Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation
Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation | |
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![]() Theatrical re-release poster | |
Directed by | Kim Henkel |
Written by | Kim Henkel |
Based on | Characters created by Kim Henkel Tobe Hooper |
Produced by |
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Starring |
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Cinematography | Levie Isaacks |
Edited by | Sandra Adair |
Music by |
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Production companies |
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Distributed by | |
Release date |
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Running time | 87 minutes[3] (theatrical cut) 94 minutes (director's cut) |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $600,000 |
Box office | $185,898[4] |
Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (originally released as The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre)[5] is a 1995 American slasher film written and directed by Kim Henkel, and starring Renée Zellweger, Matthew McConaughey, and Robert Jacks as Leatherface. The plot follows four teenagers who encounter Leatherface and his murderous family in backwoods Texas on the night of their prom. It is the fourth installment in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre series, and also features uncredited cameo appearances from Marilyn Burns, Paul A. Partain, and John Dugan, all stars of the original film.
Writer-director Kim Henkel had previously co-written the original The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) with Tobe Hooper; the events of the previous two sequel films are addressed in The Next Generation's opening prologue as "two minor, yet apparently related incidents" which happened after the events of the original film. Next Generation was shot on location in rural areas outside of Austin, Texas.
The film was screened as The Return of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre in 1995 before being shelved by Columbia Pictures. Two years later, it was re-cut and released under the title Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation on August 29, 1997, after Zellweger and McConaughey had both become major Hollywood stars, but was a critical and financial failure. Though a full soundtrack was never released, a companion single featured in the film performed by star Robert Jacks and Debbie Harry from Blondie was released on compact disc in 1997. This was the final installment in the original series, with the next entry being a remake of the original film.
Plot[]
On May 22nd, 1994, four teenagers: Barry, Heather, Jenny, and Sean, attend their school’s prom party. When Heather discovers Barry cheating on her with another girl, she storms out of the dance, followed closely by Barry, who tries to explain himself. Their argument is interrupted by Jenny and Sean, who are in the backseat, smoking marijuana. Heather takes a detour off the freeway, and while distracted, collides with another motorist, who passes out in the ensuing confusion. Jenny, Heather, and Barry leave Sean to look after the unconscious motorist, while they search for help.
They stop at an office trailer, where they meet Darla, an insurance agent, who promises to call her boyfriend, a tow truck driver named Vilmer. They leave the office and begin heading back towards the wreck, only for Heather and Barry to become separated from Jenny in the darkness. Vilmer soon shows up at the scene of the wreck, killing the motorist, before chasing Sean in his truck and backing over him. Heather and Barry discover a dilapidated farmhouse in the woods, where they are held at gunpoint by the owner, W.E. Barry asks to use the restroom, to which W.E. agrees, leading him inside, while Heather is attacked by Leatherface on the porch. He catches Heather and stuffs her in a meat locker. Barry discovers a corpse in the bathtub before he is killed by Leatherface with a sledgehammer. After killing Barry, he impales Heather on a meat hook.
Jenny returns to the scene of the wreck, where she is met by Vilmer, who offers her a ride. She accepts, only for Vilmer to threaten her, before showing her the bodies of Sean and the motorist. Jenny jumps out of the truck and runs into some nearby woods. She is soon attacked by Leatherface, resulting in a lengthy chase. She seeks refuge from Darla, who reveals herself to be in league with the killers when W.E. shows up and beats her with a cattle prod. The two put her in Darla’s trunk and she leaves to pick up some pizzas for dinner. After being tormented by Vilmer, Jenny momentarily escapes, attempting to drive off in Darla’s car. She is stopped by Vilmer, who knocks her unconscious. She soon awakens at a dinner table, surrounded by the family, who reveal they are employed by a secret society to terrorize people that may cross their path. A man named Rothman shows up, reprimanding Vilmer for his methods, before revealing an array of scars and piercings on his torso and licking Jenny’s face. Rothman leaves and Vilmer terrorizes his family and Jenny, killing Heather by crushing her skull under his cybernetic leg, and knocking W.E. unconscious with a hammer.
