Red Jacket (clipper)

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History
United States
Name	Red Jacket
Owner	Seccomb & Taylor, Boston
Builder	George Thomas, Rockland, ME
Launched	2 Nov 1853[1]
United Kingdom
Owner	Pilkington & Wilson
Operator	White Star Line
Acquired	1854
Notes	In the immigrant trade; became an Australian and Indian coastal freighter, 1861.
Owner	Wilson & Chambers, Liverpool, 1868
Portugal
Owner	Blandy Brothers, Madeira Islands
Acquired	1883
Fate	Driven ashore in a gale, 1885.
Notes	Hulked, became a coal barge in the Cape Verde Islands.
General characteristics
Class and type	Clipper, designed by Samuel Hartt Pook
Tons burthen	2305 tons
Length	251 ft. 2 in., or 260 ft. 109m
Beam	44 ft.
Draft	31 ft.,[1] or 26 ft.

Red Jacket was a clipper ship, one of the largest and fastest ever built.^[2] She was also the first ship of the White Star Line company. She was named after Sagoyewatha, a famous Seneca Indian chief, called "Red Jacket" by settlers. She was designed by Samuel Hartt Pook, built by George Thomas in Rockland, Maine, and launched in 1853, the last ship to be launched from this yard.^[3]

Voyages[]

On her first voyage, Red Jacket set the speed record for sailing ships crossing the Atlantic by traveling from New York to Liverpool in 13 days, 1 hour, 25 minutes, dock to dock.

She left Rockland under tow, and was rigged in New York. Her captain was a veteran packet ship commander, Asa Eldridge of Yarmouth, Massachusetts,^[4] and she had a crew of 65. On the passage to Liverpool, she averaged 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h) for the latter part of the voyage, with sustained bursts of 17 knots (31.5 km/h).

A Collins Line steamer arriving in Liverpool (which had left New York two days before Red Jacket) reported that Red Jacket was just astern. As she entered the harbor, tugs tried to get lines aboard the clipper but she was traveling too fast. Thousands, alerted by the Collins Liner, watched as Eldridge shortened sail and backed the vessel into its berth.

A few days after the Red Jacket’s arrival in Liverpool, the accuracy of the ship’s log—and thus the integrity of her captain—was questioned in a letter to The Times of London, arguably the world’s most important newspaper at the time. The letter came from a highly authoritative source, Lloyd’s of London, but was signed only with the author’s initials. It prompted a fierce rebuttal the following day from a second correspondent who also did not disclose his name, but was clearly American. Three days later, the final word in this correspondence went to Asa Eldridge himself; The Times printed a letter from him (sent in his own name) in which he patiently explained why the original correspondent was wrong in his interpretation of the ship’s log.^[5]

At Liverpool, the Red Jacket had her bottom coppered and cabins fitted out for the Australian immigrant trade. She was purchased by Pilkington & Wilcox and other Liverpool investors with registry changing on April 24, 1854. (Most secondary sources say that the vessel was bought by the British a year later, copying a mistake made by earlier historians.) She was then chartered by the White Star Line for a run to Melbourne, Victoria. Under Captain Samuel Reid (who owned 1/16 of her), she reached in Melbourne in 69 days. Only one clipper, James Baines, ever made the run faster.^{[citation needed]} On 13 June 1859,^[6] whilst on a voyage from Liverpool to Melbourne, she collided with the British merchant ship Elizabeth Walker, which sank. Red Jacket rescued the crew of Elizabeth Walker, which was on a voyage from Buenos Aires, Argentina to London.^[7][8]

Red Jacket served in the immigrant trade until 1867, when she became an Australian and Indian coastal freighter.^{[citation needed]}. In May 1871, she ran aground at Cantick Head, Orkney Islands whilst on a voyage from Calcutta to Dundee, Forfarshire. She was refloated and completed her voyage.^[9]

Fate of the ship[]

In 1872 Red Jacket became a lumber carrier from Quebec to London, joining the clippers Marco Polo and Donald McKay, which "ended their days" in the transatlantic Quebec timber trade,^[10] She collided with the Eliza Walker in 1878, which sank; Eliza Walker′s crew were rescued.^{[1][dubious – discuss]} In 1883, Red Jacket was sold to Blandy Brothers, a Portuguese shipping company in the Madeira Islands as a coaling hulk. She was driven ashore in a gale in 1885.

References[]

• Fuller, Benjamin A. G. (Autumn 2003), "Red Jacket, Champion of the Seas", Maine Boats Homes and Harbors (76)

Further reading[]

Cornell, Edward (1856). Journal of a voyage from Liverpool to Melbourne for H.M. Royal Mail Clipper Red Jacket, Captain O'Halloran. Manuscript.

Abreu, Maria de Fátima (2021). Memória do Red Jacket - De famoso transatlântico a "pontão" de carvão. Funchal, Portugal: Direção Regional da Cultural / Divisão de Publicações. ISBN 978-972-648-252-9.CS1 maint: date and year (link)

External links[]

• Media related to Red Jacket (ship, 1853) at Wikimedia Commons
• Era of the Clipper Ships, the Red Jacket

Images and models[]

• History & Painting of Red Jacket by Percy A. Sanborn
• Red Jacket in the ice off Cape Horn Currier and Ives print, with less color, Springfield Museum
• Red Jacket ship model
• "Clipper Ship Red Jacket" watercolor by David J. Kennedy