Queen Sinui

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Queen Sinui
신의왕후
Born1337
Ssangseong Prefectures, Yuan Empire (present-day Kŭmya County, South Hamgyŏng Province, North Korea)
Died21 October 1391 (1391-10-22) (aged 54)
Yi Seong-gye's private residence, Gwiju-dong, Hamhung, Kingdom of Goryeo
Burial
Jeneung Tomb, Kaesong, North Korea
SpouseTaejo of Joseon (m.1351–1391)
Issue
Posthumous name
  • Joseon Dynasty: Grand Queen Mother Seungin Sunseong Sinui (1408)[1] → Queen Seungin Sunseong Sinui (1683)[2]
    • 승인순성신의왕태후 → 승인순성신의왕후
    • 承仁順聖神懿王太后 → 承仁順聖神懿王后
  • Korean Empire: Sinui, the High Empress (1899)[3]
    • 신의고황후
    • 神懿高皇后
ClanCheongju Han clan (by birth)
Jeonju Yi clan (by marriage)
DynastyHouse of Yi (by marriage)
FatherHan Gyeong
MotherLady Shin of the Saknyeong Shin clan
ReligionKorean Buddhism
Korean name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationSinui Wanghu
McCune–ReischauerSin'ui Wanghu

Queen Sinui (Hangul: 신의왕후 한씨, Hanja: 神懿王后 韓氏; 1337 – 21 October 1391),[4] of the Cheongju Han clan, was the first wife of Yi Seong-gye (future Taejo of Joseon). She was the mother of King Jeongjong and King Taejong.[5]

She was firstly given the title of Queen Jeol (절비, 節妃) in 1393. After her second son (Yi Bang-gwa) became King, she was posthumously honored as Queen Sinui (신의왕후, 神懿王后). In 1899, after the founding of the Korean Empire, she was posthumously called Sinui, the High Empress (신의고황후, 神懿高皇后).[6]

Biography[]

Early life[]

The future Queen Sinui was born during King Chungsuk of Goryeo’s 5th year of reign in September 1337.[7] Born into the Cheongju Han clan, Lady Han was the eldest child within seven siblings to Han Gyeong and his wife, Lady Shin of the Saknyeong Shin clan.

In some sources, she is noted as a member of the Anbyeon Han clan, which was founded by Han Ryeon (한련, 韓漣), a ninth-generation descendant of Han Ran (한란, 韓蘭), the progenitor of the Cheongju Han clan.

Marriage and later life[]

In 1351, when she was 15 years old, she was arranged to marry Yi Seong-gye who was 2 years older than her. She later gave birth to 6 sons and 2 daughters from 1354 to 1370s. While Yi Seong-gye (later Yi Dan) was traveling through the battlefield, Lady Han took care of the household affairs in his hometown and helped out.

During the Goryeo Dynasty, aristocratic men were allowed two wives; one wife was known as the Gyeongcheo (경처), the capital wife, while the second wife was known as the Hyangcheo (향처), the countryside wife. In Gaegyeong (modern-day Kaeseong), Yi Seong-gye welcomed Lady Kang, a daughter of Kang Yun-seong, from the noble Goksan Kang clan, as his second, Gyeongcheo, wife. Lady Kang would later become Queen Hyeon.

In 1388, during the 14th year of King U’s reign, Lady Han stayed in Jaebyeok-dong, Pocheon, and fled back to Dongbuk-myeon with her children and remaining family under the guidance of her fifth son Yi Bang-won.[8] This eventually led her to be concerned about the threat of her life and later passed away on 21 October 1391. Her tomb is called Jeneung and is located in present-day Kaesong, North Korea.

Aftermath[]

A year after Lady Han’s death, her husband established the Joseon Dynasty; thus having her husband become king and her children become princes and princesses.

During King Taejo’s 2nd year of reign in 1393, she was posthumously given the title of Queen Jeol (절비, 節妃; Jeolbi meaning Faithful Consort).[9] In 1398, during the first year of reign of her second eldest son, King Jeongjong, Lady Han was honored as Queen Sinui (신의왕후, 神懿王后).

After the death of Queen Hyeon, Qeen Shinui's fifth son, Yi Bang-won, eventually led a coup d'etat with his wife, Princess Jeongnyeong’s encouragement, while King Taejo was in mourning for his second wife. This event led to the deaths of Jeong Do-jeon and his supporters, as well as the late Queen Sindeok's two sons (Yi Bang-beon, Grand Prince Muan and Yi Bang-seok, Grand Prince Uian). This incident became known as the First Strife of Princes.

