Red Cliffs order of battle
The following is the order of battle for the Battle of Red Cliffs (208–209 AD).
Cao Cao forces[]
- Imperial Chancellor (丞相) Cao Cao[1]
- (Acting) General Who Attacks the South (征南將軍) Cao Ren[2]
- Army Protector and Commandant (都督護軍) Zhao Yan, coordinated the units commanded by the following seven officers:[3]
- General Who Sweeps Across the Wilderness (橫野將軍) Xu Huang[8]
- General of Uplifting Martial Might (奮武將軍) Cheng Yu[9]
- Palace Counsellor (太中大夫) Jia Xu[10]
- Administrator of Runan (汝南太守) Man Chong[11]
Total strength of combined land and naval forces: ≈800,000 (according to Cao Cao's claim);[12] ≈220,000–240,000 (according to Zhou Yu's estimations)[13]
Sun Quan forces[]
- General Who Attacks Barbarians (討虜將軍) Sun Quan[14]
- Central Army Protector (中護軍) Zhou Yu, served as the Left Chief Controller (左都督).[15][16]
- General of the Household Who Defeats Bandits (盪寇中郎將) Cheng Pu, served as the Right Chief Controller (右都督).[15][16]
- Colonel Who Praises the Army (贊軍校尉) Lu Su[17]
- General of the Household Who Attacks Barbarians (征虜中郎將) Lü Fan[18]
- General of the Household Who Sweeps Across the Wilderness (橫野中郎將) Lü Meng[19]
- General of the Household (中郎將) Han Dang[20]
- Commandant of Danyang (丹陽都尉) Huang Gai[21]
- Commandant of Vehemence (承烈都尉) Ling Tong[22]
- Chief of Yichun (宜春長) Zhou Tai[23]
- Gan Ning[24]
Total strength of combined land and naval forces: ≈30,000[25][26][27]
Liu Bei forces[]
- General of the Left (左將軍) Liu Bei[26][28]
- Lieutenant-General (偏將軍) Guan Yu[26][29]
- General of the Household (中郎將) Zhang Fei[26][30]
- Zhuge Liang[26][27]
- Administrator of Jiangxia (江夏太守) Liu Qi[31]
Total strength of combined land and naval forces: ≈20,000[31]
References[]
- ^ (夏六月,以公為丞相。 ... 公至赤壁,與備戰,不利。於是大疫,吏士多死者,乃引軍還。備遂有荊州、江南諸郡。) Sanguozhi vol. 1.
- ^ (從平荊州,以仁行征南將軍,留屯江陵,拒吳將周瑜。 ... ) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h (太祖征荊州,以儼領章陵太守,徙都督護軍,護于禁、張遼、張郃、朱靈、李典、路招、馮楷七軍。) Sanguozhi vol. 23.
- ^ (... 拜禁虎威將軍。 ... 是時,禁與張遼、樂進、張郃、徐晃俱為名將,太祖每征伐,咸遞行為軍鋒, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 17.
- ^ (... 以遼為盪寇將軍。 ... 太祖旣征孫權還,使遼與樂進、李典等將七千餘人屯合肥。) Sanguozhi vol. 17.
- ^ (... 以功遷平狄將軍。別征東萊,討管承,又與張遼討陳蘭、梅成等,破之。) Sanguozhi vol. 17.
- ^ (... 遷破虜將軍。與張遼、樂進屯合肥, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 17.
- ^ (... 拜橫野將軍。從征荊州,別屯樊,討中廬、臨沮、宜城賊。又與滿寵討關羽於漢津,與曹仁擊周瑜於江陵。) Sanguozhi vol. 17.
- ^ (... 拜昱奮武將軍, ... 太祖征荊州,劉備奔吳。論者以為孫權必殺備,昱料之曰: ... 權果多與備兵,以禦太祖。) Sanguozhi vol. 14.
- ^ (... 徙詡為太中大夫。建安十三年,太祖破荊州,欲順江東下。 ... 太祖不從,軍遂無利。) Sanguozhi vol. 10.
- ^ (太祖憂之,以寵為汝南太守。 ... 建安十三年,從太祖征荊州。) Sanguozhi vol. 26.
- ^ (江表傳載曹公與權書曰:「近者奉辭伐罪,旄麾南指,劉琮束手。今治水軍八十萬衆,方與將軍會獵於吳。」權得書以示羣臣,莫不嚮震失色。) Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 47.
- ^ (江表傳曰: ... 及會罷之夜,瑜請見曰:「諸人徒見操書,言水步八十萬,而各恐懾,不復料其虛實,便開此議,甚無謂也。今以實校之,彼所將中國人,不過十五六萬,且軍已久疲,所得表衆,亦極七八萬耳,尚懷狐疑。 ...) Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 54.