Vilmer and Leatherface prepare to kill Jenny, who breaks free and, using the control to Vilmer’s leg, escapes. Jenny reaches a dirt road, where she is rescued by an elderly couple in an RV. However, Leatherface and Vilmer run them off the road, resulting in the RV falling on its side. Jenny emerges from the vehicle unscathed and continues running, with Leatherface and Vilmer in hot pursuit. A plane swoops down on Vilmer, killing him when one of the wheels grazes his skull. Leatherface screams in anguish, while Jenny looks on. A limousine pulls up and Jenny jumps in the backseat, where she is met by Rothman, who apologizes, explaining her experience was supposed to be spiritual and Vilmer had to be stopped. He offers to take her to a police station or a hospital, dropping her off at a hospital, where she speaks to an officer. Sally Hardesty, being pushed on a gurney, meets Jenny’s gaze as the film ends.
Cast[]
- Renée Zellweger as Jenny
- Matthew McConaughey as Vilmer
- Robert Jacks as Leatherface
- Tonie Perensky as Darla
- Joe Stevens as Walter Edward
- Lisa Marie Newmyer as Heather
- John Harrison as Sean
- Tyler Cone as Barry
- James Gale as Rothman
- Debra Marshall as Cop in Bud's Pizza
- John Dugan as Cop at Hospital
- Paul A. Partain as Hospital Orderly
- Marilyn Burns as Patient on Gurney[6]
Analysis[]
Secret society subplot[]
The film has been noted for its implementation of a secret society subplot driving Leatherface's family to terrorize civilians in order to provoke them to a level of transcendence; in a retrospective interview, Kim Henkel confirmed that the basis of the subplot was influenced by theories surrounding the Illuminati.[7] Commenting on the film's ominous Rothman character, Henkel stated: "He comes off more like the leader of some harum-scarum cult that makes a practice of bringing victims to experience horror on the pretext that it produces some sort of transcendent experience. Of course, it does produce a transcendent experience. Death is like that. But no good comes of it. You're tortured and tormented, and get the crap scared out of you, and then you die."[8]
Other references to the Illuminati are made in the film's dialogue, specifically in the scene in which Darla tells Jenny about the thousands-years-old secret society in control of the U.S. government, and makes reference to the Kennedy assassination.[9] Critic Russell Smith noted in discussion of this plot point: "Could the unexplained "them" be an allusion to the insatiable horror audience that always makes these gorefests a good investment, or is it a cabal of governmental powermongers...?"[2]
Many of these subplot questions are answered in Kim Henkel's 2012 follow-up film Butcher Boys, which, although not an official TCM movie in name, may indeed be the next chapter in the story.[10] Henkel's Butcher Boys is often referred to by critics as a "spiritual sequel" to his The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, [11] mainly because it was originally written as one.[12]
Parody and self-reference[]
The film is recursive in that it opens with an intertitle referring to two "minor, yet apparently related incidents", a joking acknowledgment of the previous two sequels.[13] Justin Yandell of Bloody Disgusting interprets the film as a cynical reimagining of the original film, with Henkel parodying his own work.[14] He cites Leatherface's ineffectiveness at dispatching his victims as well as the archetypical teenage characters as evidence of the film being a commentary on the declining state of horror films in the late 1980s and early 1990s:
Leatherface, once efficient, methodical and near-silent, now struggles to competently capture or kill his victims, all the while screaming like a petulant child. The family, no longer backwater cannibals, dines on pizza instead of the fresh meat of their victims. The dinner sequence, originally one of the most effective and horrifying scenes ever committed to film, goes so far off the rails it climaxes with Jenny turning the tables on her captors and scolding Leatherface into sitting down and shutting up. The ineffectiveness of it all of this is intentional, and we know this because a man in a limo pulls up and openly acknowledges it."[14]
Cross-dressing of Leatherface[]
