Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture

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Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture
Reichsministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft
Reichsadler der Deutsches Reich (1935–1945).svg
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R0311-504, Berlin, Wilhelmstraße, Landwirtschaftsministerium.jpg
The building of the Imperial Ministry of Food and Agriculture, at Wilhelmstrasse during the Nazi era. After the war was destroyed in the interior, the Palais was rebuilt in 1956 for reconstruction in 1960-62 by the .
Agency overview
FormedMarch 1919 (1919-03)
Dissolved8 May 1945 (1945-05-08)
JurisdictionNazi Germany
Minister responsible
  • See list

The Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture (German: Reichsministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, abbreviated RMEL) was responsible for agricultural policy of Germany during the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1933 and during the Third Reich from 1933 to 1945. It was under the office of the Secretary of State. On 1 January 1935, the ministry was merged with the , founded in 1879. In 1938 it was renamed "Reich and Prussian Ministry of Food and Agriculture". After the end of National Socialism in 1945 and the occupation, the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture was established in 1949 as a successor in the western Federal Republic of Germany.

History[]

In March 1919, the Reichsernährungsamt was the first to establish the "Reich Ministry of Food". This was combined with the Reich Ministry of Economics in September 1919 and re-founded during the Kapp Putsch in March 1920 under the name "Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture". In the same year, the ministry moved into the at 72 Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin. From 1924, four large-format paintings by August Weber were on loan in the building, and since 1945 they have been lost.

After the Nazi's seized power on January 30, 1933, the ministry was initially led by Alfred Hugenberg. Coerced into resignation during June 1933, Hugenburg was succeeded by Kurt Schmitt and Walther Darré.[1] The latter took over on June 30, 1933 as "" the management of the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture,[2] where he was in this function also created for the Gleichschaltung of agriculture Reichsnährstand. The Nazi Darré, took personal leadership of the official party apparatus belonging to the Agricultural Policy Office (from 1936 "", and then from 1942 ""). The office was responsible for the management and supervision of the Reichsnährstandes.[3]

The RMEL, as it were, took over the state's supervision of the Reichsnährstand organization.[4] As a result, individual areas of responsibility were gradually transferred to other NS authorities. Thus, in 1934, by founding the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture, the Reich Forestry Office under the leadership of Hermann Göring was established as the highest Reich authority for forestry and hunting, timber management, nature conservation and nature conservation.[5] The Reich Forestry was in turn united on January 1, 1935 with the .[6] Goring's deputy and de facto head of German Forestry was Walter von Keudell, and then from 1937 Friedrich Alpers. Furthermore, in the years 1934 and 1935, the agricultural vocational and technical education were spun off into the Reich Ministry of Science, Education and Culture a directorate of the Reich Ministry of the Interior. On September 22, 1938, it also followed by decree of the Reich Minister, that all research institutes derived from the fishing industry would be collected in one .

Reich Minister[]

No. Portrait Reichsminister Took office Left office Time in office Party Cabinet
1
Robert Schmidt
Schmidt, RobertRobert Schmidt
(1864–1943)		13 February 191926 March 19201 year, 42 daysSPDScheidemann
Bauer
2
Andreas Hermes
Hermes, AndreasAndreas Hermes
(1878–1964)		27 March 192010 March 19221 year, 348 daysCentreMüller I
Fehrenbach
Wirth I
Wirth II
3
Anton Fehr [de]
Fehr, Anton [de]
(1881–1954)		31 March 192221 November 1922256 daysBBWirth II
4
Karl Müller
Müller, KarlKarl Müller
(1884–1964)		22 November 192225 November 19224 daysCentreCuno
5
Hans Luther
Luther, HansHans Luther
(1879–1962)		1 December 19224 October 1923317 daysIndependentCuno
Stresemann I
6
Gerhard Graf von Kanitz
Kanitz, GerhardGerhard Graf von Kanitz
(1885–1949)		6 October 19235 December 19252 years, 62 daysIndependentStresemann I
Marx I
Stresemann II
Marx II
Luther I
7
Heinrich Haslinde [de]
Haslinde, Heinrich [de]
(1881–1958)		20 January 192617 December 1926331 daysCentreLuther II
Marx III
8
Martin Schiele
Schiele, MartinMartin Schiele
(1870–1939)		28 January 192712 June 19281 year, 136 daysDNVPLuther II
Marx IV
9
Hermann Dietrich
Dietrich, HermannHermann Dietrich
(1879–1954)		28 June 192827 March 19301 year, 272 daysDDPLuther II
Müller II
(8)
Martin Schiele
Schiele, MartinMartin Schiele
(1870–1939)		30 March 193030 May 19322 years, 61 daysDNVP
CNBL		Brüning I
Brüning II
10
Magnus Freiherr von Braun
Braun, MagnusMagnus Freiherr von Braun
(1878–1972)		1 June 193228 January 1933241 daysDNVPPapen
Schleicher
11
Alfred Hugenberg
Hugenberg, AlfredAlfred Hugenberg
(1865–1951)		30 January 193329 June 1933150 daysDNVPHitler
12
Richard Walther Darré
Darré, RichardRichard Walther Darré
(1895–1953)		30 June 193323 May 1942
(On leave until 6 April 1944)		8 years, 327 daysNSDAPHitler
13
Herbert Backe
Backe, HerbertHerbert Backe
(1896–1947)		23 May 1942
(Acting until 6 April 1944)		23 May 19453 years, 0 daysNSDAPHitler
Goebbels
Schwerin von Krosigk

State Secretary[]

Name Appointed End of Term Political Party
Ludwig Huber[7] 1920 1922 Independent
1922 1923 Independent
1923 1926 Independent
Erich Hoffmann 1926 1929 Independent
1929 1932 Independent
1932 1933 Independent
Hans Joachim von Rohr 1933 1933 DNVP
Herbert Backe 1933 1944 NSDAP
Werner Willikens 1934 1945 NSDAP
Hans-Joachim Riecke 1944 1945 NSDAP

References[]

  1. ^ Hans Kehrl: Krisenmanager im Dritten Reich.
  2. ^ Horst Gies: NSDAP und landwirtschaftliche Organisationen in der Endphase der Weimarer Republik.
  3. ^ Rudolf Kluge, Heinrich Krüger: Verfassung und Verwaltung im Großdeutschen Reich.
  4. ^ Horst Gies: Die Rolle des Reichsnährstandes im nationalsozialistischen Herrschaftssystem.
  5. ^ Joachim Tauber u. a.
  6. ^ Joachim Radkau u. a.
  7. ^ Laut Register der historischen Berliner Städtebau- und Baudenkmale im Stadtbezirk Mitte.
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