Family[]

  • Father: Han Gyeong, Internal Prince Ancheon (한경 안천부원군, 韓卿 安川府院君)
    • Grandfather: Han Gyu-in (한규인, 韓珪仁)
      • Great-grandfather: Han Yu (한유, 韓裕)
        • Great-great-grandfather: Han Yeon (한연, 韓淵)
  • Mother: Grand Lady of Samhan State of the Saknyeong Shin clan (삼한국대부인 삭녕 신씨, 三韓國大夫人 朔寧 申氏)
    • Grandfather: Shin Yun-ryeo (신윤려, 申允麗)
  • Sibling(s):
    • Younger brother: Han Seong-gi, Prince Ansan (안산군 한성기, 安山君 韓成己)
    • Younger brother: Han Chang-su, Duke Yangjeong, Prince Anwon (양정공 안원군 한창수) (1365 – 1440)
    • Younger brother: Han Geum-gang (한금강, 韓金剛) (? – 1433)
      • Sister-in-law: Lady Mun of the Nampyeong Mun clan (남평 문씨, 南平 文氏)
    • Younger brother: Han Yung-jeon (한융전, 韓隆田) (1368 – 1442)
      • Sister-in-law: Lady Yi (이씨, 李氏)
    • Younger brother: Han Geom, Duke Yangjeong, Prince Ancheon (양정공 안천군 한검, 良精公 安川君 韓劍) (? – 1433)
    • Younger sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (한씨, 韓氏)
      • Brother-in-law: Mun Won-jwa of the Nampyeong Mun clan (문원좌, 文原佐)

Issue(s):