Another element noted by both critics and film scholars is the film's overt references to cross-dressing in the Leatherface character, which was briefly explored in the original film but implemented to a greater extent. Robert Wilonsky of the Houston Press commented on the film's treatment of the character, writing that the film "turns Leatherface (here played by Robbie Jacks, an Austin songwriter who used to host a smacked-up radio show with Butthole Surfer Gibby Haynes) into a cross-dressing nancy boy who screams more than he saws."[15] According to Henkel, he wrote the character as one who assumes the persona of the person whose face he wears: "The confused sexuality of the Leatherface character is complex and horrifying at the same time," he said in a 1996 interview.[16] Film scholar Scott Von Doviak also took note of this, likening Leatherface's presentation in the film to that of a "tortured drag queen."[17]
Director's Cut[]
The original cut of the film by director Kim Henkel is approximately 7 minutes longer than the final released version. The original edit of the film has some slightly longer shots of violence and character reactions but the most significant omission in the theatrically released version was the deletion of Jenny's backstory at the beginning of the film. In the original cut, the relationship between Jenny and her stepfather (played by David Laurence) is shown to be fraught, with elements of domestic abuse and molestation shown as she is subjected to his violent outbursts. This later helps to explain why Jenny is not particularly phased when being tortured by Leatherface's family and how she has the strength to fight back against Vilmer when he touches her.
Production[]
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Development[]
In developing the film, Robert Kuhn stated:
I wanted to go back to the original, and [Kim] did, too. We agreed on that right off. And the first major thing was getting him to write the script. I raised the money to get it written, and for us to start trying to put this thing together. Then we went out to the American Film Market in LA and talked to a bunch of people about financing. At that point I'd raised some money, but not nearly enough to make the film, and we looked at the possibilities of making a deal with a distributor. But I knew there wasn't any hope of us making one we could live with. There never is. Kim would say, 'Hey, so-and-so is interested, and it might be a deal we can live with.' So we'd talk to 'em and I'd ask three or four hard questions, and I'd just kind of look over at Kim and he'd say 'Yeah.' Then I'd go back and start trying to raise some more money. I just started going to everybody I knew and I got it in bits and pieces, wherever I could.[18]
In a 1996-released documentary on the making of the film, Henkel stated that he wrote the characters as exaggerated "cartoonish" caricatures of quintessential American youth.[19] Henkel cited the murder cases of serial killers Ed Gein and Elmer Wayne Henley as influences on his involvement in both Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation and the original The Texas Chain Saw Massacre.[20] Henkel also deliberately wrote themes of female empowerment into the script, specifically in the Jenny character: "It's her story. It's about her transformation, her refusal to shut up, to be silenced, to be victimized. And by extension her refusal to be oppressed. Even by culture... Bringing Jenny into a world in which the culture was grotesquely exaggerated was a way of bringing her to see her own world more clearly – that is to say, my intent was to present a nightmarish version of Jenny's world in the form of the Chainsaw family in order to enlarge her view of her own world."[7]
Filming[]
The movie was filmed on location at an abandoned farmhouse in Pflugerville, Texas, and nearby Bastrop.[18] The majority of the cast and crew were locals from Austin, aside from James Gale, a stage actor from Houston.[18] Most of the filming took place at night, and was described by makeup artist J.M. Logan as "very, very rough for everyone."[21]
Renée Zellweger reflected on the film in a 2016 interview, and said: "It was very low-budget, so we all shared a tiny Winnebago that the producer of the film — it belonged to him, it was his personal camper. So, you know, makeup was in the front seats and there was a table in the middle for hair, and there was a tiny little curtain by the bathroom. That was where you put your prom dress and your flower on. [...] It was ridiculous. How we pulled that off, I have no idea. I'm sure none of it was legal. Anything we did was a little bit dangerous. But what an experience. It was kamikaze filmmaking."[22]
