Idaho springsnail
- Hershler, Liu & Lang, 2010[3]
- (Tryon, 1865) - Crooked Creek springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis isolata Hershler & Sada, 1987 - elongate-gland springsnail
- (Taylor, 1987) - Toquerville springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis licina Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013[14]
- Hershler, 1995 - Long Valley pyrg
- (Gould, 1855)
- (, 2014)[4]
- (Pilsbry & Beecher, 1892) - Pahranagat pebblesnail
- Pyrgulopsis metcalfi (Taylor, 1987) - Naegele springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis micrococcus (Pilsbry, 1893) - Oasis Valley springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis milleri Hershler & Liu, 2010[2]
- Pyrgulopsis minkleyi (D. W. Taylor, 1966)
- Pyrgulopsis montezumensis Hershler, 1988 - Montezuma Well springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis morrisoni Hershler, 1988 - Page springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis nanus Hershler & Sada, 1987 - distal-gland springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis neomexicana (Pilsbry, 1916) - Socorro springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis nevadensis (Stearns, 1883) - corded pyrg - type species
- (Hershler, 1998) - Ninemile pyrg[15]
- Hershler, 1989 - Owens Valley springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis pecosensis (Taylor, 1987) - Pecos springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis perforata Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013[14]
- Hershler, 1989 - Fish Slough springsnail
- (J. L. Baily & R. I. Baily, 1952) - Bear Lake springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis pisteri Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Median-gland Nevada springsnail
- (Walker, 1908) - Jackson Lake springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis roswellensis (Taylor, 1987) - Roswell springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis sanchezi Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013[14]
- (Hershler, 1998) - sub-globose snake pyrg[16]
- (, 2014)[4]
- Pyrgulopsis simplex Hershler, 1988 - Fossil springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis sola Hershler, 1988 - brown springsnail
- (Pilsbry, 1899) - Yaqui springsnail
- Hershler, 1995 - San Luis Obispo pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis texana (Pilsbry, 1935) - Phantom cave snail[3]
- Pyrgulopsis thermalis (Taylor, 1987) - New Mexico hot springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis thompsoni Hershler, 1988 - Huachuca springsnail
- (Hershler, 1998) - southern Bonneville pyrg[17]
- Pyrgulopsis trivialis (Taylor, 1987) - Three Forks springsnail
- Hershler, 1998[18] - Southeast Nevada Pyrg
- () - Northwest Bonneville pyrg[19]
- Hershler, 1995 - Clear Lake pyrg
- Hershler, 1989
Eastern North American species of Pyrgulopsis[20] are considered to be in separate genus Marstonia according to the Thompson and Hershler (2002).[21]
- Pyrgulopsis agarhecta (F. G. Thompson, 1969) - Ocmulgee marstonia - Marstonia agarhecta F.G. Thompson, 1969
- Pyrgulopsis arga - ghost marstonia - F.G. Thompson, 1977
- Pyrgulopsis castor (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - beaverpond marstonia - Marstonia castor F.G. Thompson, 1977
- Pyrgulopsis halcyon (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - halcyon marstonia - F.G. Thompson, 1977
- Pyrgulopsis hershleri F. G. Thompson, 1995 - Coosa pyrg - (F.G. Thompson, 1995)
- Pyrgulopsis letsoni (Walker, 1901) - gravel pyrg - (Walker, 1901)
- Pyrgulopsis lustrica (Pilsbry, 1890) - boreal marstonia - (Pilsbry, 1890)
- Pyrgulopsis ogmoraphe (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - royal springsnail - Marstonia ogmorhaphe (F.G. Thompson, 1977)
- Pyrgulopsis olivacea (Pilsbry, 1895) - olive marstonia - Marstonia olivacea (Pilsbry, 1895)
- Pyrgulopsis ozarkensis Hinkley, 1915 - Ozark pyrg - Marstonia ozarkensis (Hinkley, 1915)
- Pyrgulopsis pachyta (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - armored marstonia - Marstonia pachyta F.G. Thompson, 1977
- Pyrgulopsis scalariformis (Wolf, 1869) - moss pyrg - Marstonia scalariformis (Wolf, 1869)
References[]
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.[1]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i & Pilsbry H. A. (1886). "On Pyrgulopsis, a new genus of rissoid mollusk, with description of two new forms". Proceeding Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences V.: 9-14.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Hershler R. Liu H.-P. (25 January 2010). "Two new, possibly threatened species of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from southwestern California". Zootaxa 2343: 1–17, 8 plates. preview
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Hershler, R.; Liu, H.-P.; Lang, B. K. (2010). "Transfer of Cochliopa texana to Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae) and description of a third congener from the lower Pecos River basin". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 76 (3): 245–256. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyq002.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Hershler, Robert; Ratcliffe, Victoria; Liu, Hsiu-Ping; Land, Brian; Hay, Claire (July 2014). "Taxonomic revision of the Pyrgulopsis gilae (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Gila River basin, New Mexico". ZooKeys (429): 69–85. doi:10.3897/zookeys.429.7865. PMC 4137299. PMID 25147471.