  • Son: Yi Bang-woo, Grand Prince Jinan (진안대군 이방우) (1354 – 15 January 1394)
    • Daughter-in-law: Lady Ji of the Chungju Ji clan (충주 지씨)
      • Grandson: Yi Bok-geun, Prince Bongnyeong (봉녕군 이복근)[10]
      • Granddaughter: Princess Gyeonghye (경혜옹주)[11][12][13]
        • Great-grandson: Yi Won-jeung (이원증)[14]
        • Great-grandson: Yi Hyeong-jeung (이형증)[15]
  • Son: Yi Bang-gwa, Grand Prince Yeongan (영안대군 이방과) (18 July 1357 – 15 October 1419)
  • Son: Yi Bang-ui, Grand Prince Ikan (익안대군 이방의) (1360 – 26 September 1404)
    • Daughter-in-law: Lady Choe of the Dongju Choe clan (동주 최씨)
      • Grandson: Yi Seok-geun, Duke Anryang, Internal Prince Ikpyeong (안량공 익평부원군 이석근)
        • Granddaughter-in-law: Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨)
        • Granddaughter-in-law: Lady Kim (김씨)
      • Granddaughter: Princess Hoein (회인현주)
        • Grandson-in-law: Kim Han (김한)
          • Great-grandson: Kim Yu-don (김유돈)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Lady Kim of the Yeonan Kim clan (연안 김씨)
          • Great-grandson: Kim Yu-jang (김유장)
          • Great-granddaughter: Lady Kim (김씨)
          • Great-granddaughter: Lady Kim (김씨)
      • Granddaughter: Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan
  • Son: Yi Bang-gan, Grand Prince Hoean (회안대군 이방간) (2 July 1364 – 10 April 1421)
    • Daughter-in-law: Internal Princess Consort Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (삼한국대부인 여흥 민씨, 三韓國大夫人 驪興 閔氏) (? - 1407)
      • Grandson: Yi Maeng-jung, Prince Uiryeong (의령군 이맹중) (15 February 1385 - 11 July 1423)
        • Granddaughter-in-law: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨); daughter of Han Gi (한기, 韓琦)
        • Great-grandson: Yi On, Prince Yeongpyeong (영평군 이온)
      • Granddaughter: Princess Seonghye (성혜옹주, 誠惠翁主) (? - 1431)
        • Grandson-in-law: Jo Shin-eon (조신언, 趙愼言) of the Pyeongyang Jo clan
      • Granddaughter: Princess Shinhye (신혜옹주, 信惠翁主)
        • Grandson-in-law: Lee Dae-saeng (이대생, 李大生) of the Anseong Lee clan
    • Daughter-in-law: Internal Princess Consort Hwang of the Miryang Hwang clan (삼한국대부인 밀양 황씨, 三韓國大夫人 密陽 黃氏)
      • Grandson: Yi Tae, Prince Changnyeong (창녕군 이태) (1389 - 15 October 1451)
    • Daughter-in-law: Princess Consort Geumreung of the Gimpo Kim clan (금릉부부인 김포 금씨, 金陵府夫人 金浦琴氏)
      • Grandson: Yi Seon, Prince Geumseong (금성군 이선) (1409 - ?)
      • Grandson: Yi Jong-gun, Prince Geumsan (금산군 이중군) (9 February 1413 - 18 September 1478)
        • Granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Jo of the Jangheung Jo clan (부부인 장흥 조씨) (13 March 1410 - 29 April 1484)
      • Granddaughter: Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan
        • Grandson-in-law: Park Gyeong-mu (박경무, 朴景武)
  • Son: Yi Bang-won, Grand Prince Jeongan (정안대군 이방원) (13 June 1367 – 30 May 1422)
    • Daughter-in-law: Queen Wongyeong of the Yeoheung Min clan (원경왕후 민씨)
      • Granddaughter: Princess Jeongsun (정순공주) (1385 – 25 August 1460)
        • Grandson-in-law: Yi Baek-gang, Duke Jeongjeol, Internal Prince Cheongpyeong (정절공 청평부원군 이백강) (1381 – 1451)[16]
          • Great-granddaughter: Lady Yi of the Cheongju Yi clan (정경부인 청주 이씨)
            • Great-grandson-in-law: Yi Gye-rin, Duke Gongmu, Prince Hansan (1401 – 1455) (공무공 한산군 이계린)
              • Great-great-granddaughter: Lady Yi of the Hansan Yi clan
      • Granddaughter: Princess Gyeongjeong (경정공주) (1387 – 6 June 1455)
        • Grandson-in-law: Jo Dae-rim, Internal Prince Pyeongyang (평양부원군 조대림) (1387 – 1430)
          • Great-granddaughter: Lady Jo (조씨)
          • Great-granddaughter: Lady Jo (조씨)
          • Great-granddaughter: Lady Jo (조씨)
          • Great-granddaughter: Lady Jo (조씨)[17]
          • Great-grandson: Jo Mu-yeong (조무영)
      • Granddaughter: Princess Gyeongan (경안공주) (1393 – 30 May 1415)
        • Grandson-in-law: Gwon Gyu, Prince Gilchang (길창군 권규) (1393 – 1421)[18]
          • Great-grandson: Gwon Dam (권담) (? – 1439)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Lady Park of the Hamyang Park clan (함양 박씨)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Lady Jeong of the Yeonil Jeong clan (연일 정씨)
          • Great-grandson: Gwon Chong, Duke Yeongjeong (영정공 권총) (1413 – 1480)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Lady Choe of the Jeonju Choe clan (전주 최씨)
      • Grandson: Yi Je, Grand Prince Yangnyeong (양녕대군 이제) (1394 – 7 September 1462)
        • Granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Suseong of the Gwangsan Kim clan (수성부부인 광산김씨)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Gae, Duke Huian, Prince Sunseong (? - 2 September 1462) (희안공 순성군 이개)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Lady Shin (신씨) (? – 27 November 1453)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Po, Duke Yian, Prince Hamyang (이안공 함양군 이포) (1417 – 21 June 1475)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Taein of the Yi clan (태인군부인 이씨)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Hye, Prince Seosan (이혜 서산군) (? – 10 April 1451)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Yangcheon of the Kim clan (양천현부인 김씨) (? – 5 June 1464)
          • Great-granddaughter: Princess Yeongcheon (영천군주) (1412 – 5 April 1442)
          • Great-granddaughter: Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan
          • Great-granddaughter: Princess Yeongpyeong (영평현주)