Release[]
Theatrical distribution[]
After a protracted post-production, the film had its world premiere at the South by Southwest Film and Media Conference on March 12, 1995,[23][2] and received "glowing reviews" at the time.[15][24] The film was purchased by Columbia Pictures for $1.3 million.[25] The studio agreed to distribute the film theatrically (along with its home-video release), and agreed to spend no less than $500,000 on prints and advertising.[26] The film was released theatrically on September 22, 1995,[27] and was screened in 27 theaters in the United States, grossing $44,272.[28]
Later in 1995, the film was released theatrically and on LaserDisc in Japan, and then was shelved for the following two years, when in 1997, Columbia re-edited, re-titled, and re-released it as Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation,[29] slating it for a late August release.[30] According to producer Robert Kuhn, Columbia Pictures had deliberately pushed the film back to await the release of star Renée Zellweger's new film, Jerry Maguire (1996), which the producers agreed to; McConaughey's agent then purportedly put "pressure" on Columbia Pictures to not release the film theatrically, which caused complications between Henkel and the studio.[31]
In a 1997 interview with The Austin Chronicle, Robert Kuhn stated that:
Well, we definitely feel that Columbia/TriStar has not done what they agreed to do in terms of trying to market this film in the best possible fashion. They have not tried to exploit this film to monetarily benefit us as they should have. They've just low-keyed it. They don't want to be guilty of exploiting Matthew because of their relationship with CAA, which is the strongest single force in Hollywood these days. You get on the wrong side of them, you're in trouble. So I understand their problem, but at the same time, they should have either given the film back to us or they should have done the best release they could have done. And they haven't done that.[26]
The film was released theatrically as Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation in a limited release in approximately twenty U.S. cities on August 29, 1997[32] under a co-distribution deal between Columbia Pictures and Cinépix Film Properties.[13] The theatrical release featured the re-cut version of the film, which excised a total of seven minutes from Henkel's original cut.[33] The film earned $53,111 on 23 screens between August 29 and September 1, 1997.[34] It would go on to gross a total of $185,898 domestically (including both the 1995 and 1997 versions), making it the poorest-performing Texas Chainsaw Massacre film.[4]
Critical response[]
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Reviewing the film after a screening at the Boston Film Festival in 1995, Betsy Sherman of The Boston Globe referred to the film as a "shameless rehash" of the original, adding: "Henkel's idea of an imaginative stroke is to put [Leatherface] in red lipstick and black widow drag. No thanks, Julie Newmar."[35] Critic Joe Bob Briggs championed the film upon its South by Southwest screening, referring to it as "a flick so terrifying and brilliant that it makes the other two Chainsaw sequels seem like 'After-School Specials.'"[36]
Upon the film's 1997 re-release, much of the critical reviews focused on the lead performances of Zellweger and McConaughey, who had garnered significant fame in the interim.[a] Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote: "It was way back in 1995 that this schlocky horror farce, then known as Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre, first appeared with the unknown actors Matthew McConaughey and Renee Zellweger in starring roles. But even in a film whose principal props include litter, old pizza slices and a black plastic trash bag, it's clear that these two were going places."[3] Rob Patterson of the Austin American-Statesman awarded the film three out of four stars and praised the performances, noting: "Everyone here certainly pushes at the ceiling of near-absurdity, yet The Next Generation never quite goes over the top."[38] Terry Lawson of the Detroit Free Press similarly championed the lead performances of Zellweger and McConaughey, but expressed disappointment in the "Men in black" subplot and that writer-director Henkel "turns poor Leatherface into a whimpering drag queen."[37] The New York Daily News also noted that "Zellweger impresses in her strenuous, scream-driven turn as Jenny."[39]
