Ralph Payne, 1st Baron Lavington
The Lord Lavington | |
|---|---|
| Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the Leeward Islands | |
| In office 1799–1807 | |
| Member of Parliament (MP) for New Woodstock | |
| In office 1795–1799 | |
| Member of Parliament (MP) for Plympton, Devon | |
| In office 1780–1784 | |
| Clerk of the Board of the Green Cloth | |
| In office 1777–1782 | |
| Member of Parliament (MP) for Camelford, Cornwall | |
| In office 1776–1780 | |
| Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the Leeward Islands | |
| In office 1771–1775 | |
| Member of Parliament (MP) for Shaftesbury, Dorset | |
| In office 1768–1771 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 19 March 1739 St George, Basseterre, St Kitts |
| Died | 3 August 1807 (aged 68) Antigua |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Politician and businessman |
Ralph Payne, 1st Baron Lavington KB PC (19 March 1739 – 3 August 1807) was a British politician and Governor of the Leeward Islands.
Early life and education[]
Payne was born in St George, Basseterre on the island of St Kitts in 1739 to Ralph Payne (died 1763)—the Chief Justice of St Kitts—and his wife, Alice.[1] His family was wealthy and originally came from Lavington in Wiltshire, hence Payne's future peerage was as Baron Lavington. He was educated in England at Christ's Hospital school in West Sussex. Following the completion of his time at Christ's, Payne returned to St Kitts where he was "elected a member of the house of assembly and unanimously voted speaker."[1][2]
Return to England and marriage[]
By 1762, Payne had returned to England as part of his grand tour of Europe as was convention for young men in the eighteenth century.[citation needed] Here he became a representative for absentee landowners in Britain of plantations in the West Indies.[citation needed] He married at London in 1767.[citation needed]
First tenure as Governor of the Leeward Islands[]
Following his marriage, Payne embarked fully on his political career and became a member of parliament for the borough of Shaftesbury; holding this seat from 1768 to 1771. To further himself in politics, he always voted according to the government of the time.[citation needed] He thus made many more useful connections which were particularly beneficial to him, including his relationship with the Earl of Mansfield.[citation needed] Horace Walpole observed the verbose style with which Payne made his political speeches, maintaining that such a style could be attributed to amateur dramatic performances in Payne's youth.[citation needed] Nevertheless, Payne became a prominent figure in London society and held a great number of social gatherings which were very popular in the capital.[citation needed]
Payne was created a Knight of the Bath (KB) on 18 February 1771 and was also appointed Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the Leeward Islands later in 1771. Payne had "inherited a considerable estate from his parents" on the islands.[1] The islands endured a hurricane in 1772, leading Payne to become the first governor to tour the islands to work out how to resolve the devastation that was caused. It was during his time as governor that he became the patron of artist Thomas Hearne who painted several landscapes depicting events on the Leeward Islands. One of these—depicting Payne himself—is currently in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Sir Ralph left the post as governor in 1775, although he had been very popular during his tenure. Indeed, he was so popular the people petitioned to have him remain as governor for another term.[citation needed]
Return to England[]
Sir Ralph returned to England to become MP for Camelford in Cornwall between 1776 and 1780. He then became MP for Plympton in Devon; holding this seat until 1784. He was also Clerk of the Board of Green Cloth between 1777 and 1782. He became a supporter of Fox following the end of the war in America, although his political career was restricted for a period due to the increasing influence of William Pitt who became prime minister in 1783. He left England in 1788 for another tour of Europe, returning to England in 1790 to contest the seat of Fowey in Cornwall but he was unsuccessful.[citation needed]
He found it difficult to re-establish himself in the British political system with a sharply reduced income from his plantations on the Leeward Islands. He owned Carlisle's Estate in St George, Antigua, with over 300 slaves but he died almost destitute and the estate was bought by Reid and Dixon. Payne was involved in no claim for compensation at the time of abolition of slavery.[3] He switched allegiances to become a supporter of Pitt, throwing a party at his house on 15 August 1793 at which the prime minister, Pitt, was present.[citation needed] It was due to this switch of allegiance that he became Baron Lavington in the peerage of Ireland on 1 October 1795.[4] Payne was also elected as MP for New Woodstock in October 1795, retaining this seat until 1799. He did not vote on the abolition of the slave trade during this his fourth tenure as an MP.[citation needed]