            • Great-grandson-in-law: Kim Cheol-gyun (김철균)
          • Great-granddaughter: Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan
            • Great-grandson-in-law: Park Su-jong (박수종)
          • Great-granddaughter: Princess Jaeryeong (재령군주) (? – 1444)
            • Great-grandson-in-law: Yi Ja (이자)
      • Grandson: Yi Bo, Grand Prince Hyoryeong (효령대군 이보) (6 January 1396 – 12 June 1486)
        • Granddaughter-in-law: Grand Princess Consort Yeseong of the Haeju Jeong clan (예성부부인 해주 정씨) (1394 – 1470)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Chae, Prince Uiseong (1411 – 1493) (의성군 이채)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Hoein of the Seongju Yi clan (회인군부인 성주이씨)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Chin, Prince Seowon (서원군 이친) (1413 – 1475)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Uiryeong of the Gyeongju Yi clan (의령군부인 경주이씨)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Gap, Prince Boseong (보성군 이갑) (1416 – 1499)[19]
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Lady Yi (이씨)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Mil, Prince Nakan (낙안군 이밀) (1417 – 1474)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Yangsan of the Onyang Kim clan (양산군부인 언양 김씨)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Jeong, Prince Yeongcheon (영천군 이정) (1422 – ?)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Gwon of the Yecheon Gwon clan (군부인 예천 권씨)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Ui, Prince Woncheon (원천군 이의) (1423 – 1476)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Jo of the Baekcheon Jo clan (군부인 백천 조씨)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Jo of the Hanyang Jo clan (군부인 한양 조씨)
      • Grandson: Yi Do, Grand Prince Chungnyeong (충녕대군 이도) (15 May 1397 – 8 April 1450)
        • Granddaughter-in-law: Queen Soheon of the Cheongseong Shim clan (12 October 1395 – 19 April 1446) (소헌왕후 심씨)
          • Great-granddaughter: Princess Jeongso (정소공주) (1412 – 1424)
          • Great-grandson: Crown Prince Yi Hyang (왕세자 이향) (15 November 1414 – 1 June 1452)
          • Great-granddaughter: Princess Jeongui (정의공주) (1415 – 1477)[21][22][23][24]
            • Great-grandson-in-law: Ahn Maeng-dam, Duke Yanghyo, Prince Yeonchang (양효공 연창군 안맹담) (1415 – 1462)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Yu, Grand Prince Suyang (수양대군 이유) (2 November 1417 – 23 September 1468)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Yong, Grand Prince Anpyeong (안평대군 이용) (18 October 1418 – 18 November 1453)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Jeong of the Yeonil Jeong clan (부부인 영일 정씨) (? – 31 May 1453)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Gu, Grand Prince Imyeong (임영대군 이구) (6 January 1420 – 21 January 1469)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Nam of the Uiryeong Nam clan
            • Great-granddaughter-n-law: Princess Consort Jean of the Jeonju Choe clan (제안부부인 전주 최씨)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Ahn of the Andong Ahn clan (부부인 안동 안씨)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Yeo, Grand Prince Gwangpyeong (광평대군 이여) (2 May 1425 – 7 December 1444)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Yeongga of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (영가부부인 평산 신씨)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Yu, Grand Prince Geumseong (금성대군 이유) (5 May 1426 – 7 November 1457)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Wansan of the Jeonju Choe clan (완산부부인 전주 최씨)
          • Great-grandson: Yi Im, Grand Prince Pyeongwon (평원대군 이임) (18 November 1427 – 16 January 1445)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Gangnyeong of the Namyang Hong clan (강녕부부인 남양 홍씨) (? – 1483)
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Daebang of the Yeosan Song clan (대방부부인 송씨) (? – 1507)[25]
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Chunseong of the Jeong clan (춘성부부인 정씨)[26]
            • Great-granddaughter-in-law: Princess Consort Yeonseong of the Kim clan (연성부부인 김씨)
      • Granddaughter: Princess Jeongseon (정선공주) (1404 – 25 February 1424)
        • Grandson-in-law: Nam Hwi, Prince Consort Uisan (의산위 남휘) (? – 1454)
          • Great-grandson: Nam Bin (남빈)
          • Great-granddaughter: Lady Nam (남씨)
      • Grandson: Yi Jong, Grand Prince Seongnyeong (성녕대군 이종) (3 August 1405 – 11 April 1418)
        • Granddaughter-in-law: Lady Seong of the Changnyeong Seong clan (창녕 성씨)
      • Unnamed grandson
      • Unnamed grandson
      • Unnamed grandson
      • Unnamed grandson (1412 - 1412)
  • Son: Yi Bang-yeon, Grand Prince Deokan (덕안대군 이방연)[27]
    • Adoptive grandson: Yi Jung-gun, Prince Geumsan (금산군 이중군) (9 February 1413 - 18 September 1478)[28]
  • Daughter: Princess Gyeongsin (경신공주) (?[29] – 29 April 1426)
    • Son-in-law: Yi Baek-gyeong, Internal Prince Sangdang (상당부원군 이백경) of the Cheongju Yi clan (1363 - 1414)[30][31]
      • Grandson: Yi Bi (이비, 李俾)
      • Grandson: Yi Hu (이후) (? - 1428)
        • Granddaughter-in-law: Lady Yi of the Hansan Yi clan (한산 이씨)
  • Daughter: Princess Gyeongseon (경선공주)[32]
    • Son-in-law: Sim Jong, Prince Cheongwon (청원군 심종) (? – 1418)[33]
      • Granddaughter: Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨)
        • Grandson-in-law: Yi Myeong-sin, Duke Gangpyeong (강평공 이명신) (1392 – 1459)
          • Great-Grandson: Yi Chu (이추, 李抽) (1417 - ?)