Mike Clark of USA Today called the film "The kind of cinematic endeavor where you suspect both cast and crew were obligated to bring their own beer,"[40] while Owen Gleiberman wrote in Entertainment Weekly that the film "recapitulates the absurdist tabloid-redneck comedy of the great, original Chainsaw without a hint of its primal terror."[41] Margaret McGurk of The Cincinnati Enquirer also remarked the film's narrative, writing: "The script, such as it is, establishes a new benchmark for incoherence. Something about some teens who wander away on prom night and run up against a family of psycho-cannibal-thrill-killers... Of course, there is no point to any of it, either the humor or the creepy (though relatively bloodless) mayhem—except maybe the permanent embarrassment of poor Matthew [McConaughey] and Renée [Zellweger]."[42] Dann Gire of the Daily Herald suggested "a massacre might be less painful."[43] John Anderson of Newsday wrote that the film was the kind that "Wes Craven's Scream has now rendered virtually defunct... What we want from Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation is a giddy mix of gruesome horror and campy humor. What we get is less massacre than mess."[44]
Joe Leydon of Variety wrote that the film "manages the difficult feat of being genuinely scary and sharply self-satirical all at once... it is adept at keeping its audience in a constant state of jumpiness." He also lauded Zellweger's performance, calling her "the most formidable scream queen since Jamie Lee Curtis went legit."[45] The Hollywood Reporter's Dave Hunter similarly noted the film as being "blackly comic and extreme."[13] The Austin Chronicle also gave the film a favorable review, stating: "Writer-director Kim Henkel penned the original Chainsaw and this effort shows that he still has a felicitous grasp of the things that cause us to shudder in dread."[46]
Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation holds a 16% rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, based on 37 reviews with an average rating of 3.6/10. Its consensus reads, "The Next Generation has the fortune of starring early-career Matthew McConaughey and Renée Zellweger, but it services neither headliner well in a convoluted and cheap-looking slasher that doesn't live up to the Texas Chainsaw Massacre legacy."[47] On Metacritic the film holds a score of 50 out of 100, based on reviews from 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[48]
Home media[]
In late 1995, the film saw its first home video release in the form of a LaserDisc released in Japan under its original Return ... title.[49]
The subsequent home video releases also occurred through Columbia Tristar Home Video: It was first released on VHS in September 1998, and on DVD on July 13, 1999. The original Columbia Tristar DVD release was reissued with new cover artwork in 2003.[50] In 2001, Lionsgate, who purchased Cinépix Film Properties shortly after the film's 1997 theatrical run, released the film on DVD in Canada; the Canadian release featured the original 94-minute cut of the film.[51]
On June 4, 2018, Scream Factory announced a collector's edition Blu-ray release of the film slated for September 25, 2018.[52] The following week, Bloody Disgusting reported that the proposed artwork for the release, which had originally featured stars Zellweger and McConaughey, had to be altered to remove both actors due to licensing issues.[53] In July 2018, Scream Factory stated the release date for the Blu-ray had been pushed back to October 30, 2018.[54] In September 2018, it was announced that the Blu-ray would again be delayed until December 11, 2018.[55] The Blu-Ray was released on the scheduled December date, and featured the theatrical cut, a 93-minute director's cut with optional commentary by writer-director Henkel, and several other special features.[55][56]
Soundtrack[]
The film's soundtrack featured many local Texan bands, but never received a release. However, star Robert Jacks, a friend of Blondie's Debbie Harry, produced a song with Harry titled Der Einziger Weg (sic; English: The Only Way; the correct German title would be "Der einzige Weg"), a single written for and featured in the film. The song was released by Eco-Disaster Music in 1997 as a single on compact disc, featuring Debbie Harry on the cover with a portrait of Jacks as Leatherface, featured in his three costumes, on the wall behind her.