- ^ Pyrgulopsis, Integrated Taxonomic Information System, accessed 24 July 2009.
- ^ "Pyrgulopsis anguina". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ Hershler, R.; Gustafson, D. L. (2001). "First record for springsnails (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae: Pyrgulopsis) from the northern Rocky Mountains". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 114: 297–308.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Hershler, Robert; Liu, Hsiu-Ping; Gustafson, Daniel L. (November 2008). "A second species of Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae) from the Missouri River basin, with molecular evidence supporting faunal origin through Pliocene stream capture across the northern continental divide". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 74 (4): 403–413. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyn028. – via EBSCO's Academic Search Complete (subscription required)
- ^ "Pyrgulopsis chamberlini". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
- ^ Hershler (1998). "A systematic review of the hydrobiid snails (Gastropoda: Rissooidea) of the Great Basin, western United States. Part I. Genus Pyrgulopsis". The Veliger. California Malacozoological Society, Inc. 41: 1–132. hdl:10088/7293.
- ^ "Spring Mountains Pyrg". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
- ^ "Pyrgulopsis fusca". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ "Pyrgulopsis hamlinensis". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Hershler, Robert; Liu, Hsiu-Ping; Bradford, Corbin (9 September 2013). "Systematics of a widely distributed western North American springsnail, Pyrgulopsis micrococcus (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with descriptions of three new congeners". ZooKeys (330): 27–52. doi:10.3897/zookeys.330.5852. PMC 3800804. PMID 24146554. Retrieved June 21, 2017. – via EBSCO's Academic Search Complete (subscription required)
- ^ "Pyrgulopsis nonaria". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ "Pyrgulopsis saxatilis". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
- ^ "Pyrgulopsis transversa". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
- ^ "Southeast Nevada Pyrg". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
- ^ "Pyrgulopsis variegata". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ Hershler, R (1994). "A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae)" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 554 (554): 1–115. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.554.
- ^ Marstonia http://www.natureserve.org accessed 25 July 2009. (See "Concept References" in each Marstonia species.)
Further reading[]
- Hershler, R (1998). "A systematic review of the hydrobiid snails (Gastropoda: Rissoidea) of the Great Basin, western United States. Part I. Genus Pyrgulopsis". The Veliger. 41 (1): 1–132.
- Hershler, R.; Thompson, F. G. (1987). "North American Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Rissoacea): redescription and the systematic relationships of Tryonia Stimpson, 1865 and Pyrgulopsis Call and Pilsbry, 1886". The Nautilus. 101 (1): 25–32.
- Thompson, F. G.; Hershler, R. (2002). "Two genera of North American freshwater snails: Marstonia Baker, 1926, resurrected to generic status, and Floridobia, new genus (Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae: Nymphophilinae)". The Veliger. 45 (3): 269–271.
External links[]
- Data related to Pyrgulopsis at Wikispecies
- Roden T. D. (last change 25 May 2001). AQUATIC SNAIL (possibly Pyrgulopsis).
- Pyrgulopsis
- Hydrobiidae