Ranitomeya

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Ranitomeya
Ventri.jpg
R. ventrimaculata
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Dendrobatidae
Subfamily: Dendrobatinae
Genus: Ranitomeya
Bauer, 1986
Diversity
16 species (see text)

Ranitomeya is a genus of dart poison frogs found in Panama and South America south to Peru and Brazil, possibly into Bolivia.[1]

Taxonomy[]

In 2006 Grant et al. revised the systematics of poison dart frogs and placed many species formerly classified in the genera Dendrobates, Minyobates and Phyllobates in Ranitomeya.[2] In 2011 Brown and colleagues, following other scientists who assumed the existence of two distinct clades in Ranitomeya, erected the genus Andinobates for 12 species of Ranitomeya.[3]

Ranitomeya and Andinobates frogs can be distinguished from those in genera such as Dendrobates in that they are generally smaller, have more than two colors, and seem to glitter if viewed from certain angles. Ranitomeya is widespread in the Amazon basin, whereas Andinobates species are found only in the northern Andes down to Central America.

Description[]

Adults measure no more than 21 mm (0.83 in) in snout–vent length and are typically brightly colored, often with bright yellow, red, or green dorsum that can be uniform in color or with stripes or dots. Also the throat has distinctive color, usually yellow, orange or red. Dorsal skin is smooth or weakly granular. The head is narrower than the body. Fingers and toes bear discs, with those on the fingers being large.[3]

Threats[]

Many Ranitomeya species are threatened by habitat loss and collection for the pet trade.[4][5][6]

Species[]

There are 16 Ranitomeya species:[1][7]

Image Scientific name Distribution
Ranitomeya amazonica.jpg Ranitomeya amazonica (Schulte, 1999) northeastern Amazonian Peru (Loreto Region, including the type locality) and extreme southeastern Colombia (Amazonas Department), and expected in the adjacent Brazil, Venezuela; extreme southern Guyana; eastern French Guiana; the mouth of the Amazon in Brazil
Ranitomeya benedicta 2.jpg Ranitomeya benedicta Brown, Twomey, Pepper, and Sanchez-Rodriguez, 2008
Pérez-Peña, Chávez, Twomey, and Brown, 2010 Pampas del Sacramento in southern Loreto and eastern San Martín Region, northeastern Peru
Twomey and Brown, 2009 southeastern Colombia
Ranitomeya fantastica (Boulenger, 1884) eastern Sierra del Divisor, Loreto, Peru
Ranitomeya flavovittata (Schulte, 1999) northern San Martín and Loreto Regions, Peru
R. imitator Varadero.jpg Ranitomeya imitator (Schulte, 1986) Loreto Region, Peru
Ranitomeya reticulata.jpg Ranitomeya reticulata (Boulenger, 1884) eastern Peru.
Ranitomeya lamasi.jpg Ranitomeya sirensis (Aichinger, 1991) Amazon rainforest in Peru and Ecuador.
Ranitomeya summersi (13503318514).jpg Ranitomeya summersi Brown, Twomey, Pepper, and Sanchez-Rodriguez, 2008 central Huallaga River drainage and adjacent Cordillera Azul National Park in central Peru
Brown, Caldwell, Twomey, Melo-Sampaio, and Souza, 2011 western Brazil in the states of Acre and Amazonas, and in the north of Rondônia state
(Brown, Schulte, and Summers, 2006) southern Peru (Madre de Dios), central Peru (Pachitea drainage), western Brazil (near Porto Walter), along the upper Amazon (in Peru and Colombia), and as far west as central Guyana.
Ranitomeya Vanzolinii.jpg Ranitomeya vanzolinii (Myers, 1982) Amazonian rainforests of Brazil and Peru
Splash back poison dart Frog (5731341531).jpg Ranitomeya variabilis (Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988) Huallaga River drainage of San Martín Region, Peru
Rmventrimaculata.jpg Ranitomeya ventrimaculata (Shreve, 1935) Brazil, southeastern Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, and Peru.
Pérez-Peña, Chávez, Twomey, and Brown, 2010 Rio Yavari-Mirin, Loreto, Peru

Dendrobates rubrocephalus Schulte, 1999 is placed here Incertae Sedis.[1]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Ranitomeya Bauer, 1986". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  2. ^ Grant, T.; Frost, D. R.; Caldwell, J. P.; Gagliardo, R.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Kok, P. J. R.; Means, D. B.; Noonan, B. P.; Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 299: 1–262. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299[1:PSODFA]2.0.CO;2.
  3. ^ a b Brown, J. L.; E. Twomey; A. Amézquita; M. B. de Souza; J. P. Caldwell; S. Lötters; R. von May; P. R. Melo-Sampaio; D. Mejía-Vargas; P. E. Pérez-Peña; M. Pepper; E. H. Poelman; M. Sanchez-Rodriguez & K. Summers (2011). "A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical frog genus Ranitomeya (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3083: 1–120. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3083.1.1.
  4. ^ "Red list changes highlight threats from over-exploitation". TRAFFIC. 10 November 2011.
  5. ^ Pepper, Mark; Brown, Jason; Twomey, Evan (15 January 2007). "Smuggling". Dendrobates.org. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  6. ^ Pepper, Mark; Twomey, Evan; Brown, Jason L. (Spring 2007). "The Smuggling Crisis" (PDF). Leaf Litter. 1 (1): 5–7. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  7. ^ "Dendrobatidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
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