Songs featured in the film:
- "Two-Headed Dog (Red Temple Prayer)" by Roky Erickson
- "I Got It Made" by Skatenigs
- "Blue Moon At Dawn" by The Coffee Sergeants
- "The Wolf at Night" by Erik Hokkanen
- "Der Einziger Weg" by Debbie Harry and Robert Jacks
- "Aphrodite" by Cecilia Saint
- "Mother" by Pushmonkey
- "Torn and Tied" by Pariah
- "Mumbo Jumbo" by The Tail Gators
- "Tornado Warning" by Erik Hokkanen
- "Bodcaw" by Blind Willie's Johnson
- "Ruby" by Loose Diamonds
- "Love to Turn You On" by Pariah
- "Careless Soul" by Daniel Johnston
- "Milky Way Jive" by Erik Hokkanen
- "Don't Tell Your Mama, Don't Tell Your Papa" by Beau Jocque
- "Voodoo Kiss" by The Naughty Ones
- "Penitentes" by Russ C. Smith
Notes[]
- ^ Several critics, including Janet Maslin,[3] Terry Lawson of the Detroit Free Press,[37] and others commented on the presence of Zellweger and McConaughey in the film, as well as its re-release following their fame.
References[]
- ^ "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation". American Film Institute. Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Smith, Russell (March 12, 1995). "Henkel won't let 'Chainsaw Massacre' legacy rest in pieces". Austin American-Statesman. Austin, Texas. p. 66 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Maslin, Janet (August 29, 1997). "'Texas Chainsaw Massacre': 'Heather, You OK? Uh, Oh'". The New York Times. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1997)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
- ^ Harper 2004, p. 145.
- ^ "HL Exclusive: Writer/Director Kim Henkel Reveals Secrets of 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation'". Halloween Love. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Squires, John (July 22, 2014). "HL Exclusive: Writer/Director Kim Henkel Reveals Secrets of 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation'". Halloween Love. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
- ^ Vander Kaay, Chris (May 17, 2017). "How 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation' Was a Precursor to 'Martyrs'". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- ^ Snider, Eric (March 4, 2010). "Eric's Bad Movies: Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994)". MTV. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
- ^ McKelvey, John (March 4, 2015). "Texas Chainsaw Massacre 5: Butcher Boys". DVD Exotica. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
- ^ Bat (March 24, 2014). "Butcher Boys (2012)". Horror Cult Films. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
- ^ Outlaw Vern (October 2, 2020). "Butcher Boys". Vern's Reviews. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Hunter, David (September 5, 1997). "Sadist Alert". Asbury Park Press. Asbury Park, New Jersey: The Hollywood Reporter – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Yandell, Justin (November 1, 2017). ""This is Appalling": 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation' as a Commentary on the State of Horror Circa 1993". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Wilonsky, Robert (August 29, 1997). "Time to Kill". Houston Press. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
- ^ Huberman 1996, event occurs at 25:41.
- ^ Von Doviak 2012, p. 174.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Wooley, John (September 1994). "Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre Cuts Deep". Fangoria (136).
- ^ Huberman 1996, event occurs at 9:04.
- ^ Huberman 1996, event occurs at 17:00.
- ^ Mullins, Travis (November 23, 2017). "Exclusive: Cast & Crew Reflect on Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation". Dread Central. Part 2. Archived from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ Gallagher, Brian (October 30, 2016). "Renee Zellweger Finally Comes to Terms with Texas Chainsaw Massacre 4". Movie Web. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
- ^ "Houston Movies - Time to Kill". August 27, 1997. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ MacCambridge, Michael (March 15, 1995). "SXSW repeats major fest screenings". Austin American-Statesman. Austin, Texas. p. 51 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "'Texas Chainsaw' sequel being buried". The Dispatch. Moline, Illinois. August 31, 1997. p. 70 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation". The Austin Chronicle. October 20, 1997. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ Murray, Steve (September 22, 1995). "Leatherface is back -- and he's got a new chain saw". The Atlanta Journal / The Atlanta Constitution. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ^ "Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1995) - Summary". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ^ Mullins, Travis (October 27, 2017). "Exclusive: Cast & Crew Reflect on Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation". Dread Central. Part 1. Archived from the original on November 24, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ Macor 2010, p. 47.