Second tenure as Governor of the Leeward Islands[]
Lord Lavington was re-elected as Governor of the Leeward Islands in February 1799, arriving in Antigua on 12 August 1801. He was also sworn of the Privy Council later in 1799. Payne remained governor until his death in 1807.[citation needed]
He owned Carlisle's Estate in St George, Antigua, with over 300 slaves but he died almost destitute and the estate was bought by Reid and Dixon. Payne was involved in no claim for compensation at the time of abolition of slavery.[3]
Family[]
On 1 September 1767 at St George's in Hanover Square, London, he married Frances Lambertine Christiana Charlotte Harriet Theresa de Kolbel, the daughter of a German nobleman, without issue. He owned Carlisle's Estate in St George, Antigua, with over 300 slaves but he died almost destitute and the estate was bought by Reid and Dixon. Payne was involved in no claim for compensation at the time of abolition of slavery.[3]
His wife was well connected and mixed in high social circles, including with Queen Charlotte, wife of King George III. Payne therefore made good contacts for his political career through his marriage; however, his time with Frances was not a particularly happy one. He owned Carlisle's Estate in St George, Antigua, with over 300 slaves but he died almost destitute and the estate was bought by Reid and Dixon. Payne was involved in no claim for compensation at the time of abolition of slavery.[3]
He died at Government House, Leeward Islands, on 3 August 1807. He was buried the next day at his plantation, Carlisles, and a marble monument to him was erected in the parish church of St John's in Antigua. He died without children and in a dire economic situation, leaving his wife, Lady Lavington, to sustain herself on an annual income of just £300; an extremely low amount for the widow of a nobleman and relatively influential politician, although it would have allowed her to keep a servant. Lady Lavington died at Hampton Court Palace in London, UK on 2 May 1830. According to biographer W.P. Courtney, Lord Lavington's "career mirrored the meteoric rise and downfall of absentee sugar planters in Britain."[1]
Styles and honours[]
- Mr Ralph Payne (1739–1768)
- Mr Ralph Payne MP (1768–1771)
- Sir Ralph Payne KB (1771–1776)
- Sir Ralph Payne KB MP (1776–1784)
- Sir Ralph Payne KB (1784–1795)
- The Rt. Hon. The Lord Lavington KB (1795–1795)
- The Rt. Hon. The Lord Lavington KB MP (1795–1799)
- The Rt. Hon. The Lord Lavington KB PC (1799–1807)
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21652. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ [citation needed] NOTE: The biographical sketch for Sir Ralph Payne (later Lord Lavington) in "The History of Parliament," states that "On 1 Oct. 1795 Payne duly became Baron Lavington (after the Wiltshire home of his ancestors), though he had at first chosen the title of Bampton." This has posed a double-problem for family researchers as traditions within the family maintain that they descend from the PAYN's of Jersey, Channel Islands, from which island they had fled at the end of the Civil War. It is said that Sir Ralph's ancestors fled the island and settled for a time in Devonshire (although no evidence for this has been located). Circa 1653, the family is believed to have left England for the St. Kitts and the Leeward Islands. It is therefore a bit of a mystery as to how "Bampton" fits into the picture, particularly when there appears to be very strong record evidence in support of the family tradition in regard to Jersey. The present head of this family (in Scotland), who is in possession of many family heirlooms, paintings, etc., as well as several secondary sources (J.B. Payn's "An Armorial of Jersey; Burkes "General Armory"), trace Lord Lavington's ancestry to Edouard PAYN (1554-19 Aug 1624) of St. Martin, Jersey, by his wife, Andrie (died 21 Jan 1620/1). Other researchers claim that records extant on the island further trace this ancestry back to the 13th-century. Perhaps other researchers can provide information on Lavington's "Wiltshire" and/or "Bampton" connection.[original research?]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Summary of Individual | Legacies of British Slavery".
- ^ "No. 13821". The London Gazette. 10 October 1795. p. 1052.
- 1739 births
- 1807 deaths
- Knights Companion of the Order of the Bath
- West Indies merchants
- British MPs 1768–1774
- British MPs 1774–1780
- British MPs 1780–1784
- British MPs 1790–1796
- British MPs 1796–1800
- Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Plympton Erle
- Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for constituencies in Cornwall
- Barons in the Peerage of Ireland
- People from Saint Kitts
- Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- Peers of Ireland created by George III