Rhabdopleurida

Rhabdopleura
Rhabdopleura normani
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Hemichordata
Class:	Pterobranchia
Order:	Rhabdopleurida
Family:	Rhabdopleuridae Allman, 1869[1]
Genera
?† Chapman 1919 ?† Ulrich & Ruedemann, 1931 ex Ruedemann 1933 ?† Hu 2005 ?† Chapman & Thomas 1936 ?†Yuknessia Walcott 1919 † Kozlowski 1959 † Eisenack 1937 † Kozłowski 1959 † Kozlowski 1949 † Kozlowski 1970 † Eisenack 1941 † Obut & Sobolevskaya 1967 † Kozlowski 1938 ex Kozlowski 1949 † Sars 1868 † Kozłowski 1949 † Kolowski 1959 † Kozlowski 1959 † Eisenack 1932 † Eisenack 1934 † Kozlowski 1967 † Kozlowski 1961 †Rhabdotubus Bengtson & Urbanek 1986 †Sphenothallus Chapman 1917 non Hall 1847 † Kozlowski 1938 ex Kozlowski 1949 † Eisenack 1937 Rhabdopleura Allman 1869
Synonyms
Order Stolonoidea Kozlowski 1938 Family Graptovermidae Kozlowski 1949 Idiotubidae Kozlowski 1949 Rhabdopleuritidae Mierzejewski 1986 Rhabdopleuroididae Mierzejewski 1986 Stolonodendridae Bulman 1955

Rhabdopleurida is one of three orders in the class Pterobranchia, which are small, worm-shaped animals, are the only surviving graptolites. Members belong to the hemichordates.^[2][3] Species in this order are sessile, colonial, connected with a stolon, living in clear water and secrete tubes called tubarium. They have a single gonad, the gill slits are absent and the collar has two tentaculated arms.^[4] Rhabdopleura is the best studied pterobranch in developmental biology.^[5] Rhabdopleura is the only extant graptolite.^[6][7]

Taxonomy[]

This small order is monotypic. It has only a single genus, containing four to six living species.

Order Rhabdopleurida Fowler 1892

• Family Rhabdopleuridae Harmer 1905
  • Genus Rhabdopleura Allman 1869
    • Rhabdopleura annulata Norman 1921 — Indo-Pacific region
    • Rhabdopleura compacta Hincks 1880 — Atlantic
    • Rhabdopleura normani Allmann, 1869 — Atlantic and parts of the Pacific
    • Rhabdopleura recondita Beli, Cameron and Piraino, 2018 — Mediterranean
    • Rhabdopleura striata Schepotieff 1909 — Pacific (Sri Lanka)

Nomen dubium:

• Julien 1890 nomen dubium
• Jullien & Calvet 1903 nomen dubium

Extinct species:

• † Mortelmans 1955
• † Chapman, Durman & Rickards 1995
• † Rickards, Chapman & Temple 1984
• † Kulicki 1969
• † Durman & Sennikov 1993
• † Chapman, Durman & Rickards 1995
• † Kozlowski 1956

References[]

• Marinespecies.org
• ITIS.gov
• Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp.

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