- ^ Patterson, Rob (October 16, 1977). "The Director's Cut". Austin American-Statesman. Austin, Texas. p. 133 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation". The Austin Chronicle. October 20, 1997. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ "Texas Chainsaw Massacre - The Next Generation". Movie-Censorship. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1997) - Weekend Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
- ^ Sherman, Betsy (September 18, 1995). "This 'Chainsaw' needs sharpening". The Boston Globe. p. 32 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Briggs, Joe Bob (May 19, 1995). "'Return of Chainsaw' is sharper sequel". The Orlando Sentinel. Orlando, Florida. p. 114 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Lawson, Terry (August 29, 1997). "'Chainsaw' remake stars McConaughey, Zellweger". Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. p. 71 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Patterson, Rob (October 17, 1997). "'Chainsaw' sequel cuts fine line between humor, horror". Austin American-Statesman. Austin, Texas. p. 62 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "The Buzz that Wouldn't Die". New York Daily News. August 29, 1997. p. 58 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Clark, Mike (August 30, 1997). "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation". USA Today.
- ^ Gleiberman, Owen (September 5, 1997). "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
- ^ McGurk, Margaret A. (August 30, 1997). "'Chainsaw' comes back to haunt stars". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
- ^ Gire, Dann (August 29, 1997). "Massacre might be less painful than tired remake of 'Chainsaw'". Daily Herald. Chicago, Illinois. p. 27 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Anderson, John (December 12, 1997). "Latest 'Chainsaw' lacks horror". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. Newsday. p. 42 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Leydon, Joe (March 19, 1995). "Review: "The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre"". Variety. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
- ^ Baumgarten, Marjorie (October 17, 1997). "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation". The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
- ^ "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994) - Rotten Tomatoes". RottenTomatoes.com. Fandango Media. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
- ^ Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation at Metacritic
- ^ "Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre, The [PILF-7334]". LaserDisc Database.
- ^ "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (reissue)". DVDTalk. October 7, 2003. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
- ^ Gallman, Brett (January 3, 2013). "Review: Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994)". Oh, the Horror!. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ Squires, John (June 4, 2018). "Scream Factory Announces and Details 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation' Blu-ray!". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
- ^ Squires, John (June 13, 2018). "McConaughey and Zellweger Removed from Scream Factory's 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre: Next Generation' Blu-ray Art". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- ^ Squires, John (July 10, 2018). "Scream Factory's 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre: Next Generation' Blu-ray Pushed Back One Month". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Squires, John (September 25, 2018). "Pushed Back Again, Scream Factory's 'TCM: Next Generation' Blu-ray Will Include Two Cuts and Commentary". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on October 17, 2018.
- ^ Hartman, Matthew (December 14, 2018). "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (Collector's Edition) Blu-ray Review | High Def Digest". bluray.highdefdigest.com. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
Sources[]
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Wikiquote has quotations related to: Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation |
- Harper, Jim (2004). Legacy of Blood: A Comprehensive Guide to Slasher Movies. London: Critical Vision. ISBN 978-1-900-48639-2.
- Huberman, Brian (dir.) (1996). The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Documentary (Documentary film). Huberman/Wolf Productions.
- Macor, Allison (2010). Chainsaws, Slackers, and Spy Kids: Thirty Years of Filmmaking in Austin, Texas. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-72243-9.
- Von Doviak, Scott (2012). Hick Flicks: The Rise and Fall of Redneck Cinema. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-786-48212-2.
External links[]
- Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation at AllMovie
- Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation at the American Film Institute Catalog
- Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation at Box Office Mojo
- Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation at IMDb
- Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation at Rotten Tomatoes
- Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation at the TCM Movie Database
- 1995 films
- English-language films
- 1995 horror films
- 1997 horror films
- 1997 films
- 1990s serial killer films
- 1990s slasher films
- American comedy horror films
- American independent films
- American sequel films
- American slasher films
- American films
- American teen horror films
- Columbia Pictures films
- Cross-dressing in American films
- Fictional secret societies
- Films set in abandoned houses
- Films set in Texas
- Films shot in Texas
- Films shot in Austin, Texas
- Films about proms
- Self-harm in films
- The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (franchise) films