- ^ (曹公表權為討虜將軍, ... 是時曹公新得表衆,形勢甚盛,諸議者皆望風畏懼,多勸權迎之。惟瑜、肅執拒之議,意與權同。瑜、普為左右督,各領萬人,與備俱進,遇於赤壁,大破曹公軍。) Sanguozhi vol. 47.
- ^ a b (以瑜為中護軍, ... 時劉備為曹公所破,欲引南渡江,與魯肅遇於當陽,遂共圖計,因進住夏口,遣諸葛亮詣權,權遂遣瑜及程普等與備并力逆曹公,遇於赤壁。 ... 又豫備走舸,各繫大船後,因引次俱前。曹公軍吏士皆延頸觀望,指言蓋降。蓋放諸船,同時發火。時風盛猛,悉延燒岸上營落。頃之,煙炎張天,人馬燒溺死者甚衆,軍遂敗退,還保南郡。) Sanguozhi vol. 54.
- ^ a b (後拜盪寇中郎將, ... 與周瑜為左右督,破曹公於烏林, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (時周瑜受使至鄱陽,肅勸追召瑜還。 ... 遂任瑜以行事,以肅為贊軍校尉,助畫方略。) Sanguozhi vol. 54.
- ^ (七縣平定,拜征虜中郎將, ... 曹公至赤壁,與周瑜等俱拒破之, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
- ^ (以蒙為橫野中郎將,賜錢千萬。 ... 是歲,又與周瑜、程普等西破曹公於烏林,圍曹仁於南郡。) Sanguozhi vol. 54.
- ^ (後以中郎將與周瑜等拒破曹公, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (遷丹楊都尉,抑彊扶弱,山越懷附。 ... 建安中,隨周瑜拒曹公於赤壁,建策火攻,語在瑜傳。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (權以統為承烈都尉, ... 與周瑜等拒破曹公於烏林, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (後從攻皖,及討江夏,還過豫章,復補宜春長, ... 後與周瑜、程普拒曹公於赤壁,攻曹仁於南郡。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (後隨周瑜拒破曹公於烏林。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (江表傳曰: ... 權撫背曰:「 ... 五萬兵難卒合,已選三萬人,船糧戰具俱辦,卿與子敬、程公便在前發,孤當續發人衆,多載資糧,為卿後援。 ... 」) Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 54.
- ^ a b c d e (江表傳曰:備從魯肅計,進住鄂縣之樊口。諸葛亮詣吳未還,備聞曹公軍下,恐懼,日遣邏吏於水次候望權軍。吏望見瑜船,馳往白備,備曰:「何以知之非青徐軍邪?」吏對曰:「以船知之。」備遣人慰勞之。瑜曰:「有軍任,不可得委署,儻能屈威,誠副其所望。」備謂關羽、張飛曰:「彼欲致我,我今自結託於東而不往,非同盟之意也。」乃乘單舸往見瑜,問曰:「今拒曹公,深為得計。戰卒有幾?」瑜曰:「三萬人。」備曰:「恨少。」瑜曰:「此自足用,豫州但觀瑜破之。」備欲呼魯肅等共會語,瑜曰:「受命不得妄委署,若欲見子敬,可別過之。又孔明已俱來,不過三兩日到也。」備雖深愧異瑜,而心未許之能必破北軍也,故差池在後,將二千人與羽、飛俱,未肯係瑜,蓋為進退之計也。) Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ^ a b (權大恱,即遣周瑜、程普、魯肅等水軍三萬,隨亮詣先主,并力拒曹公。 ... 曹公敗于赤壁, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 35.
- ^ (表先主為左將軍, ... 與曹公戰于赤壁,大破之,焚其舟船。) Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ^ (曹公禽羽以歸,拜為偏將軍,禮之甚厚。) Sanguozhi vol. 36.
- ^ (... 曹公拜飛為中郎將。) Sanguozhi vol. 36.
- ^ a b (亮曰:「豫州軍雖敗於長阪,今戰士還者及關羽水軍精甲萬人,劉琦合江夏戰士亦不下萬人。 ...) Sanguozhi vol. 35.
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
- Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian.
- 燕京晓林 (Yanjing Xiaolin) (1 August 2005). "赤壁之战是以少胜多的经典战例吗?——从军事历史的角度分析赤壁之战双方的实际参战兵力 [Was the Battle of Red Cliffs a classic example of a smaller force defeating a larger army? -- Analysis of the active strengths of both sides in the Battle of Red Cliffs from the perspective of a military historian]" (in Chinese). e3ol.com. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Categories:
- 208
- Battles during the end of the Han dynasty
- Naval battles involving China
- Orders of battle
- 200s conflicts