In popular culture[]

References[]

  1. ^ 《태종실록》 16권, 태종 8년(1408년 명 영락(永樂) 6년) 9월 6일 (신해)
  2. ^ 《숙종실록》 14권, 숙종 9년(1683년 청 강희(康熙) 22년) 6월 12일 (계미)
  3. ^ 《고종실록》 39권, 고종 36년(1899년 대한 광무(光武) 3년) 12월 7일 (양력)
  4. ^ In the Lunar calendar, the Queen was born in September 1337 and died on September 23, 1391.
  5. ^ The 3rd King of Joseon dynasty.
  6. ^ "신의왕후(神懿王后) - 한국민족문화대백과사전".
  7. ^ 《》 27권, 순조 24년(1824년 청 도광(道光) 4년) 10월 19일 (무인) (Translation: 《The Annals of Sunjo》 Volume 27, 24th year of Sunjo (1824, 4th year of Dogwang, Qing) October 19th (uninhabited)
  8. ^ 《태조실록》 1권, 총서 89번째기사 (Translation: 《The Annals of King Taejo》 Volume 1, the 89th article in the series)
  9. ^ muchadoboutlove (2020-11-09). "Royal Titles of Joseon Consorts". the talking cupboard. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
  10. ^ "조선왕조실록".
  11. ^ "조선왕조실록".
  12. ^ "묘 이야기".
  13. ^ Not to be confused with another Princess Gyeonghye (the eldest child and only daughter of King Munjong and Queen Hyeondeok).
  14. ^ "조선왕조실록".
  15. ^ "조선왕조실록".
  16. ^ The younger brother of Princess Gyeongsin’s husband; thus making them from niece and aunt to sister-in-law’s
  17. ^ Became Crown Princess Hwi’s sister-in-law
  18. ^ The uncle of Kwon Ram
  19. ^ "Archived copy". www.hyor.or.kr. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ^ A niece of King Taejong’s concubine, Royal Noble Consort Myeong of the Andong Kim clan (명빈 김씨) (? – 1479).
  21. ^ Her eldest daughter married Jeong Gwang-jo (정광조, 鄭光祖), a son of Jeong In-ji and his first wife, Lady Jo of the Hanyang Jo clan (한��� 조씨).
  22. ^ Her second daughter, Lady Ahn, married Han Chi-rye (한치례, 韓致禮) (1441 – 1499); the third son of Han Hwak and second younger brother of Queen Insu.
  23. ^ Her grandson, Han Ik (한익, 韓翊) (1460 – 1488), became the maternal uncle to Queen Janggyeong upon his marriage to the Queen’s maternal aunt, Lady Park of the Suncheon Park clan.
  24. ^ Her great-grandson, Han Suk-chang (한숙창, 韓叔昌) (1478 – 1537), became the maternal cousin of Queen Janggyeong and the maternal step-grandfather of Heo Nanseolheon.
  25. ^ The aunt of Queen Jeongsun.
  26. ^ Sister-in-law of Princess Gyeonghye.
  27. ^ Speculated birth year is 1370 and speculated death year is 1387
  28. ^ Son of his older brother, Yi Bang-gan, Prince Hoean and Princess Consort Geumreung of the Gimpo Geum clan (금릉부부인 김포 금씨)
  29. ^ It's speculated that her birth year is 1370
  30. ^ Was also known as Yi Ae (이애, 李薆)
  31. ^ His younger brother, Yi Baek-gang, Internal Prince Cheongpyeong (이백강 청평부원군, 李伯剛 淸平府院君) (1381 – 1451), married Queen Wongyeong’s and King Taejong’s eldest daughter, Princess Jeongsun (1385 - 1460). Thus making them in-law’s
  32. ^ Her birth year is speculated to be around mid to late 1370s, and her death year is speculated to be after 1446
  33. ^ He is the paternal uncle of Queen Soheon.
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